1
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Hashim PK, Abdrabou SSMA. Sub-100 nm carriers by template polymerization for drug delivery applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:693-707. [PMID: 38497369 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Size-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical sciences due to their potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimize side effects, and improve patient compliance. This review provides a concise overview of the preparation method, advancements, and applications of size-controlled drug delivery systems focusing on the sub-100 nm size DDSs. The importance of tailoring the size for achieving therapeutic goals is briefly mentioned. We highlight the concept of "template polymerization", a well-established method in covalent polymerization that offers precise control over molecular weight. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in crafting a monolayer of a polymer around biomolecule templates such as DNA, RNA, and protein, achieving the generation of DDSs with sizes ranging from several tens of nanometers. A few representative examples of small-size DDSs that share a conceptual similarity to "template polymerization" are also discussed. This review concludes by briefly discussing the drug release behaviors and the future prospects of "template polymerization" for the development of innovative size-controlled drug delivery systems, which promise to optimize drug delivery precision, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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2
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Egorova A, Shtykalova S, Maretina M, Freund S, Selutin A, Shved N, Selkov S, Kiselev A. Serum-Resistant Ternary DNA Polyplexes for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:34. [PMID: 38203202 PMCID: PMC10778803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a prevalent benign tumor in women that frequently gives rise to a multitude of reproductive complications. The use of suicide gene therapy has been proposed as a highly promising method for treating UL. To achieve successful gene therapy, it is essential to develop carriers that can efficiently transport nucleic acids into targeted cells and tissues. The instability of polyplexes in blood and other biological fluids is a crucial factor to consider when using non-viral carriers. In this study, we present serum-resistant and cRGD-modified DNA complexes for targeted delivery genes to UL cells. Ternary polyplexes were formed by incorporating cystine-cross-linked polyglutamic acid modified with histidine residues. We employed two techniques in the production of cross-linked polyanionic coating: matrix polymerization and oxidative polycondensation. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of ternary DNA complexes, including the size and zeta-potential of the nanoparticles. Additionally, we evaluated cellular uptake, toxicity levels, transfection efficiency and specificity in vitro. The study involved introducing the HSV-TK gene into primary UL cells as a form of suicide gene therapy modeling. We have effectively employed ternary peptide-based complexes for gene delivery into the UL organtypic model. By implementing in situ suicide gene therapy, the increase in apoptosis genes expression was detected, providing conclusive evidence of apoptosis occurring in the transfected UL tissues. The results of the study strongly suggest that the developed ternary polyplexes show potential as a valuable tool in the implementation of suicide gene therapy for UL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Alexander Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Shved
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sergei Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine Named after V.S. Baranov, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.F.); (N.S.)
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3
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Egorova A, Maretina M, Krylova I, Kiselev A. Polycondensed Peptide-Based Polymers for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Angiogenic siRNA to Treat Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:13. [PMID: 38203184 PMCID: PMC10778610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a prevalent gynecological disease characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue similar to the endometrium outside of the uterus. This condition is accompanied by the development of new blood vessels in endometriotic lesions. While surgical intervention is effective in removing endometriotic lesions, some patients require multiple surgeries. Therefore, finding non-surgical treatments for EM is of great interest. One of the promising approaches is anti-angiogenic therapy using siRNA-therapeutics to target the expression of the VEGFA gene. Peptide-based polymers have shown promise as siRNA delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and ease of modification. We conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of the R6p-cRGD peptide carrier as a non-viral vehicle for delivering siRNA to endothelial cells in vitro and endometrial implants in vivo. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the siRNA-complexes, assessed cellular toxicity, and examined the efficiency of GFP and VEGFA genes silencing. Furthermore, we tested the anti-angiogenic effects of these complexes in cellular and animal models. The transfection with siRNA complexes led to a significant increase in VEGFA gene knockdown efficiency and a decrease in the migration of endothelial cells. For the animal model, we induced endometriosis in rats by transplanting endometrial tissue subcutaneously. We evaluated the efficiency of anti-angiogenic therapy for EM in vivo using anti-VEGF siRNA/R6p-RGD complexes. During this assessment, we measured the volume of the implants, analyzed VEGFA gene expression, and conducted CD34 immunohistochemical staining. The results showed a significant decrease in the growth of endometriotic implants and in VEGFA gene expression. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of the R6p-cRGD peptide carrier as a delivery system for anti-angiogenic therapy of EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Iuliia Krylova
- Department of Pathology, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L’va Tolstogo Street 6-8, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (M.M.)
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Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for αvβ3 Integrin-Targeted DNA Delivery to Cancer and Uterine Leiomyoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238363. [PMID: 36500454 PMCID: PMC9741203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the reproductive system. Current therapeutic options do not simultaneously meet the requirements of long-term efficiency and fertility preservation. Suicide gene delivery can be proposed as a novel approach to uterine leiomyoma therapy. Non-viral vehicles are an attractive approach to DNA delivery for gene therapy of both malignant and benign tumors. Peptide-based vectors are among the most promising candidates for the development of artificial viruses, being able to efficiently cross barriers of DNA transport to cells. Here we described nanoparticles composed of cysteine-crosslinked polymer and histidine-arginine-rich peptide modified with iRGD moiety and characterized them as vehicles for plasmid DNA delivery to pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells and the uterine leiomyoma cell model. Several variants of nanoparticles were formulated with different targeting ligand content. The physicochemical properties that were studied included DNA binding and protection, interaction with polyanions and reducing agents, size, structure and zeta-potential of the peptide-based nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and gene transfection efficiency were assessed in PANC-1 cells with GFP and LacZ-encoding plasmids. The specificity of gene transfection via αvβ3 integrin binding was proved in competitive transfection. The therapeutic potential was evaluated in a uterine leiomyoma cell model using the suicide gene therapy approach. The optimal formulation was found to be at the polyplex with the highest iRGD moiety content being able to transfect cells more efficiently than control PEI. Suicide gene therapy using the best formulation resulted in a significant decrease of uterine leiomyoma cells after ganciclovir treatment. It can be concluded that the application of iRGD-modified peptide-based nanoparticles has a high potential for cellular delivery of DNA therapeutics in favor of uterine leiomyoma gene therapy.
