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García-Cambrón JB, Cerriteño-Sánchez JL, Lara-Romero R, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Blancas-Flores G, Sánchez-Gaytán BL, Herrera-Camacho I, Cuevas-Romero JS. Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as An Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:431. [PMID: 38543796 PMCID: PMC10974312 DOI: 10.3390/v16030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has affected the pork industry worldwide and during outbreaks the mortality of piglets has reached 100%. Lipid nanocarriers are commonly used in the development of immunostimulatory particles due to their biocompatibility and slow-release delivery properties. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) complex based on glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and tested its efficacy as an adjuvant in mice immunized with the recombinant N-terminal domain (NTD) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike (S) protein (rNTD-S). The dispersion stability analysis (Z-potential -27.6 mV) confirmed the size and charge stability of the LNP-GA, demonstrating that the particles were homogeneously dispersed and strongly anionic, which favors nanoparticles binding with the rNTD-S protein, which showed a slightly positive charge (2.11 mV) by in silico analysis. TEM image of LNP-GA revealed nanostructures with a spherical-bilayer lipid vesicle (~100 nm). The immunogenicity of the LNP-GA-rNTD-S complex induced an efficient humoral response 14 days after the first immunization (p < 0.05) as well as an influence on the cellular immune response by decreasing serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, which was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bryan García-Cambrón
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09089, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - Rocío Lara-Romero
- Programa de Estancia Posdoctoral, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México 54740, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09089, Mexico;
| | - Brenda L. Sánchez-Gaytán
- Centro de Química ICUAP, Laboratorio de Bioinorgánica Aplicada, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, Mexico;
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Centro de Química ICUAP, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio IC7, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
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Meena J, Singhvi P, Srichandan S, Dandotiya J, Verma J, Singh M, Ahuja R, Panwar N, Wani TQ, Khatri R, Siddiqui G, Gupta A, Samal S, Panda AK. RBD decorated PLA nanoparticle admixture with aluminum hydroxide elicit robust and long lasting immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:43-53. [PMID: 35589003 PMCID: PMC9110063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles-based multivalent antigen display has the capability of mimicking natural virus infection characteristics, making it useful for eliciting potent long-lasting immune response. Several vaccines are developed against global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However these subunit vaccines use mammalian expression system, hence mass production with rapid pace is a bigger challenge. In contrast E. coli based subunit vaccine production circumvents these limitations.The objective of the present investigation was to develop nanoparticle vaccine with multivalent display of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 expressed in E. coli. Results showed that RBD entrapped PLA (Poly lactic acid) nanoparticle in combination with aluminum hydroxide elicited 9-fold higher immune responses as compared to RBD adsorbed aluminum hydroxide, a common adjuvant used for human immunization. It was interesting to note that RBD entrapped PLA nanoparticle with aluminum hydroxide not only generated robust and long-lasting antibody response but also provided Th1 and Th2 balanced immune response. Moreover, challenge with 1 µg of RBD alone was able to generate secondary antibody response, suggesting that immunization with RBD-PLA nanoparticleshas the ability to elicit memory antibody against RBD. Plaque assay revealed that the antibody generated using the polymeric formulation was able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.The RBD entrapped PLA nanoparticles blended with aluminum hydroxide thus has potential to develop asa subunit vaccine against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairam Meena
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Priyank Singhvi
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sudeepa Srichandan
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Juhi Verma
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mamta Singh
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Ahuja
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neha Panwar
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tabiya Qayoom Wani
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Infection and Immunology Laboratory, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Gurgaon-Faridabad, India
| | - Gazala Siddiqui
- Infection and Immunology Laboratory, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Gurgaon-Faridabad, India
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Infection and Immunology Laboratory, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Gurgaon-Faridabad, India
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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AboulFotouh K, Cui Z, Williams RO. Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Should Take Efficiency of Distribution into Consideration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:126. [PMID: 33835300 PMCID: PMC8034273 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dire need for safe and effective coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines is met with many vaccine candidates being evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in phase 3 or phase 2/3 clinical trials as well as those that recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or other regulatory agencies worldwide require either cold (i.e., 2–8°C) or even freezing temperatures as low as −70°C for storage and distribution. Thus, existing cold chain will struggle to support both the standard national immunization programs and COVID-19 vaccination. The requirement for cold chain is now a major challenge towards worldwide rapid mass vaccination against COVID-19. In this commentary, we stress that thermostabilizing technologies are available to enable cold chain-free vaccine storage and distribution, as well as potential needle-free vaccination. Significant efforts on thermostabilizing technologies must now be applied on next-generation COVID-19 vaccines for more cost-effective worldwide mass vaccination and COVID-19 eradication.
