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Duvnjak M, Villois A, Ramazani F. Biodegradable Long-Acting Injectables: Platform Technology and Industrial Challenges. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:133-150. [PMID: 37059910 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting injectables have been used to benefit patients with chronic diseases. So far, several biodegradable long-acting platform technologies including drug-loaded polymeric microparticles, implants (preformed and in situ forming), oil-based solutions, and aqueous suspension have been established. In this chapter, we summarize all the marketed technology platforms and discuss their challenges regarding development including but not limited to controlling drug release, particle size, stability, sterilization, scale-up manufacturing, etc. Finally, we discuss important criteria to consider for the successful development of long-acting injectables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Duvnjak
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Villois
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Lafuente-Merchan M, Ruiz-Alonso S, Espona-Noguera A, Galvez-Martin P, López-Ruiz E, Marchal JA, López-Donaire ML, Zabala A, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Development, characterization and sterilisation of Nanocellulose-alginate-(hyaluronic acid)- bioinks and 3D bioprinted scaffolds for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112160. [PMID: 34082965 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D-bioprinting is an emerging technology of high potential in tissue engineering (TE), since it shows effective control over scaffold fabrication and cell distribution. Biopolymers such as alginate (Alg), nanofibrillated cellulose (NC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) offer excellent characteristics for use as bioinks due to their excellent biocompatibility and rheological properties. Cell incorporation into the bioink requires sterilisation assurance, and autoclave, β-radiation and γ-radiation are widely used sterilisation techniques in biomedicine; however, their use in 3D-bioprinting for bioinks sterilisation is still in their early stages. In this study, different sterilisation procedures were applied on NC-Alg and NC-Alg-HA bioinks and their effect on several parameters was evaluated. Results demonstrated that NC-Alg and NC-Alg-HA bioinks suffered relevant rheological and physicochemical modifications after sterilisation; yet, it can be concluded that the short cycle autoclave is the best option to sterilise both NC-Alg based cell-free bioinks, and that the incorporation of HA to the NC-Alg bioink improves its characteristics. Additionally, 3D scaffolds were bioprinted and specifically characterized as well as the D1 mesenchymal stromal cells (D1-MSCs) embedded for cell viability analysis. Notably, the addition of HA demonstrates better scaffold properties, together with higher biocompatibility and cell viability in comparison with the NC-Alg scaffolds. Thus, the use of MSCs containing NC-Alg based scaffolds may become a feasible tissue engineering approach for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - S Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Espona-Noguera
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - P Galvez-Martin
- R&D Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E López-Ruiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - J A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M L López-Donaire
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zabala
- Surface Technologies, Mondragon University-Faculty of Engineering, Loramendi 4, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain
| | - J Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - J L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Park K, Otte A, Sharifi F, Garner J, Skidmore S, Park H, Jhon YK, Qin B, Wang Y. Potential Roles of the Glass Transition Temperature of PLGA Microparticles in Drug Release Kinetics. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:18-32. [PMID: 33331774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used for long-acting injectable drug delivery systems for more than 30 years. The factors affecting the properties of PLGA formulations are still not clearly understood. The drug release kinetics of PLGA microparticles are influenced by many parameters associated with the formulation composition, manufacturing process, and post-treatments. Since the drug release kinetics have not been explainable using the measurable properties, formulating PLGA microparticles with desired drug release kinetics has been extremely difficult. Of the various properties, the glass transition temperature, Tg, of PLGA formulations is able to explain various aspects of drug release kinetics. This allows examination of parameters that affect the Tg of PLGA formulations, and thus, affecting the drug release kinetics. The impacts of the terminal sterilization on the Tg and drug release kinetics were also examined. The analysis of drug release kinetics in relation to the Tg of PLGA formulations provides a basis for further understanding of the factors controlling drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Andrew Otte
