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Conq J, Joudiou N, Préat V, Gallez B. Exploring the Impact of Irradiation on Glioblastoma Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability: Insights from Dynamic-Contrast-Enhanced-MRI and Histological Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1091. [PMID: 38791053 PMCID: PMC11118616 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glioblastoma (GB) presents a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology due to its aggressive nature, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) complicates treatment by hindering drug delivery to the tumor site, particularly to the infiltrative cells in the margin of the tumor, which are mainly responsible for tumor recurrence. Innovative strategies are therefore needed to enhance drug delivery in the margins of the tumor. This study explores whether irradiation can enhance BBB permeability by assessing hemodynamic changes and the distribution of contrast agents in the core and the margins of GB tumors. (2) Methods: Mice grafted with U-87MG cells were exposed to increasing irradiation doses. The distribution of contrast agents and hemodynamic parameters was evaluated using both non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques with gadolinium-DOTA as a contrast agent and invasive histological analysis with Evans blue, a fluorescent vascular leakage marker. Diffusion-MRI was also used to assess cytotoxic effects. (3) Results: The histological study revealed a complex dose-dependent effect of irradiation on BBB integrity, with increased vascular leakage at 5 Gy but reduced leakage at higher doses (10 and 15 Gy). However, there was no significant increase in the diffusion of Gd-DOTA outside the tumor area by MRI. (4) Conclusions: The increase in BBB permeability could be an interesting approach to enhance drug delivery in glioblastoma margins for low irradiation doses. In this model, DCE-MRI analysis was of limited value in assessing the BBB opening in glioblastoma after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Conq
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
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2
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Tehrani MHH, Moradi Kashkooli F, Soltani M. Effect of tumor heterogeneity on enhancing drug delivery to vascularized tumors using thermo-sensitive liposomes triggered by hyperthermia: A multi-scale and multi-physics computational model. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108050. [PMID: 38308872 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel multi-scale and multi-physics image-based computational model is introduced to assess the delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) loaded temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) in the presence of hyperthermia. Unlike previous methodologies, this approach incorporates capillary network geometry extracted from images, resulting in a more realistic physiological tumor model. This model holds significant promise in advancing personalized medicine by integrating patient-specific tumor properties. The finite element method is employed to solve the equations governing intravascular and interstitial fluid flows, as well as the transport of therapeutic agents within the tissue. Realistic biological conditions and intricate processes like intravascular pressure, drug binding to cells, and cellular uptake are also considered to enhance the model's accuracy. The results underscore the significant impact of vascular architecture on treatment outcomes. Variation in vascular network pattern yielded changes of up to 38 % in the fraction of killed cells (FKCs) parameter under identical conditions. Pressure control of the parent vessels can also improve FKCs by approximately 17 %. Tailoring the treatment plan based on tumor-specific parameters emerged as a critical factor influencing treatment efficacy. For instance, changing the time interval between the administration of Dox-loaded TSLs and hyperthermia can result in a 48 % improvement in treatment outcomes. Additionally, devising a customized heating schedule led to a 20 % increase in treatment efficacy. Our proposed model highlights the significant effect of tumor characteristics and vascular network structure on the final treatment outcomes of the presented combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H H Tehrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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3
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Huang S, Ohtani K, Xu L, Guo Y. Engineered Polymeric Nanovector for Intracellular Peptide Delivery in Antitumor Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5343-5363. [PMID: 37746048 PMCID: PMC10517702 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to deliver a polypeptide from the Bax-BH3 domain (BHP) through the synthesis of self-assembled amphiphile nanovectors (NVs) and to assess their potential for cancer therapeutic applications and biological safety in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide valuable options for cancer intervention and a novel approach for the rational design of therapeutics. Methods We studied the antitumor activity of BHP by preparing RGDfK-PHPMA-b-Poly (MMA-alt-(Rhob-MA)) (RPPMMRA) and encapsulating it in BHP-NV. We also performed a series of characterizations and property analyses of RPPMMRA, including its size, stability, and drug-carrying capacity. The biocompatibility of RPPMMRA was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity and hemolytic effects. The pro-apoptotic capacity of BHP was evaluated in vitro using mitochondrial membrane potential, flow cytometry, and apoptosis visualization techniques. The potential therapeutic effects of BHP on tumors were explored using reverse molecular docking. We also investigated the in vivo proapoptotic effect of BHP-NV in a nude mouse tumor model. Results NVs were successfully prepared with hydrated particle sizes ranging from 189.6 nm to 256.6 nm, spherical overall, and were able to remain stable in different media for 72 h with drug loading up to 15.2%. The NVs were be successfully internalized within 6 h with good biocompatibility. Neither BHP nor NV showed significant toxicity when administered alone, however, BHP-NV demonstrated significant side effects in vitro and in vivo. The apoptosis rate increased significantly from 14.13% to 66.34%. Experiments in vivo showed that BHP-NV exhibited significant apoptotic and tumor-suppressive effects. Conclusion A targeted fluorescent NV with high drug delivery efficiency and sustained release protected the active center of BHP, constituting BHP-NV for targeted delivery. RPPMMRA demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, stability, and drug loading ability, whereas and BHP-NV demonstrated potent antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People’s Republic of China
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Fan D, Cao Y, Cao M, Wang Y, Cao Y, Gong T. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:293. [PMID: 37544972 PMCID: PMC10404590 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a highly lethal disease in the world. Currently, either conventional cancer therapies or modern immunotherapies are non-tumor-targeted therapeutic approaches that cannot accurately distinguish malignant cells from healthy ones, giving rise to multiple undesired side effects. Recent advances in nanotechnology, accompanied by our growing understanding of cancer biology and nano-bio interactions, have led to the development of a series of nanocarriers, which aim to improve the therapeutic efficacy while reducing off-target toxicity of the encapsulated anticancer agents through tumor tissue-, cell-, or organelle-specific targeting. However, the vast majority of nanocarriers do not possess hierarchical targeting capability, and their therapeutic indices are often compromised by either poor tumor accumulation, inefficient cellular internalization, or inaccurate subcellular localization. This Review outlines current and prospective strategies in the design of tumor tissue-, cell-, and organelle-targeted cancer nanomedicines, and highlights the latest progress in hierarchical targeting technologies that can dynamically integrate these three different stages of static tumor targeting to maximize therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we briefly discuss the current challenges and future opportunities for the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahua Fan
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China.
