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Ashoori M, Zoroofi RA, Sadeghi M. An Automatic Framework for Nasal Esthetic Assessment by ResNet Convolutional Neural Network. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024; 37:455-470. [PMID: 38343266 PMCID: PMC11031543 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-00973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Nasal base aesthetics is an interesting and challenging issue that attracts the attention of researchers in recent years. With that insight, in this study, we propose a novel automatic framework (AF) for evaluating the nasal base which can be useful to improve the symmetry in rhinoplasty and reconstruction. The introduced AF includes a hybrid model for nasal base landmarks recognition and a combined model for predicting nasal base symmetry. The proposed state-of-the-art nasal base landmark detection model is trained on the nasal base images for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessments. Then, the deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) models are integrated by concatenating their last hidden layer to evaluate the nasal base symmetry based on geometry features and tiled images of the nasal base. This study explores the concept of data augmentation by applying the methods motivated via commonly used image augmentation techniques. According to the experimental findings, the results of the AF are closely related to the otolaryngologists' ratings and are useful for preoperative planning, intraoperative decision-making, and postoperative assessment. Furthermore, the visualization indicates that the proposed AF is capable of predicting the nasal base symmetry and capturing asymmetry areas to facilitate semantic predictions. The codes are accessible at https://github.com/AshooriMaryam/Nasal-Aesthetic-Assessment-Deep-learning .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ashoori
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza A Zoroofi
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Wang X, Wu J, Zeng W, Yang K, Sun Y, Xiong X, Meng X, Li W, Yi Z, Fang B. A New Algorithm for Secondary Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1648-1655. [PMID: 37991199 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip palate (UCLP), cleft lip nasal deformities (CLNDs) (nasal asymmetry, collapsed nasal alae, and a widened alar base) are generally inevitable and often require secondary rhinoplasty. However, reconstructing a cleft nose with an alar tissue deficiency remains challenging for rhinoplasty surgeons. METHODS The manifestations of common deformities are described herein, and a secondary rhinoplasty technique for unilateral CLNDs using a nasolabial flap (NLF) has been proposed for patients with alar tissue deficiency. Secondary rhinoplasties were performed in 12 patients with unilateral CLNDs between 2020 and 2021 using a NLF. Photogrammetric measurements were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. A total of 12 flaps were successfully transferred. Ten patients were followed up for >1 year. RESULTS Significant postoperative decreases in nasal alar width were measured in both the base view (p < 0.050) and the frontal view (p < 0.050). Despite the additional facial scars that occurred in some cases, all patients were satisfied with the aesthetic effects. CONCLUSIONS The NLF achieved satisfactory results in secondary rhinoplasty of unilateral CLND for patients with nasal tissue deficiencies in whom the surgeon weighed the potential benefits over postoperative scarring. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 134:1648-1655, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xianxi Meng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Yi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bairong Fang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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Aljancic L, Rougier G, Neiva-Vaz C, Vazquez MP, Picard A, Kadlub N. Millard's modified technique in the reconstruction of bilateral cleft lip: Objective and subjective assessment. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:532-537. [PMID: 34752974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Aljancic
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Rougier
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Neiva-Vaz
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vazquez
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Université de Paris, 85 Boulevard Saint Germain 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France
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Where Is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review and Literature Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071269. [PMID: 35885796 PMCID: PMC9320442 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature research had two main objectives. The first objective was to quantify how frequently artificial intelligence (AI) was utilized in dental literature from 2011 until 2021. The second objective was to distinguish the focus of such publications; in particular, dental field and topic. The main inclusion criterium was an original article or review in English focused on dental utilization of AI. All other types of publications or non-dental or non-AI-focused were excluded. The information sources were Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, queried on 19 April 2022. The search string was “artificial intelligence” AND (dental OR dentistry OR tooth OR teeth OR dentofacial OR maxillofacial OR orofacial OR orthodontics OR endodontics OR periodontics OR prosthodontics). Following the removal of duplicates, all remaining publications were returned by searches and were screened by three independent operators to minimize the risk of bias. The analysis of 2011–2021 publications identified 4413 records, from which 1497 were finally selected and calculated according to the year of publication. The results confirmed a historically unprecedented boom in AI dental publications, with an average increase of 21.6% per year over the last decade and a 34.9% increase per year over the last 5 years. In the achievement of the second objective, qualitative assessment of dental AI publications since 2021 identified 1717 records, with 497 papers finally selected. The results of this assessment indicated the relative proportions of focal topics, as follows: radiology 26.36%, orthodontics 18.31%, general scope 17.10%, restorative 12.09%, surgery 11.87% and education 5.63%. The review confirms that the current use of artificial intelligence in dentistry is concentrated mainly around the evaluation of digital diagnostic methods, especially radiology; however, its implementation is expected to gradually penetrate all parts of the profession.
