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Sohail M, Bashir MM, Bajwa MS, Farooq UK. Comparing definitive unilateral cleft rhinoplasty with and without diced-cartilage alar-base augmentation: A retrospective cohort study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023:S1010-5182(23)00078-1. [PMID: 37353403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the long-term aesthetic outcomes and satisfaction of patients who underwent two techniques of definitive unilateral cleft rhinoplasty. The two cohorts, comprising patients with mature unilateral cleft deformity, were managed with definitive rhinoplasty, either with or without diced-cartilage alar-base and peri-alar augmentation (ABPA). Thirty patients were included in each cohort. Anthropometric measurements, complications, patient satisfaction scores, and third-party surgeon assessment scores were reviewed. In both cohorts, anthropometric parameters improved. Rhinoplasty with ABPA was the superior cohort in terms of columellar length (10.3 ± 1.0 in the cohort with ABPA, compared with 7.9 ± 0.6 in the cohort without ABPA; p < 0.001), alar-base angle (0.2 ± 0.2, compared with 4.3 ± 0.3; p < 0.001), and columellar deviation (2.5 ± 1.4, compared with 10.3 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). This cohort also had more symmetry in nostril height and nostril width (p < 0.001), a lower recurrence rate (one case compared with 22 cases; p < 0.001), a higher patient satisfaction score (p = 0.002), and a higher surgeon assessment score (p < 0.001, Cronbach's alpha = 0.706, Kendall's coefficient of concordance = 0.787). Within the limitations of this study, it appears that the described technique for augmenting the alar-base and peri-alar maxillary area is manageable, and yields consistent long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/Mayo Burn Centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Hospital Rd, Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mustehsan Bashir
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/Mayo Burn Centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Hospital Rd, Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Suleman Bajwa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/Mayo Burn Centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Hospital Rd, Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Khalid Farooq
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/Mayo Burn Centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Hospital Rd, Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
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Facial Asymmetry Phenotypes in Adult Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e314-e319. [PMID: 36939920 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to classify and characterize facial asymmetry (FA) phenotypes in adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and skeletal class III malocclusion. The samples comprised 52 adult UCLP patients (36 men and 16 women; mean age, 22.43 y) who had undergone orthognathic surgery for correction of class III malocclusion. After measurement of 22 cephalometric parameters in posteroanterior cephalograms taken 1 month before orthognathic surgery, principal component analysis was performed to obtain 5 representative parameters [deviation (mm) of ANS (ANS-dev), maxillary central incisor contact point (Mx1-dev), and menton (Me-dev); cant (degree) of the maxillary anterior occlusal plane (MxAntOP-cant) and mandibular border (MnBorder-cant)]. K-means cluster analysis was conducted using these representative parameters. The differences in cephalometric parameters among the clusters were statistically analyzed. The FA phenotypes were classified into 4 types: No-cant-and-No-deviation type (cluster-4, n=16, 30.8%); MxMn-cant-MxMn-dev to the cleft-side type (cluster-3, n=4, 7.7%); Mx-cant-Mn-shift to the cleft-side type (cluster-2, n=15, 28.8%); and Mn-cant-Mn-dev to the noncleft-side type (cluster-1, n=17, 32.7%). Asymmetry in the maxilla and/or mandible were observed in 70% of patients. One third of patients (cluster-2 and cluster-3; sum, 36.5%) exhibited significant cant of MxAntOP induced by cleft and cant or shift of the mandible to the cleft side. Another one third of patients (cluster-1, 32.7%) demonstrated significant deviation and cant of the mandible to the noncleft-side despite cleft in the maxilla. This FA phenotype classification might be a basic guideline for diagnosis and treatment planning for UCLP patients.