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Su L, Sun Z, Qi F, Su H, Qian L, Li J, Zuo L, Huang J, Yu Z, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang S. GRP75-driven, cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca 2+ nanoparticles underlies distinct gene therapy effect in ovarian cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:340. [PMID: 35858873 PMCID: PMC9301890 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Practice of tumor-targeted suicide gene therapy is hampered by unsafe and low efficient delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Using HIV-Tat-derived peptide (Tat) to non-covalently form Tat/pDNA complexes advances the delivery performance. However, this innovative approach is still limited by intracellular delivery efficiency and cell-cycle status. In this study, Tat/pDNA complexes were further condensed into smaller, nontoxic nanoparticles by Ca2+ addition. Formulated Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles mainly use macropinocytosis for intercellular delivery, and their macropinocytic uptake was persisted in mitosis (M-) phase and highly activated in DNA synthesis (S-) phase of cell-cycle. Over-expression or phosphorylation of a mitochondrial chaperone, 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75), promoted monopolar spindle kinase 1 (MPS1)-controlled centrosome duplication and cell-cycle progress, but also driven cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles. Further in vivo molecular imaging based on DF (Fluc-eGFP)-TF (RFP-Rluc-HSV-ttk) system showed that Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles exhibited highly suicide gene therapy efficiency in mouse model xenografted with human ovarian cancer. Furthermore, arresting cell-cycle at S-phase markedly enhanced delivery performance of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles, whereas targeting GRP75 reduced their macropinocytic delivery. More importantly, in vivo targeting GRP75 combined with cell-cycle or macropinocytosis inhibitors exhibited distinct suicide gene therapy efficiency. In summary, our data highlight that mitochondrial chaperone GRP75 moonlights as a biphasic driver underlying cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Su
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fangzheng Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huishan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Luomeng Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zuo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhinan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Van de Vyver T, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Modulating intracellular pathways to improve non-viral delivery of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114041. [PMID: 34763002 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics (e.g. siRNA, oligonucleotides, mRNA, etc.) show great potential for the treatment of a myriad of diseases. However, to reach their site of action in the cytosol or nucleus of target cells, multiple intra- and extracellular barriers have to be surmounted. Several non-viral delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and conjugates, have been successfully developed to meet this requirement. Unfortunately, despite these clear advances, state-of-the-art delivery agents still suffer from relatively low intracellular delivery efficiencies. Notably, our current understanding of the intracellular delivery process is largely oversimplified. Gaining mechanistic insight into how RNA formulations are processed by cells will fuel rational design of the next generation of delivery carriers. In addition, identifying which intracellular pathways contribute to productive RNA delivery could provide opportunities to boost the delivery performance of existing nanoformulations. In this review, we discuss both established as well as emerging techniques that can be used to assess the impact of different intracellular barriers on RNA transfection performance. Next, we highlight how several modulators, including small molecules but also genetic perturbation technologies, can boost RNA delivery by intervening at differing stages of the intracellular delivery process, such as cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, endosomal escape, autophagy and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Egorova A, Shtykalova S, Maretina M, Selutin A, Shved N, Deviatkin D, Selkov S, Baranov V, Kiselev A. Polycondensed Peptide Carriers Modified with Cyclic RGD Ligand for Targeted Suicide Gene Delivery to Uterine Fibroid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1164. [PMID: 35163086 PMCID: PMC8835468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy was suggested as a possible strategy for the treatment of uterine fibroids (UFs), which are the most common benign tumors inwomen of reproductive age. For successful suicide gene therapy, DNAtherapeutics should be specifically delivered to UF cells. Peptide carriers are promising non-viral gene delivery systems that can be easily modified with ligands and other biomolecules to overcome DNA transfer barriers. Here we designed polycondensed peptide carriers modified with a cyclic RGD moiety for targeted DNA delivery to UF cells. Molecular weights of the resultant polymers were determined, and inclusion of the ligand was confirmed by MALDI-TOF. The physicochemical properties of the polyplexes, as well as cellular DNA transport, toxicity, and transfection efficiency were studied, and the specificity of αvβ3 integrin-expressing cell transfection was proved. The modification with the ligand resulted in a three-fold increase of transfection efficiency. Modeling of the suicide gene therapy by transferring the HSV-TK suicide gene to primary cells obtained from myomatous nodes of uterine leiomyoma patients was carried out. We observed up to a 2.3-fold decrease in proliferative activity after ganciclovir treatment of the transfected cells. Pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression analysis confirmed our findings that the developed polyplexes stimulate UF cell death in a suicide-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Alexander Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Shved
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Dmitriy Deviatkin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Sergey Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Vladislav Baranov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (N.S.); (D.D.); (V.B.)
