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Peng Z, Bao L, Iben J, Wang S, Shi B, Shi YB. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates mouse enteroendocrine cell development and homeostasis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:70. [PMID: 38835047 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adult intestinal epithelium is a complex, self-renewing tissue composed of specialized cell types with diverse functions. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the bottom of crypts, where they divide to either self-renew, or move to the transit amplifying zone to divide and differentiate into absorptive and secretory cells as they move along the crypt-villus axis. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs), one type of secretory cells, are the most abundant hormone-producing cells in mammals and involved in the control of energy homeostasis. However, regulation of EEC development and homeostasis is still unclear or controversial. We have previously shown that protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 1, a histone methyltransferase and transcription co-activator, is important for adult intestinal epithelial homeostasis. RESULTS To investigate how PRMT1 affects adult intestinal epithelial homeostasis, we performed RNA-Seq on small intestinal crypts of tamoxifen-induced intestinal epithelium-specific PRMT1 knockout and PRMT1fl/fl adult mice. We found that PRMT1fl/fl and PRMT1-deficient small intestinal crypts exhibited markedly different mRNA profiles. Surprisingly, GO terms and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the topmost significantly enriched pathways among the genes upregulated in PRMT1 knockout crypts were associated with EECs. In particular, genes encoding enteroendocrine-specific hormones and transcription factors were upregulated in PRMT1-deficient small intestine. Moreover, a marked increase in the number of EECs was found in the PRMT1 knockout small intestine. Concomitantly, Neurogenin 3-positive enteroendocrine progenitor cells was also increased in the small intestinal crypts of the knockout mice, accompanied by the upregulation of the expression levels of downstream targets of Neurogenin 3, including Neuod1, Pax4, Insm1, in PRMT1-deficient crypts. CONCLUSIONS Our finding for the first time revealed that the epigenetic enzyme PRMT1 controls mouse enteroendocrine cell development, most likely via inhibition of Neurogenin 3-mediated commitment to EEC lineage. It further suggests a potential role of PRMT1 as a critical transcriptional cofactor in EECs specification and homeostasis to affect metabolism and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shouhong Wang
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Barton JR, Londregan AK, Alexander TD, Entezari AA, Covarrubias M, Waldman SA. Enteroendocrine cell regulation of the gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1272955. [PMID: 38027512 PMCID: PMC10662325 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1272955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are an essential interface between the gut and brain that communicate signals about nutrients, pain, and even information from our microbiome. EECs are hormone-producing cells expressed throughout the gastrointestinal epithelium and have been leveraged by pharmaceuticals like semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), terzepatide (Mounjaro), and retatrutide (Phase 2) for diabetes and weight control, and linaclotide (Linzess) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and visceral pain. This review focuses on role of intestinal EECs to communicate signals from the gut lumen to the brain. Canonically, EECs communicate information about the intestinal environment through a variety of hormones, dividing EECs into separate classes based on the hormone each cell type secretes. Recent studies have revealed more diverse hormone profiles and communication modalities for EECs including direct synaptic communication with peripheral neurons. EECs known as neuropod cells rapidly relay signals from gut to brain via a direct communication with vagal and primary sensory neurons. Further, this review discusses the complex information processing machinery within EECs, including receptors that transduce intraluminal signals and the ion channel complement that govern initiation and propagation of these signals. Deeper understanding of EEC physiology is necessary to safely treat devastating and pervasive conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Barton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Annie K. Londregan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tyler D. Alexander
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ariana A. Entezari
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manuel Covarrubias