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Pietruski P, Majak M. The Concept of an Ideal Lips of Caucasian Male: An Anthropometric Analysis of the Lower Third of the Face. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:1130-1141. [PMID: 35290428 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lips play a significant role in determining the aesthetic perception of a human face. However, there is little data on the perioral region morphometry of attractive males. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the morphology of the lower third of the face, including the lips and jawline, of attractive young Caucasian males. METHODS A complex semi-automatic photogrammetric analysis of faces of male photo models (n=300) of the Caucasian race, aged 18-39 years old, was performed. Linear, angular, and surface area parameters were evaluated. In addition, an Average Body Contours (ABC) image was created, providing the graphical summarization of facial size and shapes of all analyzed individuals. RESULTS The height of the lower third of the face equaled 0.35 ± 0.03 of the total facial height. The average lip width was 50.98 ± 3.74 mm. The upper vermilion height was found significantly lower than the lower vermilion height (5.9 ± 1.62 vs. 11.15 ± 1.88 mm, p<0.01). The lip obliquity angle was found to be 1.01 o ± 0.73 o. The area surface of the lower lip vermilion was considerably larger than the vermilion of the upper lip (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The vast amount of morphometric data, including the novel presentation method as an ABC image, on the attractive male's lower third of the face, may provide the surgeons with practical guidelines for lips surgical and nonsurgical rejuvenation procedures. It may also support the perioral region reconstruction and sex reassignment surgery in achieving satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Gruca Orthopaedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Lips and noses in 10-year old patients with repaired complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus, and palate. A prospective three-centre study of the Baltic Cleft Network. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 50:246-253. [PMID: 34961665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This multicenter study aimed at comparing different techniques of lip and nose repair with or without NAM and primary anterior rhinoplasty in pre-adolescent children. Patients with unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus, and palate who had undergone cleft lip and nose repair were evaluated in a prospective three-centre study using standardized monochromatic, cropped photographs. Four cleft surgeons evaluated the aesthetics of the central part of the face when the patients had reached age ten years. Seventy-six sets of photographs out of 87 patients were evaluated. The overall ratings of lips and noses did not differ much between centres. However, noses of centres 1 (mean 0.74; SD 0.57) and 2 (mean 0.76; SD 0.60) had been rated better than centre 3 (mean 1.32; SD 0.78; p = 0.0078), especially "Deformation of upper part of nostril rim or poor position of alar cartilage". Centre 3 had produced better looking scars (mean 0.33; SD 0.48); p = 0.0036. Within the limitations of the study it seems that NAM and primary anterior rhinoplasty including postoperative nasal stents should be performed whenever possible in order to achieve a favorable shape of the nose and to reduce the need for secondary corrective surgery.
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Parsa S, Basagaoglu B, Mackley K, Aitson P, Kenkel J, Amirlak B. Current and Future Photography Techniques in Aesthetic Surgery. AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL OPEN FORUM 2021; 4:ojab050. [PMID: 35156020 PMCID: PMC8830310 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapidly increasing modalities and mediums of clinical photography, use of 3-dimensional (3D) and 4-dimensional (4D) patient modeling, and widening implementation of cloud-based storage and artificial intelligence (AI) call for an overview of various methods currently in use as well as future considerations in the field. Objectives Through a close look at the methods used in aesthetic surgery photography, clinicians will be able to select the modality best suited to their practice and goals. Methods Review and discussion of current data pertaining to: 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D clinical photography, current photography software, augmented reality reconstruction, AI photography, and cloud-based storage. Results Important considerations for current image capture include a device with a gridded viewing screen and high megapixel resolution, a tripod with leveling base, studio lighting with dual-sourced light, standardized matte finish background, and consistency in patient orientation. Currently, 3D and 4D photography devices offer advantages such as improved communication to the patient on outcome expectation and better quality of patient service and safety. AI may contribute to post-capture processing and 3D printing of postoperative outcomes. Current smartphones distort patient perceptions about their appearance and should be used cautiously in an aesthetic surgery setting. Cloud-based storage provides flexibility, cost, and ease of service while remaining vulnerable to data breaches. Conclusions While there are advancements to be made in the physical equipment and preparation for the photograph, the future of clinical photography will be heavily influenced by innovations in software and 3D and 4D modeling of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyon Parsa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Berkay Basagaoglu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kate Mackley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Aitson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bardia Amirlak
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Mikołajczyk M, Kasielska-Trojan A, Antoszewski B. A New Tool for Breast Anthropometric Measurements: Presentation and Validation for Women and Men. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:1160-1170. [PMID: 31372741 PMCID: PMC6746688 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anthropometric measurements of breasts are crucial for planning surgical procedures; however, there are no practical solutions for their quick, digital performance. The aim of the study was to present and validate a self-designed web application BreastIdea (BI) designed for indirect breast anthropometry. Methods Ten male and 10 female volunteers had their chests measured directly according to the routine clinical practice. Then their chests were photographed in non-standardised conditions. Corresponding measurements were performed using BI. Accuracy and both relative and absolute reliability of BI measurements were investigated. Results Breast assessments using BI yielded highly accurate results and presented near-perfect precision when compared to direct anthropometric measurements of the breast. Indirect anthropometry eliminates the necessity to trace the body’s curves, which usually introduces a bias to linear measurements. Conclusion BI web application is a reliable tool for indirect breast measurements in a clinical setting, providing accurate results regardless of chest pathology and photograph standardisation. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Mikołajczyk
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kasielska-Trojan
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Antoszewski
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland
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Pietruski P, Majak M, Antoszewski B. Clinically Oriented Software for Facial Symmetry, Morphology, and Aesthetic Analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 38:NP19-NP22. [PMID: 29117367 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Pietruski P, Majak M, Pawlowska E, Skiba A, Antoszewski B. A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 2: Comparative anthropometric analysis of patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:505-514. [PMID: 28258919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use a novel system, 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) for a complex anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region in patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and in healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A set of standardized facial photographs in frontal, lateral and submental view have been taken in 50 non-cleft controls (mean age 20.6 years) and 42 patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft and palate (mean age 19.57 years). Then, based on linear, angular and area measurements taken from the digital photographs with the aid of the A.I.D. system, a photogrammetric analysis of intergroup differences in nasolabial morphology and symmetry was conducted. RESULTS Patients with cleft lip and palate differed from the controls in terms of more than half of analysed angular measurements and proportion indices derived from linear and area measurements of the nasolabial region. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented herein imply that despite primary surgical repair, patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate still show some degree of nasolabial dysmorphology. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the novel computer system is suitable for a reliable, simple and time-efficient anthropometric analysis in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Skiba
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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