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8
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Coelho F, Salonen LM, Silva BFB. Hemiacetal-linked pH-sensitive PEG-lipids for non-viral gene delivery. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipid–DNA complexes containing a novel hemiacetal PEG-lipid for endosomal escape were characterized in terms of pH-response, stability, and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Coelho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M. Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno F. B. Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Hashemzadeh I, Hasanzadeh A, Radmanesh F, Khodadadi Chegeni B, Hosseini ES, Kiani J, Shahbazi A, Naseri M, Fatahi Y, Nourizadeh H, Kheiri Yeghaneh Azar B, Aref AR, Liu Y, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Carbon Dots for Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Complexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7979-7992. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Hashemzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Radmanesh
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Khodadadi Chegeni
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Helena Nourizadeh
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Behjat Kheiri Yeghaneh Azar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
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10
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Thomas J, Punia K, Montclare JK. Peptides as key components in the design of
non‐viral
vectors for gene delivery. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Thomas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Biochemistry SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Kamia Punia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Biochemistry SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York New York USA
- Department of Biomaterials New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
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Dave KM, Han L, Jackson MA, Kadlecik L, Duvall CL, S Manickam D. DNA Polyplexes of a Phosphorylcholine-Based Zwitterionic Polymer for Gene Delivery. Pharm Res 2020; 37:176. [PMID: 32860072 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested polyplexes of a diblock polymer containing a pH-responsive, endosomolytic core (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate; DB) and a zwitterionic Poly (methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) corona for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to glioblastoma cells. METHODS We studied the physicochemical characteristics of the DNA polyplexes such as particle hydrodynamic diameter and surface potential. Cytocompatibility of free PMPC-DB polymer and pDNA polyplexes with U-87MG and U-138MG glioma cell lines were evaluated using the ATP assay. The transfection activity of luciferase pDNA polyplexes was measured using a standard luciferase assay. Anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and cell migration inhibitory activities of PMPC-DB/Interferon-beta (IFN-β1) pDNA polyplexes were examined using ATP assay, flow cytometry, and wound closure assay, respectively. RESULTS PMPC-DB copolymer condensed pDNA into nanosized polyplexes. DNA polyplexes showed particle diameters ranging from ca. 100-150 nm with narrow polydispersity indices and near electroneutral zeta potential values. PMPC-DB/Luciferase pDNA polyplexes were safe and showed an 18-fold increase in luciferase expression compared to the gold standard PEI polyplexes in U-87MG cells. PMPC-DB/IFN-β1 polyplexes induced apoptosis, demonstrated anti-proliferative effects, and retarded cell migration in glioblastoma cells. CONCLUSION The results described herein should guide the future optimization of PMPC-DB/DNA delivery systems for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandarp M Dave
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Linjiang Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lindsay Kadlecik
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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12
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Egorova AA, Shtykalova SV, Maretina MA, Selyutin AV, Shved NY, Krylova NV, Ilina AV, Pyankov IA, Freund SA, Selkov SA, Baranov VS, Kiselev AV. Cys-Flanked Cationic Peptides For Cell Delivery of the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Polyplexes for gene and nucleic acid delivery: Progress and bottlenecks. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105358. [PMID: 32360232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene and nucleic acid delivery constitute a huge biological challenge and several attempts have been made by research laboratories to address this issue. Cationic polymers and cationic lipids (positively charged carriers) can be utilized for the transport of these biomolecules. Polyplexes (PPs) are interpolyelectrolyte complexes which are spontaneously formed through the electrostatic condensation between nucleic acid and a cationic polymer. PPs are capable of high-density payload condensation leading to cell internalization and subsequent protection from enzymatic degradation. Most cationic polymers can cross extracellular barriers, but it is more challenging to overcome intracellular barriers (efficient disassembly and endosomal escape). In this review, the use of PPs for gene and nucleic acid delivery is discussed.
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Costa D, Albuquerque T, Queiroz JA, Valente AJM. A co-delivery platform based on plasmid DNA peptide-surfactant complexes: formation, characterization and release behavior. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:430-438. [PMID: 30908999 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of delivery systems based on cell penetrating peptides represents an incredible asset and may deeply contribute for the evolution of therapies efficacy. In this context, we explore the plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation ability of TAT peptide to produce a suitable intracellular delivery platform. The nanoparticles were formed at various ratios of nitrogen to phosphate groups (N/P) and the variation of polyplexes properties with this parameter was studied. Beyond the large size exhibited by these carriers, their low pDNA immobilization profile instigates the need for an additional compacting agent. To maximize the performance of this peptide delivery system, a series of alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants (CnTAB) were employed to further condense pDNA. In general, not only this strategy promotes the formation of lower sized vectors, but also greatly enhances particle characteristics such as surface charge and pDNA encapsulation. The magnitude of this effect is intimately dependent on surfactant chain length. Furthermore, the known cytotoxicity of cationic surfactants has been dramatically reduced by their incorporation into TAT/pDNA complexes. The release kinetics can be tailored and optimized to promote the controlled/sustained release of pDNA. Following this, the surfactant alkyl chain length and the N/P ratio are important controlling parameters. In addition, doxorubicin and paclitaxel can be efficiently loaded and encapsulated into peptide/pDNA/surfactant carriers. The presented platform reveals a great potential for therapeutic payloads loading and controlled release open advanced and new approaches in the design/formulation of innovative biomedical systems towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Brock DJ, Kondow-McConaghy HM, Hager EC, Pellois JP. Endosomal Escape and Cytosolic Penetration of Macromolecules Mediated by Synthetic Delivery Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:293-304. [PMID: 30462487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell delivery reagents often exploit the endocytic pathway as a route of cell entry. Once endocytosed, these reagents must overcome endosomal entrapment to ensure the release of their macromolecular cargo into the cytosol of cells. In this review, we describe several examples of prototypical synthetic reagents that are capable of endosomal escape and examine their mechanisms of action, their efficiencies, and their effects on cells. Although these delivery systems are chemically distinct, some commonalities in how they interact with cellular membranes can be inferred. This, in turn, sheds some light on the process of endosomal escape, and may help guide the development and optimization of next-generation delivery tools.