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Alighieri C, Haeghebaert Y, Bettens K, Kissel I, D'haeseleer E, Meerschman I, Van Der Sanden R, Van Lierde K. Peer attitudes towards adolescents with speech disorders due to cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 165:111447. [PMID: 36701818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals with speech disorders are often judged more negatively than peers without speech disorders. A limited number of studies examined the attitudes of adolescents toward peers with speech disorders due to a cleft lip with or without a cleft of the palate (CL ± P). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the attitudes of peers toward the speech of adolescents with CL ± P. METHOD Seventy-eight typically developing adolescents (15-18 years, 26 boys, 52 girls) judged audio and audiovisual samples of two adolescents with CL ± P based on three attitude components, i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The degree of speech intelligibility was also scored by their peers. The study investigated whether the three attitudes were determined by speech intelligibility or appearance of an individual with CL ± P. Furthermore, the influence of knowing someone with a cleft, the age, and gender of the listeners on their attitudes were explored. RESULTS A significantly positive correlation was found between the speech intelligibility percentage and the three different attitude components: more positive attitudes were observed when the speech intelligibility of the speaker was higher. A different appearance due to a cleft lip does not lead to more negative attitudes. Furthermore, boys seem to have more negative attitudes toward individuals with CL ± P compared to girls. CONCLUSION This study provided additional evidence that peers show more negative attitudes toward adolescents with less intelligible speech due to CL ± P. Intervention should focus on changing the cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes of peers in a more positive direction and remove the stigma of patients with a cleft. Further research is needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ymke Haeghebaert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bettens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imke Kissel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Meerschman
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rani Van Der Sanden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract
Animal bodies in general and faces in particular show mirror symmetry with respect to the median-sagittal plane, with exceptions rarely occurring. Bilateral symmetry to the median sagittal plane of the body also evolved very early. From an evolutionary point of view, it should therefore have fundamental advantages, e.g., more effective locomotion and chewing abilities. On the other hand, the recognition of bilaterally symmetric patterns is an important module in our visual perception. In particular, the recognition of faces with different spatial orientations and their identification is strongly related to the recognition of bilateral symmetry. Maxillofacial surgery and Dentistry affect effective masticatory function and perceived symmetry of the lower third of the face. Both disciplines have the ability to eliminate or mitigate asymmetries with respect to form and function. In our review, we will demonstrate symmetric structures from single teeth to the whole face. We will further describe different approaches to quantify cranial, facial and dental asymmetries by using either landmarks or 3D surface models. Severe facial asymmetries are usually caused by malformations such as hemifacial hyperplasia, injury or other diseases such as Noma or head and neck cancer. This could be an important sociobiological reason for a correlation between asymmetry and perceived disfigurement. The aim of our review is to show how facial symmetry and attractiveness are related and in what way dental and facial structures and the symmetry of their shape and color influence aesthetic perception. We will further demonstrate how modern technology can be used to improve symmetry in facial prostheses and maxillofacial surgery.
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Dissaux C, Diop V, Wagner D, Talmant JC, Morand B, Bruant-Rodier C, Ruffenach L, Grollemund B. Aesthetic and psychosocial impact of dentofacial appearance after primary rhinoplasty for cleft lip and palate. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 49:914-922. [PMID: 34187731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate whether primary rhinoplasty shows aesthetic and psychosocial advantages for children with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. The second aim was to determine the satisfaction levels concerning the dentofacial appearance. Group A corresponded to patients from a center specialised in primary cheilo-rhinoplasty with 20 years' experience and Group B to patients who did not benefit from primary rhinoplasty. Children and their parents filled in a custom-designed satisfaction questionnaire on dentofacial appearance and its psychosocial impact. The variables studied were the main criterion (the nose) and secondary criteria (the upper lip, the smile, the profile and the face as a whole). 56 families consented to be involved in the study. The children did not rate statistically differently their social relationships if they had primary rhinoplasty or not. Parents however expressed very different views. They considered the nasal appearance of the children who had primary rhinoplasty as statistically more attractive and evaluated their psychosocial experience as significantly better. For the other parts of the face, in both groups, satisfaction levels of dentofacial appearance and psychosocial comfort were good (scores above 80/100). Yet, 44% of the families would go for further interventions, especially concerning the nose (13% of whom were in Group A and 42% in Group B). Within the limitations of this study, primary rhinoplasty seems to improve the patient's well-being and social life and, therefore, should be considered whenever appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dissaux
- Cleft Competence Center, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Site Hautepierre 2, Av Molière, Strasbourg 67091, France.
| | - Valérie Diop
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Pôle de médecine et chirurgie buccodentaires, Strasbourg University Hospital, Place de l'Hôpital 1, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Delphine Wagner
- Cleft Competence Center, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Site Hautepierre 2, Av Molière, Strasbourg 67091, France; Département d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Pôle de médecine et chirurgie buccodentaires, Strasbourg University Hospital, Place de l'Hôpital 1, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Claude Talmant
- Centre de compétence des fentes labio-palatines des Pays de la Loire, Clinique Jules Verne, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Morand
- Centre de compétence des fentes labio-palatines de Grenoble, CHU Michallon, Avenue Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Bruant-Rodier
- Cleft Competence Center, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Site Hautepierre 2, Av Molière, Strasbourg 67091, France
| | - Laeticia Ruffenach
- Cleft Competence Center, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Site Hautepierre 2, Av Molière, Strasbourg 67091, France
| | - Bruno Grollemund
- Cleft Competence Center, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Site Hautepierre 2, Av Molière, Strasbourg 67091, France
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