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yongkai Cao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | | | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Wang X, Zhang H, Chen X, Wu C, Ding K, Sun G, Luo Y, Xiang D. Overcoming tumor microenvironment obstacles: Current approaches for boosting nanodrug delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:42-68. [PMID: 37257574 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, efficacy improvement, and side effect reduction, various types of nanoparticles are employed. However, their therapeutic effects are not ideal. This phenomenon is caused by tumor microenvironment abnormalities such as abnormal blood vessels, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and dense extracellular matrix that affect nanoparticle penetration into the tumor's interstitium. Furthermore, nanoparticle properties including size, charge, and shape affect nanoparticle transport into tumors. This review comprehensively goes over the factors hindering nanoparticle penetration into tumors and describes methods for improving nanoparticle distribution by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and optimizing nanoparticle physicochemical properties. Finally, a critical analysis of future development of nanodrug delivery in oncology is further discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews the factors that hinder the distribution of nanoparticles in tumors, and describes existing methods and approaches for improving the tumor accumulation from the aspects of remodeling the tumor microenvironment and optimizing the properties of nanoparticles. The description of the existing methods and approaches is followed by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages and put forward possible directions for the future researches. At last, the challenges of improving tumor accumulation in nanomedicines design were also discussed. This review will be of great interest to the broad readers who are committed to delivering nanomedicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chunrong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Debing Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China.
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Egorova VS, Kolesova EP, Lopus M, Yan N, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Smart Delivery Systems Responsive to Cathepsin B Activity for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1848. [PMID: 37514035 PMCID: PMC10386206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, contributing to vital cellular homeostatic processes including protein turnover, macroautophagy of damaged organelles, antigen presentation, and in the extracellular space, it takes part in tissue remodeling, prohormone processing, and activation. However, aberrant overexpression of cathepsin B and its enzymatic activity is associated with different pathological conditions, including cancer. Cathepsin B overexpression in tumor tissues makes this enzyme an important target for smart delivery systems, responsive to the activity of this enzyme. The generation of technologies which therapeutic effect is activated as a result of cathepsin B cleavage provides an opportunity for tumor-targeted therapy and controlled drug release. In this review, we summarized different technologies designed to improve current cancer treatments responsive to the activity of this enzyme that were shown to play a key role in disease progression and response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Vidyanagari, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Neng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Goyal P, Malviya R. Advances in nuclei targeted delivery of nanoparticles for the management of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188881. [PMID: 36965678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
A carrier is inserted into the appropriate organelles (nucleus) in successful medication transport, crucial to achieving very effective illness treatment. Cell-membrane targeting is the major focus of using nuclei to localize delivery. It has been demonstrated that high quantities of anticancer drugs can be injected directly into the nuclei of cancer cells, causing the cancer cells to die and increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. There are several effective ways to functionalize Nanoparticles (NPs), including changing their chemical makeup or attaching functional groups to their surface to increase their ability to target organelles. To cause tumor cells to apoptosis, released medicines must engage with molecular targets on particular organelles when their concentration is high enough. Targeted medication delivery studies will increasingly focus on organelle-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhang D, He J, Zhou M. Radiation-assisted strategies provide new perspectives to improve the nanoparticle delivery to tumor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114642. [PMID: 36529190 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), with advantages in tumor targeting, have been extensively developed for anticancer treatment. However, the delivery efficacy of NPs tends to be heterogeneous in clinical research. Surprisingly, a traditional cancer treatment, radiotherapy (radiation), has been observed with the potential to improve the delivery of NPs by influencing the features of the tumor microenvironment, which provides new perspectives to overcome the barriers in the NPs delivery. Since the effect of radiation can also be enhanced by versatile NPs, these findings of radiation-assisted NPs delivery suggest innovative strategies combining radiotherapy with nanotherapeutics. This review summarizes the research on the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of NPs that are improved by radiation, focusing on relative mechanisms and existing challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jian He
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Sun R, Xiang J, Zhou Q, Piao Y, Tang J, Shao S, Zhou Z, Bae YH, Shen Y. The tumor EPR effect for cancer drug delivery: Current status, limitations, and alternatives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114614. [PMID: 36347432 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been considered the basis of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Various cancer nanomedicines, including macromolecular drugs, have been designed to utilize this mechanism for preferential extravasation and accumulation in solid tumors. However, such nanomedicines have not yet achieved convincing therapeutic benefits in clinics. Increasing evidence suggests that the EPR effect is over-represented in human tumors, especially in metastatic tumors. This review covers the evolution of the concept, the heterogeneity and limitation of the EPR effect in clinical realities, and prospects for alternative strategies independent of the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - You Han Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting—A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9396760. [PMID: 36284633 PMCID: PMC9588330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9396760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collected regarding cancer and drug-targeting approaches from well reputed databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer. The articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 were considered. Due to the existence of various mechanisms, it is challenging to choose which one is appropriate for a specific case. Moreover, a combination of more than one approach is often utilized to achieve optimal drug effects. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted central mechanisms of how the targeted drug delivery system works in the specific diseased microenvironment, along with the strategies to make an approach more effective. We have also included some pictorial illustrations to have a precise idea about different types of drug targeting. The core contribution of this work includes providing a cancer drug development scientist with a broad preliminary idea to choose the appropriate approach among the various targeted drug delivery mechanisms. Also, the study will contribute to improving anticancer treatment approaches by providing a pathway for lesser side effects observed in conventional chemotherapeutic techniques.