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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de Souza BMS, Guerra LHA, Varallo GR, Taboga SR, Penna ALB. The Impact in Intestines and Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Through Consumption of Milk Fermented by Potentially Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei SJRP38 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SJRP43. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10158-3. [PMID: 37796426 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) casei SJRP38 and Limosilactobacillus (Lm.) fermentum SJRP43 on bacterial translocation, stool analysis, and intestinal morphology of healthy BALB/c mice. Potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Lc. casei SJRP38, and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 were evaluated and analyzed for translocation, fecal analysis, and intestinal morphology of four groups of mice: water control (WC), milk control (MC), milk fermented by Lc. casei SJRP38 (FMLC), and milk fermented by Lm. fermentum SJRP43 (FMLF), in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus ST080. The results of the animal assay indicate that the population of Lactobacilli and Bidobacterium sp. in the gastrointestinal tract of BALB/c mice was greater than 6.0 log10 CFU/g, and there was no evidence of bacteremia due to the low incidence of bacterial translocation. Ingesting fermented milk containing Lc. casei SJRP38 and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 was found to promote a healthier microbiota, as it led to a reduction in Clostridium sp. and an increase in Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium sp. in feces. Furthermore, the dairy treatments (MC, FMLC, and FMLF) resulted in taller intestinal villi and an increase in the frequency of goblet cells in the intestines. Overall, the consumption of fermented milk containing Lc. casei SJRP38 and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 strains was deemed safe and demonstrated beneficial effects on the intestines of BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria Salotti de Souza
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, UFMG - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Barretto Penna
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
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Wejaphikul K, Srilanchakon K, Kamolvisit W, Jantasuwan S, Santawong K, Tongkobpetch S, Theerapanon T, Damrongmanee A, Hongsawong N, Ukarapol N, Dejkhamron P, Supornsilchai V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Novel Variants and Phenotypes in NEUROG3-Associated Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:52-58. [PMID: 36149814 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biallelic pathogenic variants in the NEUROG3 gene cause malabsorptive diarrhea, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and rarely hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. With only 17 reported cases, the clinical and mutational spectra of this disease are far from complete. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic etiology in 3 unrelated Thai patients who presented with early-onset malabsorptive diarrhea, endocrine abnormalities, and renal defects and to determine the pathogenicity of the newly identified pathogenic variants using luciferase reporter assays and western blot. METHODS Three unrelated patients with congenital diarrhea were recruited. Detailed clinical and endocrinological features were obtained. Exome sequencing was performed to identify mutations and in vitro functional experiments including luciferase reporter assay were studied to validate their pathogenicity. RESULTS In addition to malabsorptive diarrhea due to enteric anendocrinosis, IDDM, short stature, and delayed puberty, our patients also exhibited pituitary gland hypoplasia with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (Patient 1, 2, 3) and proximal renal tubulopathy (Patient 2, 3) that have not previously reported. Exome sequencing revealed that Patient 1 was homozygous for c.371C > G (p.Thr124Arg) while the other 2 patients were homozygous for c.284G > C (p.Arg95Pro) in NEUROG3. Both variants have never been previously reported. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that these 2 variants impaired transcriptional activity of NEUROG3. CONCLUSIONS This study reported pituitary gland hypoplasia with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and proximal renal tubulopathy and 2 newly identified NEUROG3 loss-of-function variants in the patients with NEUROG3-associated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Northern Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khomsak Srilanchakon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wuttichart Kamolvisit
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supavadee Jantasuwan
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Santawong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Tongkobpetch
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Alisara Damrongmanee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattaphorn Hongsawong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuthapong Ukarapol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapai Dejkhamron
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Northern Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vichit Supornsilchai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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5