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16
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Xie L, Ding X, Budry R, Mao G. Layer-by-layer DNA films incorporating highly transfecting bioreducible poly(amido amine) and polyethylenimine for sequential gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4943-4960. [PMID: 30214199 PMCID: PMC6124456 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method offers a molecular level control of the amount and spatial distribution of bioactive molecules. However, successful clinical translation of LbL film technology will most certainly require a better understanding and control of not only the film assembly process, but also film disassembly kinetics in physiologic conditions. Purpose This work focuses on the understanding and control of degradation properties of LbL films for localized gene delivery. Methods Bioreducible poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) containing cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA), methylenebisacrylamide, and 5-amino-1-pentanol (APOL) were synthesized by Michael addition polymerization for the construction of bioreducible LbL films capable of sequential gene delivery. Results The synthesized PAAs were screened for desirable buffering capacity, cell transfection, and cytotoxicity characteristics together with 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and cross-linked 800 Da PEI. By screening the various polycations we were able to identify a copolymer of CBA and APOL for the subsequent construction of the LbL films. By incorporating a highly transfecting polycation and a nondiffusing polycation we were able to improve the overall transfection of HEK293 and MC3T3 cells from the bioreducible LbL films. We also demonstrated the dual-stage release and transfection of two different DNAs from the LbL films. Conclusion The results indicate that LbL films consisting of bioreducible PAAs and non-diffusing polyelectrolytes have excellent degradation properties for the development of LbL coating technology for localized gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Xiong Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Rachel Budry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
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17
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Ahmed M. Peptides, polypeptides and peptide–polymer hybrids as nucleic acid carriers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2188-2211. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide, polypeptide and polymer–peptide hybrid based nucleic acid therapeutics (NAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry & School of Sustainable Design and Engineering
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
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18
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Yoo J, Lee D, Gujrati V, Rejinold NS, Lekshmi KM, Uthaman S, Jeong C, Park IK, Jon S, Kim YC. Bioreducible branched poly(modified nona-arginine) cell-penetrating peptide as a novel gene delivery platform. J Control Release 2016; 246:142-154. [PMID: 27170226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used to deliver nucleic acid molecules. Generally, CPPs consisting of short amino acid sequences have a linear structure, resulting in a weak complexation and low transfection efficacy. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel type of CPP is required to enhance the delivery efficacy while maintaining its safe use at the same time. Herein, we report that a bioreducible branched poly-CPP structure capable of responding to reducing conditions attained both outstanding delivery effectiveness and selective gene release in carcinoma cells. Branched structures provide unusually strong electrostatic attraction between DNA and siRNA molecules, thereby improving the transfection capability through a tightly condensed form. We designed a modified type of nona-arginine (mR9) and synthesized a branched-mR9 (B-mR9) using disulfide bonds. A novel B-mR9/pDNA polyplex exhibited redox-cleavability and high transfection efficacy compared to conventional CPPs, with higher cell viability as well. B-mR9/VEGF siRNA polyplex exhibited significant serum stability and high gene-silencing effects in vitro. Furthermore, the B-mR9 polyplex showed outstanding tumor accumulation and inhibition ability in vivo. The results suggest that the bioreducible branched poly CPP has great potential as a gene delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisang Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - N Sanoj Rejinold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamali Manickavasagam Lekshmi
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanuk Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Fabrication of dual responsive co-delivery system based on three-armed peptides for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2016; 92:25-35. [PMID: 27031930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introducing drugs into gene delivery systems to fabricate co-delivery systems for synergy therapy has become a promising strategy for tumor therapy. In this study, a dual responsive co-delivery system RHD/p53 was fabricated to enhance the antitumor efficacy with a low dose of doxorubicin (DOX). The reducible branched cationic polypeptide (RBCP), which was cross-linked via the thiol groups of two three-armed cationic peptides (CRR)2KRRC and (CHH)2KHHC, was designated as RH. Then, DOX was immobilized on RH via pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds to obtain RHD. The positively charged RHD could compress p53 plasmid to form RHD/p53 complexes. After RHD/p53 complexes accumulated in tumor sites, the ability of cell penetrating by cationic peptide (CRR)2KRRC would facilitate the cellular internalization of complexes. Then, the complexes would be trapped in endosome, and the cleavage of hydrazone bonds in the intracellular acidic endosome could lead to pH-induced release of DOX. Additionally, the ability of protonation by (CHH)2KHHC could promote the escape of complexes from endosome to cytoplasm. Due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds triggered by the high-content GSH in cytoplasm, the complexes would be degraded and released p53 for co-therapy to improve antitumor efficacy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that dual responsive co-delivery system RHD/p53 could enhance antitumor efficacy, which provides a useful strategy for co-delivery of different therapeutic agents in tumor treatment.
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20
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Bishop CJ, Kozielski KL, Green JJ. Exploring the role of polymer structure on intracellular nucleic acid delivery via polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 219:488-499. [PMID: 26433125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular nucleic acid delivery has the potential to treat many genetically-based diseases, however, gene delivery safety and efficacy remains a challenging obstacle. One promising approach is the use of polymers to form polymeric nanoparticles with nucleic acids that have led to exciting advances in non-viral gene delivery. Understanding the successes and failures of gene delivery polymers and structures is the key to engineering optimal polymers for gene delivery in the future. This article discusses the polymer structural features that enable effective intracellular delivery of DNA and RNA, including protection of nucleic acid cargo, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, vector unpacking, and delivery to the intracellular site of activity. The chemical properties that aid in each step of intracellular nucleic acid delivery are described and specific structures of note are highlighted. Understanding the chemical design parameters of polymeric nucleic acid delivery nanoparticles is important to achieving the goal of safe and effective non-viral genetic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, Oncology, and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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21
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Kim HA, Lee HL, Choi E, Kim YH, Lee M. Reducible Poly(Oligo-D-Arginine) as an Efficient Carrier of the Thymidine Kinase Gene in the Intracranial Glioblastoma Animal Model. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3743-3751. [PMID: 26178805 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been considered as an alternative treatment for glioblastoma therapy. In this study, a glioblastoma-specific suicide gene, pEpo-NI2-SV-TK, was delivered into the intracranial glioblastoma model using reducible poly(oligo-d-arginines) (rPOA). pEpo-NI2-SV-TK has the erythropoietin (Epo) enhancer and the nestin intron 2 (NI2) for glioblastoma specific gene expression. The in vitro studies showed that the rPOA formed stable complexes with pEpo-NI2-SV-TK. In the MTT and TUNEL assays, rPOA showed lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k). In addition, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex induced higher glioblastoma cell death under hypoxic condition than normoxic condition, suggesting that pEpo-NI2-SV-TK induced gene expression in the hypoxic tumor tissue. For in vivo therapeutic efficacy evaluation, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex was injected into the brains of an intracranial glioblastoma rat model. The rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected group had a significantly reduced tumor size, compared with the control and the PEI25k/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected group. The TUNEL assay showed that the rPOA-pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex had more apoptotic cells than the control and PEI25k/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected groups. These results suggest that the rPOA is an efficient carrier for pEpo-NI2-SV-TK and increased the therapeutic efficacy in the intracranial glioblastoma models. Therefore, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex may be useful for glioblastoma specific gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Lin Lee