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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5
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Domańska IM, Oledzka E, Sobczak M. Sterilization process of polyester based anticancer-drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119663. [PMID: 32702451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing interest in biodegradable polyesters as drug carriers in the development of innovative anticancer drug delivery systems (DDSs) has been observed. These compounds are thermally unstable, and are therefore, particularly demanding due to the limited number of available sterilization techniques. Furthermore, the DDSs sterilization process is often limited to aseptic filtration. Ensuring aseptic production is very demanding and costly, and it is therefore necessary to work on the application of new sterilization methods. In view of this, this review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the radiation sterilization process of some anticancer drugs as well biodegradable polyester carriers (such as polylactide, polyglycolide, poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate) and co- or terpolymers of lactide, glycolide, ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate). The structural changes in anticancer DDSs under the influence of ionizing radiation and the potential degradation mechanisms of both, polyester carriers and cytostatics during the sterilization process of ionizing radiation as well as their effects on the microstructure and properties of DDSs have been discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela M Domańska
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
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Gong C, Yu X, You B, Wu Y, Wang R, Han L, Wang Y, Gao S, Yuan Y. Macrophage-cancer hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeting lung metastasis in breast cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:92. [PMID: 32546174 PMCID: PMC7298843 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane- covered drug-delivery nanoplatforms have been garnering attention because of their enhanced bio-interfacing capabilities that originate from source cells. In this top-down technique, nanoparticles (NPs) are covered by various membrane coatings, including membranes from specialized cells or hybrid membranes that combine the capacities of different types of cell membranes. Here, hybrid membrane-coated doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs (DPLGA@[RAW-4T1] NPs) were fabricated by fusing membrane components derived from RAW264.7(RAW) and 4T1 cells (4T1). These NPs were used to treat lung metastases originating from breast cancer. This study indicates that the coupling of NPs with a hybrid membrane derived from macrophage and cancer cells has several advantages, such as the tendency to accumulate at sites of inflammation, ability to target specific metastasis, homogenous tumor targeting abilities in vitro, and markedly enhanced multi-target capability in a lung metastasis model in vivo. The DPLGA@[RAW-4T1] NPs exhibited excellent chemotherapeutic potential with approximately 88.9% anti-metastasis efficacy following treatment of breast cancer-derived lung metastases. These NPs were robust and displayed the multi-targeting abilities of hybrid membranes. This study provides a promising biomimetic nanoplatform for effective treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Benming You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
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7
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Effect of gamma- irradiation on fully aromatic high performance novel thermosets and study of their physico-chemical properties. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Mazor E, Zilberman M. Effect of gamma-irradiation sterilization on the physical and mechanical properties of a hybrid wound dressing. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eytan Mazor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Meital Zilberman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel
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Xu Y, Kim CS, Saylor DM, Koo D. Polymer degradation and drug delivery in PLGA-based drug-polymer applications: A review of experiments and theories. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1692-1716. [PMID: 27098357 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers have been broadly used in controlled drug release applications. Because these polymers are biodegradable, they provide an attractive option for drug delivery vehicles. There are a variety of material, processing, and physiological factors that impact the degradation rates of PLGA polymers and concurrent drug release kinetics. This work is intended to provide a comprehensive and collective review of the physicochemical and physiological factors that dictate the degradation behavior of PLGA polymers and drug release from contemporary PLGA-based drug-polymer products. In conjunction with the existing experimental results, analytical and numerical theories developed to predict drug release from PLGA-based polymers are summarized and correlated with the experimental observations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1692-1716, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211