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Biancolin AD, Jeong H, Mak KWY, Yuan Z, Brubaker PL. Disrupted and Elevated Circadian Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in a Murine Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6649564. [PMID: 35876276 PMCID: PMC9368029 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and circadian rhythms are intimately linked, with circadian glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion by the intestinal L-cell entraining rhythmic insulin release. GLP-1 secretion has been explored in the context of obesogenic diets, but never in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is also considerable disagreement regarding GLP-1 levels in human T2D. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated decreased expression of the β-cell exocytotic protein secretagogin (SCGN) in T2D. To extend these findings to the L-cell, we administered oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 time points in 4-hour intervals to the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) mouse model of T2D. This revealed a 10-fold increase in peak GLP-1 secretion with a phase shift of the peak from the normal feeding period into the fasting-phase. This was accompanied by impairments in the rhythms of glucose, glucagon, mucosal clock genes (Arntl and Cry2), and Scgn. Immunostaining revealed that L-cell GLP-1 intensity was increased in the HFD-STZ model, as was the proportion of L-cells that expressed SCGN; however, this was not found in L-cells from humans with T2D, which exhibited decreased GLP-1 staining but maintained their SCGN expression. Gcg expression in isolated L-cells was increased along with pathways relating to GLP-1 secretion and electron transport chain activity in the HFD-STZ condition. Further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for this increase in GLP-1 secretion may give insights into therapies directed toward upregulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Biancolin
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyerin Jeong
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kimberly W Y Mak
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zixuan Yuan
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Correspondence: Patricia L. Brubaker, Ph.D., Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Singh PNP, Madha S, Leiter AB, Shivdasani RA. Cell and chromatin transitions in intestinal stem cell regeneration. Genes Dev 2022; 36:684-698. [PMID: 35738677 PMCID: PMC9296007 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349412.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The progeny of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) dedifferentiate in response to ISC attrition. The precise cell sources, transitional states, and chromatin remodeling behind this activity remain unclear. In the skin, stem cell recovery after injury preserves an epigenetic memory of the damage response; whether similar memories arise and persist in regenerated ISCs is not known. We addressed these questions by examining gene activity and open chromatin at the resolution of single Neurog3-labeled mouse intestinal crypt cells, hence deconstructing forward and reverse differentiation of the intestinal secretory (Sec) lineage. We show that goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells arise by multilineage priming in common precursors, followed by selective access at thousands of cell-restricted cis-elements. Selective ablation of the ISC compartment elicits speedy reversal of chromatin and transcriptional features in large fractions of precursor and mature crypt Sec cells without obligate cell cycle re-entry. ISC programs decay and reappear along a cellular continuum lacking discernible discrete interim states. In the absence of gross tissue damage, Sec cells simply reverse their forward trajectories, without invoking developmental or other extrinsic programs, and starting chromatin identities are effectively erased. These findings identify strikingly plastic molecular frameworks in assembly and regeneration of a self-renewing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik N P Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrew B Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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7
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Dietary antigens suppress the proliferation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells by restraining homeostatic IL-25 production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7443. [PMID: 35523930 PMCID: PMC9076687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary antigens affect the adaptive immunity of the host by inducing regulatory T cells and IgE-producing B cells. However, their roles in innate immune compartments such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are unclear. Here, using antigen-free (AF) mice, which are germ-free (GF) mice fed with amino-acid-based diet, we found dietary proteins suppress the development of GATA-3-expressing ILC2s independent of the adaptive immune cells. These cells produce more type 2 cytokines and upregulated proliferation and activation markers such as Ki-67, CD69, and CD25. With this, AF mice had increased expressions of tuft cell-specific transcripts such as Il25, Il33, Dclk1, Trpm5, and Pou2f3 in IECs. Accordingly, expanded ILC2s upregulated IL-17RB, a receptor of IL-25, and their proliferation was blocked by IL-25 neutralizing or IL-17RB blocking antibodies. These results suggest a new dialogue between dietary antigens, IECs, and ILCs in which dietary antigens suppress ILC2 activation and proliferation by restraining homeostatic IL-25 production, potentially limiting type 2 immunity by food antigens.