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Roos TB, de Moraes CM, Sturbelle RT, Dummer LA, Fischer G, Leite FPL. Probiotics Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii improve the vaccine immune response to Bovine herpesvirus type 5 in sheep. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:260-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao JH, Zhang QB, Liu B, Piao XH, Yan YL, Hu XG, Zhou K, Zhang YT, Feng NP. Enhanced immunization via dissolving microneedle array-based delivery system incorporating subunit vaccine and saponin adjuvant. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4763-4772. [PMID: 28740383 PMCID: PMC5503490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To enhance the immunogenicity of the model subunit vaccine, ovalbumin (OVA) was combined with platycodin (PD), a saponin adjuvant. To reduce the toxicity of PD, OVA, and adjuvant were loaded together into liposomes before being incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. Methods OVA- and PD-loaded liposomes (OVA-PD-Lipos) were prepared using the film dispersion method. Their uptake behavior, toxicity to mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs), and hemolytic activity to rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) were evaluated. The OVA-PD-Lipos were incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. The chemical stability of OVA and the physical stability of OVA-PD-Lipos in microneedle arrays were investigated. The immune response of Institute of Cancer Research mice and potential skin irritation reaction of rabbits to OVA-PD-Lipos-MNs were evaluated. Results The uptake of OVA by mouse BMDCs was greatly enhanced when OVA was prepared as OVA-PD-Lipos, and in this form, the toxicity of PD was dramatically reduced. OVA was chemically stable as OVA-PD-Lipos, when OVA-PD-Lipos was incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. Institute of Cancer Research mice treated with OVA-PD-Lipos-MNs showed a significantly enhanced immune response. PD combined with OVA elicited a balanced Th1 and Th2 humoral immune response in mice, with minimal irritation in rabbit skin. Conclusion The dissolving microneedle array-based system is a promising delivery vehicle for subunit vaccine and its adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Anethesiology Department, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ge Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Ping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Twin-screw extruded lipid implants containing TRP2 peptide for tumour therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Co-Administration of Lipid Nanoparticles and Sub-Unit Vaccine Antigens Is Required for Increase in Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040047. [PMID: 27929422 PMCID: PMC5192367 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles function as potent immune-modulatory agents. We have previously shown that Merck proprietary Lipid NanoParticles (LNPs) markedly boost B-cell and T-cell responses to sub-unit vaccine antigens in mice. To further evaluate the specifics of vaccine delivery and dosing regimens in vivo, we performed immunogenicity studies in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice using two model antigens, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. To assess the requirement for co-administration of antigen and LNP for the elicitation of immune responses, we evaluated immune responses after administering antigen and LNP to separate limbs, or administering antigen and LNP to the same limb but separated by 24 h. We also evaluated formulations combining antigen, LNP, and aluminum-based adjuvant amorphous aluminum hydroxylphosphate sulfate (MAA) to look for synergistic adjuvant effects. Analyses of antigen-specific B-cell and T-cell responses from immunized mice revealed that the LNPs and antigens must be co-administered—both at the same time and in the same location—in order to boost antigen-specific immune responses. Mixing of antigen with MAA prior to formulation with LNP did not impact the generation of antigen-specific B-cell responses, but drastically reduced the ability of LNPs to boost antigen-specific T-cell responses. Overall, our data demonstrate that the administration of LNPs and vaccine antigen together enables their immune-stimulatory properties.
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Even MP, Bobbala S, Kooi KL, Hook S, Winter G, Engert J. Impact of implant composition of twin-screw extruded lipid implants on the release behavior. Int J Pharm 2015; 493:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Engert J. Implants as Sustained Release Delivery Devices for Vaccine Antigens. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1417-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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The use of quorum sensing to improve vaccine immune response. Vaccine 2013; 32:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Colonna C, Dorati R, Conti B, Caliceti P, Genta I. Sub-unit vaccine against S. aureus-mediated infections: Set-up of nano-sized polymeric adjuvant. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Whilst oral vaccination is a potentially preferred route in terms of patient adherence and mass vaccination, the ability to formulate effective oral vaccines remains a challenge. The primary barrier to oral vaccination is effective delivery of the vaccine through the GI tract owing to the many obstacles it presents, including low pH, enzyme degradation and bile-salt solubilization, which can result in breakdown/deactivation of a vaccine. For effective immune responses after oral administration, particulates need to be taken up by the M cells however, these are few in number. To enhance M-cell uptake, particle characteristics can be optimized with particle size, surface charge, targeting groups and bioadhesive properties all being considerations. Yet improved uptake may not translate into enhanced immune responses and formulating particulates with inherent adjuvant properties can offer advantages. Within this article, we establish the options available for consideration when building effective oral particulate vaccines.