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Chen S, Rong L, Jia HZ, Qin SY, Zeng X, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Co-delivery of proapoptotic peptide and p53 DNA by reduction-sensitive polypeptides for cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The xPolyR8–KLA(TPP)/p53 complex releases the p53 gene and C-KLA(TPP) in the cytoplasm, and initiates a more efficient cell apoptosis due to the regulation of both apoptotic pathways through p53 and C-KLA(TPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Lei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Hui-Zhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Si-Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
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Paiphansiri U, Baier G, Kreyes A, Yiamsawas D, Koynov K, Musyanovych A, Landfester K. Glutathione-Responsive DNA-Based Nanocontainers Through an “Interfacial Click” Reaction in Inverse Miniemulsion. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Paiphansiri
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Grit Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Kreyes
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Doungporn Yiamsawas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Anna Musyanovych
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Oupický D, Li J. Bioreducible polycations in nucleic acid delivery: past, present, and future trends. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:908-22. [PMID: 24678057 PMCID: PMC4410047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycations that are degradable by reduction of disulfide bonds are developed for applications in delivery of nucleic acids. This Feature Article surveys methods of synthesis of bioreducible polycations and discusses current understanding of the mechanism of action of bioreducible polyplexes. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the biological redox environment and toxicity, trafficking, transfection activity, and in vivo behavior of bioreducible polycations and polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oupický
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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Sharma R, Nisakar D, Shivpuri S, Ganguli M. Contrasting effects of cysteine modification on the transfection efficiency of amphipathic peptides. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6563-75. [PMID: 24816284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of DNA to cells remains a key challenge towards development of gene therapy. A better understanding of the properties involved in stability and transfection efficiency of the vector could critically contribute to the improvement of delivery vehicles. In the present work we have chosen two peptides differing only in amphipathicity and explored how presence of cysteine affects DNA uptake and transfection efficiency. We report an unusual observation that addition of cysteine selectively increases transfection efficiency of secondary amphipathic peptide (Mgpe-9) and causes a drop in the primary amphipathic peptide (Mgpe-10). Our results point the effect of cysteine is dictated by the importance of physicochemical properties of the carrier peptide. We also report a DNA delivery agent Mgpe-9 exhibiting high transfection efficiency in multiple cell lines (including hard-to-transfect cell lines) with minimal cytotoxicity which can be further explored for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpal Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Daniel Nisakar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Shivangi Shivpuri
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India.
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26
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Yamano S, Dai J, Hanatani S, Haku K, Yamanaka T, Ishioka M, Takayama T, Yuvienco C, Khapli S, Moursi AM, Montclare JK. Long-term efficient gene delivery using polyethylenimine with modified Tat peptide. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1705-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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An S, Park JS. Nonviral Gene Delivery by a Novel Protein Transduction Domain. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. Bioengineered nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:449-68. [PMID: 23821336 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been an important laboratory tool in the last two decades and has allowed researchers to better understand the functions of nonprotein-coding genes through RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi holds great promise for this purpose as well as for treatment of many diseases, efforts at using siRNA have been hampered by the difficulty of safely and effectively introducing it into cells of interest, both in vitro and in vivo. To overcome this challenge, many biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and optimized for siRNA delivery, often taking cues from the DNA delivery field, although different barriers exist for these two types of molecules. In this review, we discuss general properties of biomaterials and nanoparticles that are necessary for effective nucleic acid delivery. We also discuss specific examples of bioengineered materials, including lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, inorganic NPs, and RNA-based NPs, which clearly illustrate the problems and successes in siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alhakamy NA, Berkland CJ. Polyarginine molecular weight determines transfection efficiency of calcium condensed complexes. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1940-8. [PMID: 23534410 PMCID: PMC4207646 DOI: 10.1021/mp3007117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been extensively studied in polyelectrolyte complexes as a means to enhance the transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Increasing the molecular weight of CPPs often enhances gene expression but poses a risk of increased cytotoxicity and immunogenicity compared to low molecular weight CCPs. Conversely, low molecular weight CPPs typically have low transfection efficiency due to large complex size. Complexes made using low molecular weight CPPs were found to be condensed to a small size by adding calcium. In this study, complexes of low molecular weight polyarginine and pDNA were condensed with calcium. These complexes showed high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity in A549 carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells. The relationships between transfection efficiency and polyarginine size (5, 7, 9, or 11 amino acids), polyarginine/pDNA charge ratios, and calcium concentrations were studied. Polyarginine 7 was significantly more effective than other polyarginines under most formulation conditions, suggesting a link between cell penetration ability and transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
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Qu W, Chen S, Ren S, Jiang XJ, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. A bioreducible polypeptide for efficient gene transfection both in vitro and in vivo. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bioreducible polypeptide containing cell-penetrating sequence for efficient gene delivery. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1968-78. [PMID: 23604924 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design excellent polypeptide-based gene vectors and determine the gene delivery efficiency. METHODS Polypeptides (designated as xPolyK6, xPolyK6-R81 and xPolyK6-R82), comprising the DNA condensing and buffering peptide HK6H as well as cell penetrating peptide (CPP) R8 were obtained by the oxidative polymerization of CHK6HC and CR8C at different molar ratios in 4 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 30% (v/v) DMSO at room temperature for 96 h. The cytotoxicity of vectors was studied by MTT assay. Moreover, particle size, zeta potential and morphology along with the in vitro transfection efficiency and cellular uptake of vector/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes were characterized at various w/w ratios to determine their potential in gene therapy. RESULTS All the vectors presented excellent ability of binding and condensing pDNA, additionally with low cytotoxicity. Simultaneously, transfection efficiency of the vectors appeared apparent dependence on the vector composition. The distinct correlation between the content of CR8C with the transfection efficiency demonstrated the effective improvement in transfection efficacy by the oxidative polymerization. Particularly, xPolyK6-R82 possessed the highest transfection efficiency at a w/w ratio of 50. Furthermore, xPolyK6-R82 also presented the best cellular uptake capability demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Bioreducible polypeptides incorporating with proper amount of CPP are promising as effective non-viral gene vectors in gene therapy.