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Ikeda-Imafuku M, Wang LLW, Rodrigues D, Shaha S, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Strategies to improve the EPR effect: A mechanistic perspective and clinical translation. J Control Release 2022; 345:512-536. [PMID: 35337939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to enhance their efficacy and to reduce their adverse effects. These efforts include the development of nanomedicines as they can selectively penetrate through tumor blood vessels through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The EPR effect was first proposed by Maeda and co-workers in 1986, and since then various types of nanoparticles have been developed to take advantage of the phenomenon with regards to drug delivery. However, the EPR effect has been found to be highly variable and thus unreliable due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Various physical and pharmacological strategies have been explored to overcome this challenge. Here, we review key advances and emerging concepts of such EPR-enhancing strategies. Furthermore, we analyze 723 clinical trials of nanoparticles with EPR enhancers and discuss their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA.
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Papaioannou L, Avgoustakis K. Responsive nanomedicines enhanced by or enhancing physical modalities to treat solid cancer tumors: Preclinical and clinical evidence of safety and efficacy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114075. [PMID: 34883140 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has improved cancer treatment but not to the extent anticipated. Responsive nanomedicines enhanced by physical modalities (radiation, ultrasounds, alternating magnetic fields) or enhancing the activity of physical modalities such as radiotherapy to kill cancer represents an important approach in improving the safety and anticancer effectiveness. Importantly, the combined treatments have shown promise for the treatment of difficult to treat tumors, such as tumors that are resistant to chemotherapy (multi drug resistant, MDR) or radiotherapy and hypoxic tumors, and for the prevention of tumor metastasis. In this review, the mechanisms of responsive nanomedicines activity enhancement by physical means and vice versa are presented and preclinical and, most importantly, clinical evidence of the safety and efficacy of nanomedicines enhanced by or enhancing by physical modalities in treating solid tumors are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligeri Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Avgoustakis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
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13
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Price LS, Rivera JN, Madden AJ, Herity LB, Piscitelli JA, Mageau S, Santos CM, Roques JR, Midkiff B, Feinberg NN, Darr D, Chang SX, Zamboni WC. Minibeam radiation therapy enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211053700. [PMID: 34733359 PMCID: PMC8558804 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211053700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minibeam radiation therapy is an experimental radiation therapy utilizing an array of parallel submillimeter planar X-ray beams. In preclinical studies, minibeam radiation therapy has been shown to eradicate tumors and cause significantly less damage to normal tissue compared to equivalent radiation doses delivered by conventional broadbeam radiation therapy, where radiation dose is uniformly distributed. METHODS Expanding on prior studies that suggested minibeam radiation therapy increased perfusion in tumors, we compared a single fraction of minibeam radiation therapy (peak dose:valley dose of 28 Gy:2.1 Gy and 100 Gy:7.5 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) in their ability to enhance tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and alter the tumor microenvironment in a murine tumor model. Plasma and tumor pharmacokinetic studies of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and tumor microenvironment profiling were performed in a genetically engineered mouse model of claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer (T11). RESULTS Minibeam radiation therapy (28 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) increased PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin tumor delivery by 7.1-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, compared to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin alone, without altering the plasma disposition. The enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by minibeam radiation therapy is consistent after repeated dosing, is associated with changes in tumor macrophages but not collagen or angiogenesis, and nontoxic to local tissues. Our study indicated that the minibeam radiation therapy's ability to enhance the drug delivery decreases from 28 to 100 Gy peak dose. DISCUSSION Our studies suggest that low-dose minibeam radiation therapy is a safe and effective method to significantly enhance the tumor delivery of nanoparticle agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S.L. Price
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development (TOND2I) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith N. Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Madden
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development (TOND2I) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah B. Herity
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development (TOND2I) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A. Piscitelli
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development (TOND2I) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Savannah Mageau
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Advanced Translational Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry (ATPAC) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charlene M. Santos
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Animal Studies Core, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose R. Roques