| | - Chang-Soo Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211
| | - David M Saylor
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993
| | - Donghun Koo
- Materials Science R&D, MilliporeSigma, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53209
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Türker NS, Özer AY, Kutlu B, Nohutcu R, Sungur A, Bilgili H, Ekizoglu M, Özalp M. The effect of gamma radiation sterilization on dental biomaterials. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dorati R, Genta I, Colzani B, Tripodo G, Conti B. Preliminary investigation on the design of biodegradable microparticles for ivermectin delivery: set up of formulation parameters. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1182-92. [PMID: 24994001 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.935395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to design sterile biodegradable microparticulate drug delivery systems based on poly(dl-lactide) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and containing ivermectin (IVM), an antiparasitic drug, for subcutaneous administration in dogs. The drug delivery system should: (i) ensure a full 12-month protection upon single dose administration; (ii) be safe with particular attention regarding IVM dosage and its release, in order to prevent over dosage side effects. This preliminary work involves: polymer selection, evaluation of the effects of γ-irradiation on the polymers and IVM, investigation and set up of suitable microparticle preparation process and parameters, IVM-loaded microparticles in vitro release evaluation. Results of gel permeation chromatography analysis on the irradiated polymers and IVM mixtures showed that combination of IVM with the antioxidant α-tocopherol (TCP) reduces the damage extent induced by irradiation treatment, independently on the polymer type. Solvent evaporation process was successfully used for the preparation of PLA microparticles and appropriately modified; it was recognized as suitable for the preparation of PCL microparticles. Good process yields were achieved ranging from 76.08% to 94.72%; encapsulation efficiency was between 85.76% and 91.25%, independently from the polymer used. The type of polymer and the consequent preparation process parameters affected microparticle size that was bigger for PCL microparticles (480-800 µm) and solvent residual that was >500 ppm for PLA microparticles. In vitro release test showed significantly faster IVM release rates from PCL microparticles, with respect to PLA microparticles, suggesting that a combination of the polymers could be used to obtain the suitable drug release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Ozer AY, Turker S, Colak S, Korkmaz M, Kiliç E, Ozalp M. The effects of gamma irradiation on diclofenac sodium, liposome and niosome ingredients for rheumatoid arthritis. Interv Med Appl Sci 2013; 5:122-30. [PMID: 24265902 DOI: 10.1556/imas.5.2013.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gamma rays for the sterilization of pharmaceutical raw materials and dosage forms is an alternative method for sterilization. However, one of the major problems of the radiosterilization is the production of new radiolytic products during the irradiation process. Therefore, the principal problem in radiosterilization is to determine and to characterize these physical and chemical changes originating from high-energy radiation. Parenteral drug delivery systems were prepared and in vitro characterization, biodistribution and treatment studies were done in our previous studies. Drug delivery systems (liposomes, niosomes, lipogelosomes and niogelosomes) encapsulating diclofenac sodium (DFNa) were prepared for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This work complies information about the studies developed in order to find out if gamma radiation could be applied as a sterilization method to DFNa, and the raw materials as dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), surfactant I [polyglyceryl-3-cethyl ether (SUR I)], dicethyl phosphate (DCP) and cholesterol (CHOL) that are used to prepare those systems. The raw materials were irradiated with different radiation doses (5, 10, 25 and 50 kGy) and physicochemical changes (organoleptic properties pH, UV and melting point), microbiological evaluation [sterility assurance level (SAL), sterility and pyrogen test] and electron spin resonance (ESR) characteristics were studied at normal (25 °C, 60% relative humidity) and accelerated (40 °C, 75% relative humidity) stability test conditions.