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Alexander C, Fernandez Trillo F. Bioresponsive Polyplexes and Micelleplexes. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736800-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acids (NAs) is hindered by several factors, such as the size of the biomolecule (micron size for plasmid DNA), the presence of different biological barriers or the degradation of NAs. Most of these limitations are avoided by complexation with polycationic species, which collapse NAs into nanometer-sized polyplexes that can be efficiently internalized into the target cells. Because there are subtle changes in physiological conditions, such as the drop in pH at the endosome, or the increase in temperature in tumor tissue, stimuli responsive synthetic polymers are ideal candidates for the synthesis of efficient gene delivery vehicles. In this chapter, representative examples of “smart” polypexes that exploit these changes in physiological environment for the delivery of NAs are described, and the transfection efficiency of pH-, redox-, temperature- and light-responsive polyplexes is analyzed.
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Yang J, Wang HY, Yi WJ, Gong YH, Zhou X, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. PEGylated peptide based reductive polycations as efficient nonviral gene vectors. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184839 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the critical barriers in gene delivery, a series of reducible polycations (RPCs) based on low molecular weight (LMW) peptides, i.e. PolyHK6 H, PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 , PolyHK6 H-mPEG2 , and PolyHK6 H-mPEG3 , with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contents, are synthesized and evaluated as nonviral gene vectors. All the RPCs exhibit lower cytotoxicity compared with 25 kDa polyethyleneimine (PEI) and PEGylated PEI (PEI-mPEG: PEI-mPEG1 , PEI-mPEG2 , and PEI-mPEG3 ). PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 and PolyHK6 H-mPEG2 can bind and condense plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) efficiently with a particle size of about 200 nm. Moreover, they display much higher transfection efficiency than that of 25 kDa PEI especially in serum-supplemented medium. Moreover, PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 has equal transfection efficiency with PEI-mPEG1 which is optimal in the PEI-mPEG, but PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 exhibits significantly lower cytotoxicity than PEI-mPEG1 . This is attributed to the fact that inter-peptide disulfide bonds can increase the stability of RPCs/pDNA complexes in extracellular environment and thereafter cleave in cytoplasm to facilitate the release of pDNA in intracellular environment. The PEGylated RPCs demonstrate here improved intracellular gene transfer performance and will have great potential applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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34
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Yang S, Chen Y, Ahmadie R, Ho EA. Advancements in the field of intravaginal siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2013; 167:29-39. [PMID: 23298612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal tract is a suitable site for the administration of both local and systemic acting drugs. There are numerous vaginal products on the market such as those approved for contraception, treatment of yeast infection, hormonal replacement therapy, and feminine hygiene. Despite the potential in drug delivery, the vagina is a complex and dynamic organ that requires greater understanding. The recent discovery that injections of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) results in potent gene specific silencing, was a major scientific revolution. This phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi), is believed to protect host genome against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as transposons and viruses. Gene silencing or RNAi has opened new potential opportunities to study the function of a gene in an organism. Furthermore, its therapeutic potential is being investigated in the field of sexually transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, respiratory disease, and cancer. This review will focus on the therapeutic potential of siRNA for the treatment and/or prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV, HPV, and HSV within the vaginal tract. Specifically, formulation design parameters to improve siRNA stability and therapeutic efficacy in the vaginal tract will be discussed along with challenges, advancements, and future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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35
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Kiselev A, Egorova A, Laukkanen A, Baranov V, Urtti A. Characterization of reducible peptide oligomers as carriers for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:736-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Maji S, Mitschang F, Chen L, Jin Q, Wang Y, Agarwal S. Functional Poly(Dimethyl Aminoethyl Methacrylate) by Combination of Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization and Click Chemistry for Biomedical Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Son S, Namgung R, Kim J, Singha K, Kim WJ. Bioreducible polymers for gene silencing and delivery. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1100-12. [PMID: 22129162 DOI: 10.1021/ar200248u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric gene delivery vectors show great potential for the construction of the ideal gene delivery system. These systems harness their ability to incorporate versatile functional traits to overcome most impediments encountered in gene delivery: from the initial complexation to their target-specific release of the therapeutic nucleic acids at the cytosol. Among the numerous multifunctional polymers that have been designed and evaluated as gene delivery vectors, polymers with redox-sensitive (or bioreducible) functional domains have gained great attention in terms of their structural and functional traits. The redox environment plays a pivotal role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and natural redox potential gradients exist between extra- and intracellular space and between the exterior and interior of subcellular organelles. In some cases, researchers have designed the polymeric delivery vectors to exploit these gradients. For example, researchers have taken advantage of the high redox potential gradient between oxidizing extracellular space and the reducing environment of cytosolic compartments by integrating disulfide bonds into the polymer structure. Such polymers retain their cargo in the extracellular space but selectively release the therapeutic nucleic acids in the reducing space within the cytosol. Furthermore, bioreducible polymers form stable complex with nucleic acids, and researchers can fabricate these structures to impart several important features such as site-, timing-, and duration period-specific gene expression. Additionally, the introduction of disulfide bonds within these polymers promotes their biodegradability and limits their cytotoxicity. Many approaches have demonstrated the versatility of bioreducible gene delivery, but the underlying biological rationale of these systems remains poorly understood. The process of disulfide reduction depends on multiple variables in the cellular redox environment. Therefore, the quest to unravel various issues such as the site and time of disulfide bond reduction during the cellular uptake and trafficking have stimulated a number of interesting studies which have employed disulfide compounds with a variety of reducible linkers. Such studies help researchers understand not only how modifications made to disulfides can alter their thiol-disulfide exchange characteristics but also to decipher the effect of the induced changes on the dynamics of the redox environment. This Account discusses current research trends and recent progress in the disulfide chemistry enabling novel and versatile designs of reducible polymeric gene delivery systems. We present strategies for the introduction of disulfide bonds into polymers. These representative examples and their respective outcomes elaborate the benefit and efficiency of disulfides at the individual stages of gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ran Namgung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kaushik Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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38