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Animal Studies Core, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bentley Midkiff
- Translational Pathology Lab, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nana N. Feinberg
- Translational Pathology Lab, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Darr
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sha X. Chang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1022B Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Road, Campus Box 7361, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7361, USA
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development (TOND2I) Lab, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (C-CCNE), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- North Carolina Biomedical Innovation Network, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Nanoparticle Delivery in Prostate Tumors Implanted in Mice Facilitated by Either Local or Whole-Body Heating. FLUIDS 2021; 6. [PMID: 34651038 PMCID: PMC8513505 DOI: 10.3390/fluids6080272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work discusses in vivo experiments that were performed to evaluate whether local or whole-body heating to 40 °C reduced interstitial fluid pressures (IFPs) and enhanced nanoparticle delivery to subcutaneous PC3 human prostate cancer xenograft tumors in mice. After heating, 0.2 mL of a previously developed nanofluid containing gold nanoparticles (10 mg Au/mL) was injected via the tail vein. The induced whole-body hyperthermia led to increases in tumor and mouse body blood perfusion rates of more than 50% and 25%, respectively, while the increases were much smaller in the local heating group. In the whole-body hyperthermia groups, the IFP reduction from the baseline at the tumor center immediately after heating was found to be statistically significant when compared to the control group. The 1 h of local heating group showed IFP reductions at the tumor center, while the IFPs increased in the periphery of the tumor. The intratumoral gold nanoparticle accumulation was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Compared to the control group, 1 h or 4 h of experiencing whole-body hyperthermia resulted in an average increase of 51% or 67% in the gold deposition in tumors, respectively. In the 1 h of local heating group, the increase in the gold deposition was 34%. Our results suggest that 1 h of mild whole-body hyperthermia may be a cost-effective and readily implementable strategy for facilitating nanoparticle delivery to PC3 tumors in mice.
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15
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Yi X, Shen M, Liu X, Gu J. Emerging strategies based on nanomaterials for ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment of cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13943-13961. [PMID: 34477676 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug-radiotherapy is a common and effective combinational treatment for cancer. This study aimed to explore the ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment based on nanomaterials so as to improve the synergistic efficacy of drug-radiotherapy against cancer and limit the adverse effect on healthy organs. In this review, these emerging strategies were divided into four parts. First, the delivery of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was optimized owing to the strengthened passive targeting process, active targeting process, and cell targeting process of nanoparticles after ionizing radiation exposure. Second, nanomaterials were designed to respond to the ionizing radiation, thus leading to the release of the loading drugs controllably. Third, radiation-activated pro-drugs were loaded onto nanoparticles for radiation-triggered drug therapy. In particular, nontoxic nanoparticles with radiosensitization capability and innocuous radio-dynamic contrast agents can be considered as radiation-activated drugs, which were discussed in this review. Fourth, according to the various synergetic mechanisms, radiotherapy could improve the drug response of cancer, obtaining optimized drug-radiotherapy. Finally, relative suggestions were provided to further optimize these aforementioned strategies. Therefore, a novel topic was selected and the emerging strategies in this region were discussed, aiming to stimulate the inspiration for the development of ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment based on nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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16
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Quantitative Radionuclide Imaging Analysis of Enhanced Drug Delivery Induced by Photoimmunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158316. [PMID: 34361080 PMCID: PMC8348642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an upcoming potential cancer treatment modality, the effect of which is improved in combination with chemotherapy. PIT causes a super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR) effect. Here, we quantitatively evaluated the SUPR effect using radiolabeled drugs of varying molecular weights (18F-5FU, 111In-DTPA, 99mTc-HSA-D, and 111In-IgG) to determine the appropriate drug size. PIT was conducted with an indocyanine green-labeled anti-HER2 antibody and an 808 nm laser irradiation. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with HER2-positive cells in both hindlimbs. The tumor on one side was treated with PIT, and the contralateral side was not treated. The differences between tumor accumulations were evaluated using positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography. Imaging studies found increased tumor accumulation of agents after PIT. PIT-treated tumors showed significantly increased uptake of 18F-5FU (p < 0.001) and 99mTc-HSA-D (p < 0.001). A tendency toward increased accumulation of 111In-DTPA and 111In-IgG was observed. These findings suggest that some low- and medium-molecular-weight agents are promising candidates for combined PIT, as are macromolecules; hence, administration after PIT could enhance their efficacy. Our findings encourage further preclinical and clinical studies to develop a combination therapy of PIT with conventional anticancer drugs.