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Turker S, Ozer AY, Kiliç E, Ozalp M, Colak S, Korkmaz M. Gamma-irradiated liposome/noisome and lipogelosome/niogelosome formulations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Interv Med Appl Sci 2013; 5:60-9. [PMID: 24265892 DOI: 10.1556/imas.5.2013.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by intraarticular administration of anti-inflammatory drugs encapsulated in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes/niosomes and lipogelosomes/niogelosomes, prolongs the residence time of the drugs in the joint. It was therefore anticipated that liposome/niosome entrapment would enhance the efficacy of drugs in the inflammatory sides. Liposomes are good candidates for the local delivery of therapeutic agents, such as diclofenac sodium (DFNa), for intraarticular delivery. Drugs for parenteral delivery must be sterile, and radiation sterilization is a method recognized by pharmacopoeias to achieve sterility of drugs. However, irradiation might also affect the performance of drug delivery systems. One of the most critical points is irradiation dose, because certain undesirable chemical and physical changes may accompany with the treatment, especially with the traditionally applied dose of 25 kGy. The present study aims to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on DFNa-loaded liposomes/niosomes and lipogelosomes/niogelosomes for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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14
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Gamma irradiation of active self-healing PLGA microspheres for efficient aqueous encapsulation of vaccine antigens. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1768-78. [PMID: 23515830 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of γ-irradiation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Al(OH)₃/0 or 5 wt% diethyl phthalate (DEP) microspheres for active self-healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens. METHODS Microspheres were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co at 2.5 and 1.8 MRad and 0.37 and 0.20 MRad/h. Encapsulation of tetanus toxoid (TT) was achieved by mixing Al(OH)₃-PLGA microspheres with TT solution at 10-38°C. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine free radical formation. Glass transition temperature (T(g)) and molecular weight of PLGA was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. Loading and release of TT were examined by modified Bradford, amino acid analysis, and ELISA assays. RESULTS EPR spectroscopy results indicated absence of free radicals in PLGA microspheres after γ-irradiation. Antigen-sorbing capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and T(g) of the polymer were also not adversely affected. When DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at 0.2 MRad/h, some PLGA pores healed during irradiation and PLGA healing during encapsulation was suppressed. The molecular weight of PLGA was slightly reduced when DEP-loaded microspheres were irradiated at the same dose rate. At the 0.37 MRad/h dose rate, these trends were not observed and the full immunoreactivity of TT was preserved during encapsulation and 1-month release. Gamma irradiation slightly increased TT initial burst release. The small increase in total irradiation dose from 1.8 to 2.5 MRad had insignificant effect on the polymer and microspheres properties analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Gamma irradiation is a plausible approach to provide a terminally sterilized, self-healing encapsulation PLGA excipient for vaccine delivery.
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Cilurzo F, Puoci F, Selmin F, Iemma F, Minghetti P. Pyrogallic acid-PLGA conjugate as new biodegradable material suitable for final sterilization by irradiation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wiegand C, Abel M, Ruth P, Wilhelms T, Schulze D, Norgauer J, Hipler UC. Effect of the sterilization method on the performance of collagen type I on chronic wound parametersin vitro. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:710-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Slimani K, Moine L, Aymes-Chodur C, Laurent A, Labarre D, Yagoubi N. Determination of scission, crosslinking and branching parameters of electron beam irradiated methacrylate–acrylamide copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of ionizing radiation sterilization on microparticulate drug delivery systems based on poly-α-hydroxyacids: an overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cilurzo F, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Montanari L. Design of methylprednisolone biodegradable microspheres intended for intra-articular administration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1136-42. [PMID: 19009355 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to design methyprednisolone (MP)-loaded poly(D,L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) intended for intra-articular administration. MP was encapsulated in four different types of PLGA by using an S/O/W technique. The effects of beta-irradiation at the dose of 25 kGy were evaluated on the chemical and physicochemical properties of MS and the drug release profiles. The S/O/W technique with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as surfactant allowed obtaining MS in the tolerability size (7-50 microm) for intra-articular administration. The MP encapsulation efficiency ranged 56-60%. HPMC traces were evidenced in the loaded and placebo MS by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. MS made of the capped PLGA DL5050 2M (MS 2M) and uncapped PLGA DL5050 3A (MS 3A) prolonged the release of MP over a 2- to 3-month period with a triphasic (burst release-dormant period-second release pulse) and biphasic release pattern, respectively. The beta-irradiation did not significantly alter the morphology, chemical, and physicochemical properties of MS. The only variation was evidenced in the drug release for MS 2M in term of shorting of the dormant period. The minimal variations in the properties of irradiated PLGA MS, which are in disagreement with literature data, may be attributed to a radioprotecting effect exerted by HPMC.