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Li J, Manickam DS, Chen J, Oupicky D. Effect of cell membrane thiols and reduction-triggered disassembly on transfection activity of bioreducible polyplexes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:173-80. [PMID: 22406090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioreducible polyplexes are promising vectors for delivery of nucleic acids due to low toxicity and favorable transfection activity. The often improved transfection is usually explained by enhanced intracellular reductive disassembly of the polyplexes. This study evaluated the effect of enhanced reductive disassembly on transfection activity of plasmid DNA and antisense oligonucleotide (AON) polyplexes based on a series of bioreducible poly(amido amine)s (PAA). We found that the presence of disulfide bonds in PAA had no effect on nucleic acid binding, hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of polyplexes. Increasing the disulfide content in PAA increased susceptibility to reduction-triggered DNA and AON release from the polyplexes. Increasing the disulfide content in PAA increased DNA transfection but had no effect on AON transfection. Plasma membrane protein thiols played a key role in the observed enhancement of DNA transfection. The presence of disulfide bonds in PAA had no significant effect on the rate of intracellular DNA clearance, suggesting that enhanced intracellular disassembly of the bioreducible polyplexes is not a major contributing factor to the improved transfection activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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39
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Yang J, Lei Q, Han K, Gong YH, Chen S, Cheng H, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Reduction-sensitive polypeptides incorporated with nuclear localization signal sequences for enhanced gene delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Yi WJ, Yang J, Li C, Wang HY, Liu CW, Tao L, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Enhanced Nuclear Import and Transfection Efficiency of TAT Peptide-Based Gene Delivery Systems Modified by Additional Nuclear Localization Signals. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 23:125-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2005472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Li Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Luo XH, Huang FW, Qin SY, Wang HF, Feng J, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. A strategy to improve serum-tolerant transfection activity of polycation vectors by surface hydroxylation. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9925-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Structural rearrangements and chemical modifications in known cell penetrating peptide strongly enhance DNA delivery efficiency. J Control Release 2011; 157:260-71. [PMID: 21996011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic peptides with unusual cellular translocation properties have been used as carriers of different biomolecules. However, the parameters which control the delivery efficiency of a particular cargo by a peptide and the selectivity of cargo delivery are not very well understood. In this work, we have used the known cell penetrating peptide pVEC (derived from VE-cadherin) and systematically changed its amphipathicity (from primary to secondary) as well as the total charge and studied whether these changes influence the plasmid DNA condensation ability, cellular uptake of the peptide-DNA complexes and in turn the efficiency of DNA delivery of the peptide. Our results show that although the efficiency of DNA delivery of pVEC is poor, modification of the same peptide to create a combination of nine arginines along with secondary amphipathicity improves its plasmid DNA delivery efficiency, particularly in presence of an endosomotropic agent like chloroquine. In addition, presence of histidines along with 9 arginines and secondary amphipathicity shows efficient DNA delivery with low toxicity even in absence of chloroquine in multiple cell lines. We attribute these enhancements in transfection efficiency to the differences in the mechanism of complex formation by the different variants of the parent peptide which in turn are related to the chemical nature of the peptide itself. These results exhibit the importance of understanding the physicochemical parameters of the carrier and complex in modulating gene delivery efficiency. Such studies can be helpful in improving peptide design for delivery of different cargo molecules.
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CHEN J, WANG H, XU X, CHEN W, ZHANG X. PEPTIDES AND POLYPEPTIDES FOR GENE AND DRUG DELIVERY. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Mann A, Thakur G, Shukla V, Singh AK, Khanduri R, Naik R, Jiang Y, Kalra N, Dwarakanath BS, Langel U, Ganguli M. Differences in DNA Condensation and Release by Lysine and Arginine Homopeptides Govern Their DNA Delivery Efficiencies. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1729-41. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Garima Thakur
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vasundhara Shukla
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anand Kamal Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Richa Khanduri
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rangeetha Naik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Namita Kalra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B. S. Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ulo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Munia Ganguli
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Scaffidi JP, Gregas MK, Lauly B, Zhang Y, Vo-Dinh T. Activity of psoralen-functionalized nanoscintillators against cancer cells upon X-ray excitation. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4679-87. [PMID: 21553850 DOI: 10.1021/nn200511m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report development of a nanoparticle-based, X-ray-activated anticancer "nanodrug" composed of yttrium oxide (Y(2)O(3)) nanoscintillators, a fragment of the HIV-1 TAT peptide, and psoralen. In this formulation, X-ray radiation is absorbed by the Y(2)O(3) nanoscintillators, which then emit UVA light. Absorption of UVA photons by nanoparticle-tethered psoralen has the potential to cross-link adenine and thymine residues in DNA. UVA-induced cross-linking by free psoralen upon activation with UVA light has previously been shown to cause apoptosis in vitro and an immunogenic response in vivo. Studies using the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line demonstrate that X-ray excitation of these psoralen-functionalized Y(2)O(3) nanoscintillators yields concentration-dependent reductions in cell number when compared to control cultures containing psoralen-free Y(2)O(3) nanoscintillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Scaffidi
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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46
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Baoum AA, Berkland CJ. Calcium condensation of DNA complexed with cell-penetrating peptides offers efficient, noncytotoxic gene delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1637-42. [PMID: 21374602 PMCID: PMC4207659 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery strategies using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely explored to improve the intracellular delivery of a large number of cargo molecules. Electrostatic complexation of plasmid DNA using CPPs has been less explored due to the relatively large complexes formed and the low levels of gene expression achieved when using these low-molecular-weight polycations as DNA condensing agents. Here, condensing nascent CPP polyplexes using CaCl(2) produced small and stable nanoparticles leading to gene expression levels higher than observed for control polyethylenimine gene vectors. This simple formulation approach showed negligible cytotoxicity in A549 lung epithelial cells and maintained particle size and transfection efficiency even in the presence of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulgader A. Baoum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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47