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17
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Subhan MA, Yalamarty SSK, Filipczak N, Parveen F, Torchilin VP. Recent Advances in Tumor Targeting via EPR Effect for Cancer Treatment. J Pers Med 2021; 11:571. [PMID: 34207137 PMCID: PMC8234032 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes the second-highest rate of death world-wide. A major shortcoming inherent in most of anticancer drugs is their lack of tumor selectivity. Nanodrugs for cancer therapy administered intravenously escape renal clearance, are unable to penetrate through tight endothelial junctions of normal blood vessels and remain at a high level in plasma. Over time, the concentration of nanodrugs builds up in tumors due to the EPR effect, reaching several times higher than that of plasma due to the lack of lymphatic drainage. This review will address in detail the progress and prospects of tumor-targeting via EPR effect for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.K.Y.); (N.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Nina Filipczak
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.K.Y.); (N.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Farzana Parveen
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.K.Y.); (N.F.); (F.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.K.Y.); (N.F.); (F.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Huang D, Sun L, Huang L, Chen Y. Nanodrug Delivery Systems Modulate Tumor Vessels to Increase the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect. J Pers Med 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33672813 PMCID: PMC7917988 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomedicine for antitumor therapy has been extensively investigated for a long time. Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-mediated drug delivery is currently regarded as an effective way to bring drugs to tumors, especially macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers. However, a disordered vessel network, and occluded or embolized tumor blood vessels seriously limit the EPR effect. To augment the EPR effect and improve curative effects, in this review, we focused on the perspective of tumor blood vessels, and analyzed the relationship among abnormal angiogenesis, abnormal vascular structure, irregular blood flow, extensive permeability of tumor vessels, and the EPR effect. In this commentary, nanoparticles including liposomes, micelles, and polymers extravasate through the tumor vasculature, which are based on modulating tumor vessels, to increase the EPR effect, thereby increasing their therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingna Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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19
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Singh M, Ma R, Zhu L. Theoretical evaluation of enhanced gold nanoparticle delivery to PC3 tumors due to increased hydraulic conductivity or recovered lymphatic function after mild whole body hyperthermia. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:301-313. [PMID: 33432508 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hyperthermia-induced improvement of hydraulic conductivity and lymphatic function on both tumoral IFP reduction and nanoparticle delivery to PC3 tumors. We developed a theoretical model for nanoparticle transport in a tumor incorporating Starling's law, Darcy's law, transient convection, and diffusion of chemical species in porous media, and nanoparticle accumulation in tumors. Results have shown that both mechanisms were effective to decrease the IFP at the tumor center from 1600 Pa in the control without heating to 800 Pa in tumors with whole body heating. IFP reductions not only elevate the nanoparticle concentration in the tumor, but also result in a more uniform nanoparticle concentration in the tumor than that in the control without heating. Due to the IFP reductions at the tumor center and/or local blood perfusion increases, the final amount of accumulated nanoparticles in the tumor increased by more than 35-95% when compared to the control without heating. We conclude that increases in the hydraulic conductivity and recovery of lymphatic functions are possible mechanisms that lead to IFP reductions and enhancement in nanoparticle deposition in PC3 tumors observed in our in vivo experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Ronghui Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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20
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Saw WS, Anasamy T, Foo YY, Kwa YC, Kue CS, Yeong CH, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Chung LY. Delivery of Nanoconstructs in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yee Chu Kwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Management and Science University Shah Alam Selangor 40100 Malaysia
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- School of Biosciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
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21
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Fakhri KU, Sultan A, Mushtaque M, Hasan MR, Nafees S, Hafeez ZB, Zafaryab M, Rizwanullah M, Sharma D, Bano F, AlMalki WH, Ahmad FJ, Rizvi MMA. Obstructions in Nanoparticles Conveyance, Nano-Drug Retention, and EPR Effect in Cancer Therapies. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6530-8.ch026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors first review nano-devices that are mixtures of biologic molecules and synthetic polymers like nano-shells and nano-particles for the most encouraging applications for different cancer therapies. Nano-sized medications additionally spill especially into tumor tissue through penetrable tumor vessels and are then held in the tumor bed because of diminished lymphatic drainage. This procedure is known as the enhanced penetrability and retention (EPR) impact. Nonetheless, while the EPR impact is generally held to improve conveyance of nano-medications to tumors, it in certainty offers not exactly a 2-overlay increment in nano-drug conveyance contrasted with basic ordinary organs, bringing about medication concentration that is not adequate for restoring most malignant growths. In this chapter, the authors likewise review different obstructions for nano-sized medication conveyance and to make the conveyance of nano-sized medications to tumors progressively successful by expanding on the EPR impact..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Md Zafaryab
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Farhad Bano
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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22
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Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Krishnan S, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Therapy Bioengineering in Glioma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558375. [PMID: 33365304 PMCID: PMC7750507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a dismal disease associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Current standard treatments have reached a therapeutic plateau even after combining maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. In this setting, stem cells (SCs) have risen as a promising therapeutic armamentarium, given their intrinsic tumor homing as well as their natural or bioengineered antitumor properties. The interplay between stem cells and other therapeutic approaches such as nanoparticles holds the potential to synergize the advantages from the combined therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles represent a broad spectrum of synthetic and natural biomaterials that have been proven effective in expanding diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, either used alone or in combination with immune, genetic, or cellular therapies. Stem cells have been bioengineered using these biomaterials to enhance their natural properties as well as to act as their vehicle when anticancer nanoparticles need to be delivered into the tumor microenvironment in a very precise manner. Here, we describe the recent developments of this new paradigm in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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23