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Dorati R, Colonna C, Tomasi C, Genta I, Modena T, Faucitano A, Buttafava A, Conti B. gamma-irradiation of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers: II. effect of oxygen and EPR investigation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1110-8. [PMID: 18987978 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate how the presence of oxygen can affect irradiation-induced degradation reactions of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers submitted to gamma irradiation and to investigate the radiolytic behavior of the polymers. PEGd,lPLA, PEG-PLGA, PLA, and PLGA were irradiated by using a (60)Co irradiation source in air and under vacuum at 25 kGy total dose. Mw and Mn were evaluated by gel permeation chromatography. The stability study was carried out on three samples sets: (a) polymer samples irradiated and stored in air, (b) polymer samples irradiated and stored under vacuum, and (c) polymer samples irradiated under vacuum and stored in air. The thermal and radiolytic behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. Samples irradiated in air showed remarkable Mw and Mn reduction and Tg value reduction due to radiation-induced chain scission reactions. Higher stability was observed for samples irradiated and stored under vacuum. EPR spectra showed that the presence of PEG units in multiblock copolymer chains leads to: (a) decrease of the radiolytic yield of radicals and (b) decrease of the radical trapping efficiency and faster radical decay rates. It can be concluded that the presence of oxygen during the irradiation process and the storage phase significantly increases the entity of irradiation-induced damage.
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Dorati R, Colonna C, Serra M, Genta I, Modena T, Pavanetto F, Perugini P, Conti B. gamma-Irradiation of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers. I. Effect of irradiation doses. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:718-25. [PMID: 18528761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different gamma irradiation doses on PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers. The behaviour of the multiblock copolymers to irradiation was compared to that of PLA, PLGA polymers. PEGd,lPLA, PEG-PLGA, PLA and PLGA polymers were irradiated by using a (60)Co irradiation source at 5, 15, 25 and 50 kGy total dose. Characterization was performed on all samples before and after irradiation, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared absorption spectrophotometry (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effect of gamma irradiation on polymer stability was also evaluated. Results of NMR and FTIR suggest an increase in -OH and -COOH groups, attributed to scission reactions induced by irradiation treatment. Data of GPC analysis showed that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polymer samples decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The extent of Mw degradation expressed as percentage of Mw reduction was more prominent for polymers with high molecular weight as PEGd,lPLA and PLA. The dominant effect of gamma-irradiation on both polymer samples was chain scission. The multiblock copolymer PEGd,lPLA presented higher sensitivity to irradiation treatment with respect to PLA, likely due to the presence of PEG in the matrix. The effect of gamma irradiation continues over a much longer period of time after gamma irradiation has been performed. It is suggested that the material reacts with oxygen to form peroxyl free radicals, which may further undergo degradation reactions during storage after irradiation.
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Ražem D, Katušin-Ražem B. The effects of irradiation on controlled drug delivery/controlled drug release systems. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bushell JA, Claybourn M, Murphy DM, Williams HE. An EPR, ENDOR and EIE study of gamma-irradiated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2006; 44:929-35. [PMID: 16847997 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) raw polymers and processed microspheres under vacuum and at 77 K results in the formation of a series of free radicals. The resulting powder electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum contains a distribution of several different radicals, depending on the annealing temperature, and is therefore difficult to interpret. By utilising the selectivity of the electron nuclear DOuble resonance (ENDOR) and associated ENDOR induced EPR (EIE) techniques, a more direct approach for the deconvolution of the EPR spectrum can be achieved. Using this approach, the radiolytically induced CH3 *CHC(O)R- chain scission radical was identified at 120 K by simulation of the EIE spectrum. At elevated temperatures (250 K), this radical decays considerably and the more stable radicals -O*CHC(O)-, CH3 *C(OR)C(O)- and CH3 *C(OH)C(O)- predominate. This work demonstrates the utility of the EIE approach to supplement and aid the interpretation of powder EPR spectra of radicals in a polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bushell
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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