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Peixoto MPG, Treter J, de Resende PE, da Silveira NP, Ortega GG, Lawrence MJ, Dreiss CA. Wormlike Micellar Aggregates of Saponins from Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (mate): A Characterisation by Cryo-TEM, Rheology, Light Scattering and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:536-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gordon S, Saupe A, McBurney W, Rades T, Hook S. Comparison of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan hydrogels for vaccine delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.12.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels as particulate and sustained release vaccine delivery systems was investigated. CNP and chitosan hydrogels were prepared, loaded with the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and characterised. The immunostimulatory capacity of these vaccine delivery systems was assessed in-vitro and in-vivo. Particle sizing measurements and SEM images showed that optimised OVA-loaded CNP had a size of approximately 200 nm, a polydispersity index < 0.2, and a positive zeta-potential of approximately 18 mV. The amount of OVA adsorbed onto CNP was high with an adsorption efficacy of greater than 96%. Raman spectroscopy indicated conformational changes of OVA when adsorbed onto the surface of CNP. Uptake of the dispersions and immunological activation of murine dendritic cells in-vitro could be demonstrated. Investigation of the release of fluorescently-labelled OVA (FITC-OVA) from CNP and chitosan hydrogels in-vitro showed that approximately 50% of the total protein was released from CNP within a period of ten days; release of antigen from chitosan gel occurred in a more sustained manner, with < 10% of total protein being released after 10 days. The slow release from gel formulations may be explained by the strong interactions of the protein with chitosan. While OVA-loaded CNP showed no significant immunogenicity, formulations of OVA in chitosan gel were able to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gordon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anne Saupe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren McBurney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Sun HX, Xie Y, Ye YP. ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX. Vaccine 2009; 27:4388-401. [PMID: 19450632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) are particulate antigen delivery systems composed of antigen, cholesterol, phospholipid and saponin, while ISCOMATRIX is a particulate adjuvant comprising cholesterol, phospholipid and saponin but without antigen. The combination of an antigen with ISCOMATRIX is called an ISCOMATRIX vaccine. ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX combine the advantages of a particulate carrier system with the presence of an in-built adjuvant (Quil A) and consequently have been found to be more immunogenic, while removing its haemolytic activity of the saponin, producing less toxicity. ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX vaccines have now been shown to induce strong antigen-specific cellular or humoral immune responses to a broad range of antigens of viral, bacterial, parasite origin or tumor in a number of animal species including non-human primates and humans. These vaccines produced by well controlled and reproducible processes have also been evaluated in human clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX, including preparation technology as well as their application in humans and veterinary vaccine designs with particular emphasis on the current understanding of the properties and features of ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX vaccines to induce immune responses. The mechanisms of adjuvanticity are also discussed in the light of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Etiology & Immunological Prevention of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Road 268, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
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Immunostimulatory lipid implants containing Quil-A and DC-cholesterol. Int J Pharm 2008; 363:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Myschik J, Eberhardt F, Rades T, Hook S. Immunostimulatory biodegradable implants containing the adjuvant Quil-A—Part I: Physicochemical characterisation. J Drug Target 2008; 16:213-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860701848860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kirby DJ, Rosenkrands I, Agger EM, Andersen P, Coombes AGA, Perrie Y. Liposomes act as stronger sub-unit vaccine adjuvants when compared to microspheres. J Drug Target 2008; 16:543-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802228558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Kirby DJ, Rosenkrands I, Agger EM, Andersen P, Coombes AGA, Perrie Y. PLGA microspheres for the delivery of a novel subunit TB vaccine. J Drug Target 2008; 16:282-93. [PMID: 18446607 DOI: 10.1080/10611860801900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method for the delivery of the subunit tuberculosis vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6), a fusion protein of the immunodominant antigens 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) and antigen 85B (Ag85B). Addition of the cationic lipid dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB), either separately or in combination, was investigated for the effect on particle size and distribution, antigen entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profiles and in vivo performance. Optimised formulation parameters yielded microspheres within the desired sub-10 microm range (1.50 +/- 0.13 microm), whilst exhibiting a high antigen entrapment efficiency (95 +/- 1.2%) and prolonged release profiles. Although the microsphere formulations induced a cell-mediated immune response and raised specific antibodies after immunisation, this was inferior to the levels achieved with liposomes composed of the same adjuvants (DDA-TDB), demonstrating that liposomes are more effective vaccine delivery systems compared with microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kirby