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Gouarderes S, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Gibot L. Vascular and extracellular matrix remodeling by physical approaches to improve drug delivery at the tumor site. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1703-1726. [PMID: 32838565 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1814735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modern comprehensive studies of tumor microenvironment changes allowed scientists to develop new and more efficient strategies that will improve anticancer drug delivery on site. The tumor microenvironment, especially the dense extracellular matrix, has a recognized capability to hamper the penetration of conventional drugs. Development and co-applications of strategies aiming at remodeling the tumor microenvironment are highly demanded to improve drug delivery at the tumor site in a therapeutic prospect. AREAS COVERED Increasing indications suggest that classical physical approaches such as exposure to ionizing radiations, hyperthermia or light irradiation, and emerging ones as sonoporation, electric field or cold plasma technology can be applied as standalone or associated strategies to remodel the tumor microenvironment. The impacts on vasculature and extracellular matrix remodeling of these physical approaches will be discussed with the goal to improve nanotherapeutics delivery at the tumor site. EXPERT OPINION Physical approaches to modulate vascular properties and remodel the extracellular matrix are of particular interest to locally control and improve drug delivery and thus increase its therapeutic index. They are particularly powerful as adjuvant to nanomedicine delivery; the development of these technologies could have extremely widespread implications for cancer treatment.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gouarderes
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier , Toulouse, France
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24
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Lim H, Martínez-Santiesteban F, Jensen MD, Chen A, Wong E, Scholl TJ. Monitoring Early Changes in Tumor Metabolism in Response to Therapy Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI in a Preclinical Model of Glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:290-300. [PMID: 32879899 PMCID: PMC7442089 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the use of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical tumor model. 13C-labeled pyruvate was used to monitor early changes in tumor metabolism based on the Warburg effect. High-grade malignant tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity and lactate production to promote proliferation. A rodent glioma model was used to explore altered lactate production after therapy as an early imaging biomarker for therapeutic response. Rodents were surgically implanted with C6 glioma cells and separated into 4 groups, namely, no therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined therapy. Animals were imaged serially at 6 different time points with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI and conventional 1H imaging. Using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI, alterations in tumor metabolism were detected as changes in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate (measured as Lac/Pyr ratio) and compared with the conventional method of detecting therapeutic response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Moreover, each therapy group expressed different characteristic changes in tumor metabolism. The group that received no therapy showed a gradual increase of Lac/Pyr ratio within the tumor. The radiotherapy group showed large variations in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio. The chemo- and combined-therapy groups showed a statistically significant reduction in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio; however, only combined therapy was capable of suppressing tumor growth, which resulted in low endpoint mortality rate. Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI detected a prompt reduction in Lac/Pyr ratio as early as 2 days post combined chemo- and radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Zhu YX, Jia HR, Gao G, Pan GY, Jiang YW, Li P, Zhou N, Li C, She C, Ulrich NW, Chen Z, Wu FG. Mitochondria-acting nanomicelles for destruction of cancer cells via excessive mitophagy/autophagy-driven lethal energy depletion and phototherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Liu JF, Lan Z, Ferrari C, Stein JM, Higbee-Dempsey E, Yan L, Amirshaghaghi A, Cheng Z, Issadore D, Tsourkas A. Use of Oppositely Polarized External Magnets To Improve the Accumulation and Penetration of Magnetic Nanocarriers into Solid Tumors. ACS NANO 2020; 14:142-152. [PMID: 31854966 PMCID: PMC7002255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to solid tumors is hindered by hydrostatic and physical barriers that limit the penetration of nanocarriers into tumor tissue. When exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for passive targeting of nanocarriers, the increased interstitial fluid pressure and dense extracellular matrix in tumors limits the distribution of the nanocarriers to perivascular regions. Previous strategies have shown that magnetophoresis enhances accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles into solid tumors. However, because magnetic fields fall off rapidly with distance from the magnet, these methods have been limited to use in superficial tumors. To overcome this problem, we have developed a system comprising two oppositely polarized magnets that enables the penetration of magnetic nanocarriers into more deeply seeded tumors. Using this method, we demonstrate a 5-fold increase in the penetration and a 3-fold increase in the accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles within solid tumors compared to EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carolina Ferrari
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel M. Stein
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth Higbee-Dempsey
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lesan Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ahmad Amirshaghaghi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Corresponding Author: Andrew Tsourkas, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. , David Issadore, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Corresponding Author: Andrew Tsourkas, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. , David Issadore, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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27
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Dasgupta A, Biancacci I, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Imaging-assisted anticancer nanotherapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:956-967. [PMID: 31938045 PMCID: PMC6956808 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicines are submicrometer-sized formulations designed to improve the biodistribution of anticancer drugs, resulting in less off-target localization, altered toxicity profiles, improved target site accumulation and enhanced efficacy. Together, these beneficial features have resulted in the regulatory approval of about a dozen nanomedicines for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in combining nanomedicines with imaging, to better understand key aspects of the tumor-targeted drug delivery process, and to address the high inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Strategies explored in this regard have included the use of traditional imaging techniques, companion diagnostics and nanotheranostics. Preclinically, integrating imaging in nanomedicine and drug delivery research has enabled the non-invasive and quantitative assessment of nanocarrier biodistribution, target site accumulation and (triggered) drug release. Clinically, imaging has been emerging as a promising tool for patient stratification, which is urgently needed to improve the translation of cancer nanomedicines. We here summarize recent progress in imaging-assisted anticancer nanotherapy and we discuss future strategies to improve the performance of cancer nanomedicines in patients.