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Khondee S, Baoum A, Siahaan TJ, Berkland C. Calcium condensed LABL-TAT complexes effectively target gene delivery to ICAM-1 expressing cells. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:788-98. [PMID: 21473630 DOI: 10.1021/mp100393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted gene delivery using nonviral vectors is a highly touted scheme to reduce the potential for toxic or immunological side effects by reducing dose. In previous reports, TAT polyplexes with DNA have shown relatively poor gene delivery. The transfection efficiency has been enhanced by condensing TAT/DNA complexes to a small particle size using calcium. To explore the targetability of these condensed TAT complexes, LABL peptide targeting intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was conjugated to TAT peptide using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. PEGylation reduced the transfection efficiency of TAT, but TAT complexes targeting ICAM-1 expressing cells regained much of the lost transfection efficiency. Targeted block peptides properly formulated with calcium offer promise for gene delivery to ICAM-1 expressing cells at sites of injury or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supang Khondee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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48
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Kang HC, Kang HJ, Bae YH. A reducible polycationic gene vector derived from thiolated low molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine linked by 2-iminothiolane. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1193-203. [PMID: 21071079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To improve transfection efficiency and reduce the cytotoxicity of polymeric gene vectors, reducible polycations (RPC) were synthesized from low molecular weight (MW) branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) via thiolation and oxidation. RPC (RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)) possessed MW of 5 kDa-80 kDa, and 50%-70% of the original proton buffering capacity of bPEI(0.8 kDa) was preserved in the final product. The cytotoxicity of RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa) was 8-19 times less than that of the gold standard of polymeric transfection reagents, bPEI(25 kDa). Although bPEI(0.8 kDa) exhibited poor gene condensing capacities (∼2 μm at a weight ratio (WR) of 40), RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa) effectively condensed plasmid DNA (pDNA) at a WR of 2. Moreover, RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA (WR ≥2) formed 100-200 nm-sized particles with positively charged surfaces (20-35 mV). In addition, the results of the present study indicated that thiol/polyanions triggered the release of pDNA from RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA via the fragmentation of RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa) and ion-exchange. With negligible polyplex-mediated cytotoxicity, the transfection efficiencies of RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA were approximately 1200-1500-fold greater than that of bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA and were equivalent or superior (∼7-fold) to that of bPEI(25 kDa)/pDNA. Interestingly, the distribution of high MW RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA in the nucleus of the cell was higher than that of low MW RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)/pDNA. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa) has the potential to effectively deliver genetic materials with lower levels of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Utah, 421 Wakara way, Suite 318, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Gregas MK, Scaffidi JP, Lauly B, Vo-Dinh T. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection and tracking of nanoprobes: enhanced uptake and nuclear targeting in single cells. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:858-866. [PMID: 20719048 DOI: 10.1366/000370210792081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development and application of a co-functionalized nanoprobe and biodelivery platform combining a nuclear targeting peptide (NTP) for improved cellular uptake and intracellular targeting with p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reporter for tracking and imaging. The nuclear targeting peptide, an HIV-1 protein-derived TAT sequence, has been previously shown to aid entry of cargo through the cell membrane via normal cellular processes, and furthermore, to localize small cargo to the nucleus of the cell. Previous work in our lab has verified cell uptake and distribution of the nanoprobes in clinically relevant mouse and human cell lines. In this work, two-dimensional SERS mapping was used to track the spatial and temporal progress of nanoparticle uptake in PC-3 human prostate cells and to characterize localization at various time points, demonstrating the potential for an intracellularly targeted multiplexed nanobiosensing system with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Silver nanoparticles co-functionalized with the TAT peptide showed greatly enhanced cellular uptake over the control nanoparticles lacking the targeting moiety. The ability to detect and monitor nanoprobe trafficking using SERS spectroscopy offers an improved alternative over previous tracking and detection methods such as light microscopy and fluorescence methods. The development of multifunctional nanoconstructs for intracellular delivery has potential clinical applications in early detection and selective treatment of disease in affected cells. Other applications include use in basic research aimed at understanding the inner workings of living cells and how they respond to chemical and biological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly K Gregas
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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McCarthy HO, Wang Y, Mangipudi SS, Hatefi A. Advances with the use of bio-inspired vectors towards creation of artificial viruses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:497-512. [PMID: 20151849 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903579989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of recombinant vectors based on biological motifs with potential applications in gene therapy. Several such vectors have been genetically engineered, resulting in biomacromolecules with new properties that are not present in nature. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current state-of-the-art gene delivery systems (viral and non-viral) and then provides an overview on the application of various biological motifs in vector development for gene delivery. Finally, it highlights some of the most advanced bio-inspired vectors that are designed to perform several self-guided functions. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review helps the readers get a better understanding about the history and evolution of bio-inspired fusion vectors with the potential to merge the strengths of both viral and non-viral vectors in order to create efficient, safe and cost-effective gene delivery systems. TAKE HOME MESSAGE With the emergence of new technologies such as recombinant bio-inspired vectors, it may not take long before non-viral vectors are observed that are not just safe and tissue-specific, but even more efficient than viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O McCarthy
- Queens University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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