- Medicines Research Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Perrie Y, Mohammed AR, Kirby DJ, McNeil SE, Bramwell VW. Vaccine adjuvant systems: enhancing the efficacy of sub-unit protein antigens. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:272-80. [PMID: 18555624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains a key tool in the protection and eradication of diseases. However, the development of new safe and effective vaccines is not easy. Various live organism based vaccines currently licensed, exhibit high efficacy; however, this benefit is associated with risk, due to the adverse reactions found with these vaccines. Therefore, in the development of vaccines, the associated risk-benefit issues need to be addressed. Sub-unit proteins offer a much safer alternative; however, their efficacy is low. The use of adjuvanted systems have proven to enhance the immunogenicity of these sub-unit vaccines through protection (i.e. preventing degradation of the antigen in vivo) and enhanced targeting of these antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells. Understanding of the immunological implications of the related disease will enable validation for the design and development of potential adjuvant systems. Novel adjuvant research involves the combination of both pharmaceutical analysis accompanied by detailed immunological investigations, whereby, pharmaceutically designed adjuvants are driven by an increased understanding of mechanisms of adjuvant activity, largely facilitated by description of highly specific innate immune recognition of components usually associated with the presence of invading bacteria or virus. The majority of pharmaceutical based adjuvants currently being investigated are particulate based delivery systems, such as liposome formulations. As an adjuvant, liposomes have been shown to enhance immunity against the associated disease particularly when a cationic lipid is used within the formulation. In addition, the inclusion of components such as immunomodulators, further enhance immunity. Within this review, the use and application of effective adjuvants is investigated, with particular emphasis on liposomal-based systems. The mechanisms of adjuvant activity, analysis of complex immunological characteristics and formulation and delivery of these vaccines are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- Medicines Research Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Demana PH, Davies NM, Hook S, Rades T. Analysis of Quil A–phospholipid mixtures using drift spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2007; 342:49-61. [PMID: 17555894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate molecular interactions between Quil A and phosphatidylcholine in the solid state using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Analysis of the interactions was characterized on the different regions of phosphatidylcholine: hydrophobic chain, interfacial and headgroup regions. The spectra of the hydrocarbon region of phosphatidylcholine alone compared to that for the binary mixture of Quil A and phosphatidylcholine were similar. These findings suggest that Quil A did not cause conformational disorder of the fatty acyl chains of the phospholipid. In contrast, a shift in the wavenumber of the choline group and a broad band in this moiety indicate a modification of the phospholipid in the headgroup region due to interaction between Quil A and phosphatidylcholine. These results suggest possibly ionic interactions between the negatively charged glucuronic acid moiety of the Quil A molecule with the positively charged choline group. The findings could also be the result of conformational changes in the choline group because of the intercalation of sugar moieties in Quil A between the choline and phosphate groups due to hydrogen bonding. Shift of wavenumbers to lower values on the carbonyl group was observed suggesting hydrogen bonding between Quil A and phosphatidylcholine. The difference in degrees of wavenumber shift (choline>phosphate>carbonyl group) and observed broad bands indicated that Quil A preferentially interacted with phosphatidylcholine on the hydrophilic headgroup. Cholesterol influenced such interactions at relatively high concentration (60%, w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Demana
- School of Pharmacy, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Skene CD, Sutton P. Saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines for clinical use. Methods 2006; 40:53-9. [PMID: 16997713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are well recognised as potent immune stimulators, but their applicability as vaccine adjuvants have been limited due to associated toxicity. Formulation of saponin adjuvant with cholesterol and phospholipid produces the particulate ISCOMATRIX adjuvant, and when antigen is also contained within the particle, an ISCOM vaccine is produced. These particulate vaccines retain the adjuvant activity of the saponin component but without toxicity. Saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines have significant potential as a novel strategy in vaccine development. This review discusses (i) recent methodologies which have attempted to increase the flexibility and applicability of this technology by modifying either the vaccine composition or the mode of formulation; (ii) recent evaluations of these technologies for inducing protection against infectious diseases and as cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Skene
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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Saupe A, McBurney W, Rades T, Hook S. Immunostimulatory colloidal delivery systems for cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006; 3:345-54. [PMID: 16640495 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine delivery is a multidisciplinary scientific field that is currently undergoing rapid development. An important component of cancer vaccines is the development of novel vaccine delivery strategies, such as colloidal immunostimulatory delivery systems. The importance of formulation strategies for cancer vaccines can be explained by the poor immunogenicity of tumour antigens. Colloidal vaccine delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution, uptake and release of the vaccine. This review explores recent research that is directed towards more targeted treatments of cancer through to colloidal vaccine delivery systems. Widely investigated carrier systems include polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, archaeal lipid liposomes (archaeosomes), immune-stimulating complexes and virus-like particles. These systems are evaluated in terms of their formulation techniques, immunological mechanisms of action as well as the potential and limitations of such colloidal systems in the field of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Saupe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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