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Brown RE, Jacobse J, Anant SA, Blunt KM, Chen B, Vega PN, Jones CT, Pilat JM, Revetta F, Gorby AH, Stengel KR, Choksi YA, Palin K, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Lau KS, Goettel JA, Hiebert SW, Short SP, Williams CS. MTG16 (CBFA2T3) regulates colonic epithelial differentiation, colitis, and tumorigenesis by repressing E protein transcription factors. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153045. [PMID: 35503250 PMCID: PMC9220854 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epithelial differentiation and regeneration contribute to colon pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). MTG16 (CBFA2T3) is a transcriptional corepressor expressed in the colonic epithelium. MTG16 deficiency in mice exacerbates colitis and increases tumor burden in CAC, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identified MTG16 as a central mediator of epithelial differentiation, promoting goblet and restraining enteroendocrine cell development in homeostasis and enabling regeneration following dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Transcriptomic analyses implicated increased E box-binding transcription factor (E protein) activity in MTG16-deficient colon crypts. Using a novel mouse model with a point mutation that attenuates MTG16:E protein interactions (Mtg16P209T), we established that MTG16 exerts control over colonic epithelial differentiation and regeneration by repressing E protein-mediated transcription. Mimicking murine colitis, MTG16 expression was increased in biopsies from patients with active IBD compared to unaffected controls. Finally, uncoupling MTG16:E protein interactions partially phenocopied the enhanced tumorigenicity of Mtg16-/- colon in the azoxymethane(AOM)/DSS-induced model of CAC, indicating that MTG16 protects from tumorigenesis through additional mechanisms. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MTG16, via its repression of E protein targets, is a key regulator of cell fate decisions during colon homeostasis, colitis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Brown
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Shruti A Anant
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Koral M Blunt
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Bob Chen
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Paige N Vega
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Chase T Jones
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Frank Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Aidan H Gorby
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Kristy R Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized hormone-secreting cells that respond to both circulating and luminal cues. Collectively, EECs constitute the largest endocrine organ of the body and signal to a multitude of targets including locally to neighboring intestinal cells, enteric neurons, as well as systemically to other organs, such as the pancreas and brain. To accomplish their wide range of downstream signaling effects, EECs secrete multiple hormones; however, the mechanisms that influence EEC development in the embryo and differentiation in adults are not well defined. RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights the recent discoveries in EEC differentiation and function while also discussing newly revealed roles of transcription factors and signaling networks involved in the allocation of EEC subtypes that were discovered using a combination of novel intestinal model systems and genetic sequencing. We also discuss the potential of these new experimental models that study the mechanisms regulating EEC function and development both to uncover novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY Several EEC hormones are being used to treat various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that facilitate EEC formation is paramount to the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
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10
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Grinat J, Kosel F, Goveas N, Kranz A, Alexopoulou D, Rajewsky K, Sigal M, Stewart AF, Heuberger J. Epigenetic modifier balances Mapk and Wnt signalling in differentiation of goblet and Paneth cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101187. [PMID: 35064075 PMCID: PMC8807877 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase Mll1 controls intestinal secretory cell fate by promoting Wnt-driven Paneth and restricting Mapk-dependent goblet cell differentiation through regulation of Gata4/6 transcription factors Differentiation and lineage specification are controlled by cooperation of growth factor signalling. The involvement of epigenetic regulators in lineage specification remains largely elusive. Here, we show that the histone methyltransferase Mll1 prevents intestinal progenitor cells from differentiation, whereas it is also involved in secretory lineage specification of Paneth and goblet cells. Using conditional mutagenesis in mice and intestinal organoids, we demonstrate that loss of Mll1 renders intestinal progenitor cells permissive for Wnt-driven secretory differentiation. However, Mll1-deficient crypt cells fail to segregate Paneth and goblet cell fates. Mll1 deficiency causes Paneth cell-determined crypt progenitors to exhibit goblet cell features by unleashing Mapk signalling, resulting in increased numbers of mixed Paneth/goblet cells. We show that loss of Mll1 abolishes the pro-proliferative effect of Mapk signalling in intestinal progenitor cells and promotes Mapk-induced goblet cell differentiation. Our data uncover Mll1 and its downstream targets Gata4/6 as a regulatory hub of Wnt and Mapk signalling in the control of lineage specification of intestinal secretory Paneth and goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Grinat
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Kosel
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neha Goveas
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Heuberger
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany .,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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