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28
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Dhaliwal A, Zheng G. Improving accessibility of EPR-insensitive tumor phenotypes using EPR-adaptive strategies: Designing a new perspective in nanomedicine delivery. Theranostics 2019; 9:8091-8108. [PMID: 31754383 PMCID: PMC6857058 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has underlain the predominant nanomedicine design philosophy for the past three decades. However, growing evidence suggests that it is over-represented in preclinical models, and agents designed solely using its principle of passive accumulation can only be applied to a narrow subset of clinical tumors. For this reason, strategies that can improve upon the EPR effect to facilitate nanomedicine delivery to otherwise non-responsive tumors are required for broad clinical translation. EPR-adaptive nanomedicine delivery comprises a class of chemical and physical techniques that modify tumor accessibility in an effort to increase agent delivery and therapeutic effect. In the present review, we overview the primary benefits and limitations of radiation, ultrasound, hyperthermia, and photodynamic therapy as physical strategies for EPR-adaptive delivery to EPR-insensitive tumor phenotypes, and we reflect upon changes in the preclinical research pathway that should be implemented in order to optimally validate and develop these delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dhaliwal
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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29
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Pershina AG, Brikunova OY, Demin AM, Shevelev OB, Razumov IA, Zavjalov EL, Malkeyeva D, Kiseleva E, Krakhmal' NV, Vtorushin SV, Yarnykh VL, Ivanov VV, Pleshko RI, Krasnov VP, Ogorodova LM. pH-triggered delivery of magnetic nanoparticles depends on tumor volume. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 23:102086. [PMID: 31449887 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is growing recognition of the fact that biological systems have a greater impact on nanoparticle target delivery in tumors than nanoparticle design. Here we investigate the targeted delivery of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with pH-low-insertion peptide (MNP-pHLIP) on orthotopically induced MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts of varying volumes as a model of cancer progression. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent determination of iron content in tumor samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy we found that MNP-pHLIP accumulation depends on tumor volume. Transmission electron microscopy, histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples suggest that blood vessel distribution is the key factor in determining the success of the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Pershina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Olga Ya Brikunova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg B Shevelev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Razumov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Dina Malkeyeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Vasily L Yarnykh
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, WA, USA; Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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30
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Gao G, Jiang YW, Sun W, Guo Y, Jia HR, Yu XW, Pan GY, Wu FG. Molecular Targeting-Mediated Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy with a Smart Albumin-Based Nanodrug. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900501. [PMID: 31282114 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) usually requires hyperthermia >50 °C for effective tumor ablation, which inevitably induces heating damage to the surrounding normal tissues/organs. Moreover, low tumor retention and high liver accumulation are the two main obstacles that significantly limit the efficacy and safety of many nanomedicines. To solve these problems, a smart albumin-based tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoagent is designed via the self-assembly of human serum albumin (HSA), dc-IR825 (a cyanine dye and a photothermal agent), and gambogic acid (GA, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor and an anticancer agent) to realize molecular targeting-mediated mild-temperature PTT. The formed HSA/dc-IR825/GA nanoparticles (NPs) can escape from mitochondria to the cytosol through mitochondrial disruption under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Moreover, the GA molecules block the hyperthermia-induced overexpression of HSP90, achieving the reduced thermoresistance of tumor cells and effective PTT at a mild temperature (<45 °C). Furthermore, HSA/dc-IR825/GA NPs show pH-responsive charge reversal, effective tumor accumulation, and negligible liver deposition, ultimately facilitating synergistic mild-temperature PTT and chemotherapy. Taken together, the NIR-activated NPs allow the release of molecular drugs more precisely, ablate tumors more effectively, and inhibit cancer metastasis more persistently, which will advance the development of novel mild-temperature PTT-based combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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31
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32
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DuRoss AN, Neufeld MJ, Rana S, Thomas CR, Sun C. Integrating nanomedicine into clinical radiotherapy regimens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:35-56. [PMID: 31279729 PMCID: PMC6745263 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the advancement of clinical radiotherapy was driven by technological innovations throughout the 20th century, continued improvement relies on rational combination therapies derived from biological insights. In this review, we highlight the importance of combination radiotherapy in the era of precision medicine. Specifically, we survey and summarize the areas of research where improved understanding in cancer biology will propel the field of radiotherapy forward by allowing integration of novel nanotechnology-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N DuRoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Megan J Neufeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Shushan Rana
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Conroy Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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33
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Tumor heterogeneity and nanoparticle-mediated tumor targeting: the importance of delivery system personalization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1508-1526. [PMID: 30128797 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in 1986, it was envisioned that nanoparticle-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics would make a radical change in cancer therapy. However, after three decades of extensive research, only a few nanotherapeutics have been approved for clinical use. Although significant advantages of nanomedicines have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, clinical outcome was found to be variable. Advanced research has revealed that significant biochemical and structural variations exist between (and among) different tumors. These variations can considerably affect the tumor delivery and efficacy of nanomedicines. Tumor penetration is an important determining factor for positive therapeutic outcome and same nanomedicine can show diverse efficacy against different tumors depending on the extent of tumor accumulation and penetration. Recent research has started shading light on how the tumor variations can influence nanoparticle tumor delivery. These findings indicate that there is no "ideal" design of nanoparticles for exhibiting equally high efficacy against a broad spectrum of tumors. For achieving maximum benefit of the nanotherapeutics, it is necessary to analyze the tumor microenvironment for understanding the biological and structural characteristics of the tumor. Designing of the nanomedicine should be done according to the tumor characteristics. In this comprehensive review, we have first given a brief overview of the design characteristics of nanomedicine which impact their tumor delivery. Then we discussed about the variability in the tumor architecture and how it influences nanomedicine delivery. Finally, we have discussed the possibility of delivery system personalization based on the tumor characteristics.
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34
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Stapleton S, Dunne M, Milosevic M, Tran CW, Gold MJ, Vedadi A, Mckee TD, Ohashi PS, Allen C, Jaffray DA. Radiation and Heat Improve the Delivery and Efficacy of Nanotherapeutics by Modulating Intratumoral Fluid Dynamics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7583-7600. [PMID: 30004666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine drug delivery systems are capable of transporting significant payloads to solid tumors. However, only a modest increase in antitumor efficacy relative to the standard of care has been observed. In this study, we demonstrate that a single dose of radiation or mild hyperthermia can substantially improve tumor uptake and distribution of nanotherapeutics, resulting in improved treatment efficacy. The delivery of nanomedicine was driven by a reduction in interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and small perturbation of steady-state fluid flow. The transient effects on fluid dynamics in tumors with high IFP was also shown to dominate over immune cell endocytic capacity, another mechanism suspected of improving drug delivery. Furthermore, we demonstrate the specificity of this mechanism by showing that delivery of nanotherapeutics to low IFP tumors with high leukocyte infiltration does not benefit from pretreatment with radiation or heat. These results demonstrate that focusing on small perturbations to steady-state fluid dynamics, rather than large sustained effects or uncertain immune cell recruitment strategies, can impart a vulnerability to tumors with high IFP and enhance nanotherapeutic drug delivery and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Stapleton
- Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Michael Dunne
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3E2 , Canada
| | - Charles W Tran
- Department of Immunology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 1A1 , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Department of Immunology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5G 1L7 , Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 3E2 , Canada
- Techna Institute , University Health Network , Toronto , ON M5G 1L5 , Canada
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35
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Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Chalmers AJ, Hellevik T. Radiation-Induced Transformation of Immunoregulatory Networks in the Tumor Stroma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1679. [PMID: 30105016 PMCID: PMC6077256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of novel cancer immunotherapies in the form of immune checkpoint blockers represents a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, and has renewed enthusiasm for identifying new ways to induce antitumor immune responses in patients. Despite the proven efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that target immune checkpoints in some refractory cancers, many patients do not experience therapeutic benefit, possibly owing to a lack of antitumor immune recognition, or to the presence of dominant immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent developments in this field have revealed that local radiotherapy (RT) can transform tumors into in situ vaccines, and may help to overcome some of the barriers to tumor-specific immune rejection. RT has the potential to ignite tumor immune recognition by generating immunogenic signals and releasing neoantigens, but the multiple immunosuppressive forces in the TME continue to represent important barriers to successful tumor rejection. In this article, we review the radiation-induced changes in the stromal compartments of tumors that could have an impact on tumor immune attack. Since different RT regimens are known to mediate strikingly different effects on the multifarious elements of the tumor stroma, special emphasis is given to different RT schedules, and the time after treatment at which the effects are measured. A better understanding of TME remodeling following specific RT regimens and the window of opportunity offered by RT will enable optimization of the design of novel treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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36
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Melzig C, Golestaneh AF, Mier W, Schwager C, Das S, Schlegel J, Lasitschka F, Kauczor HU, Debus J, Haberkorn U, Abdollahi A. Combined external beam radiotherapy with carbon ions and tumor targeting endoradiotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29985-30004. [PMID: 30042828 PMCID: PMC6057461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with carbon ions and endoradiotherapy using radiolabeled tumor targeting agents are emerging concepts in precision cancer therapy. We report on combination effects of these two promising strategies. Tumor targeting 131I-labelled anti-EGFR-antibody (Cetuximab) was used in the prototypic EGFR-expressing A431 human squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model. A 131I-labelled melanin-binding benzamide derivative was utilized targeting B16F10 melanoma in an orthotopic syngeneic C57bl6 model. Fractionated EBRT was performed using carbon ions in direct comparison with conventional photon irradiation. Tumor uptake of 131I-Cetuximab and 131I-Benzamide was enhanced by fractionated EBRT as determined by biodistribution studies. This effect was independent of radiation quality and significant for the small molecule 131I-Benzamide, i.e., >30% more uptake in irradiated vs. non-irradiated melanoma was found (p<0.05). Compared to each monotherapy, dual combination with 131I-Cetuximab and EBRT was most effective in inhibiting A431 tumor growth. A similar trend was seen for 131I-Benzamide and EBRT in B16F10 melanoma model. Addition of 131I-Benzamide endoradiotherapy to EBRT altered expression of genes related to DNA-repair, cell cycle and cell death. In contrast, immune-response related pathways such as type 1 interferon response genes (ISG15, MX1) were predominantly upregulated after combined 131I-Cetuximab and EBRT. The beneficial effects of combined 131I-Cetuximab and EBRT was further attributed to a reduced microvascular density (CD31) and decreased proliferation index (Ki-67). Fractionated EBRT could be favorably combined with endoradiotherapy. 131I-Benzamide endoradiotherapy accelerated EBRT induced cytotoxic effects. Activation of immune-response by carbon ions markedly enhanced anti-EGFR based endoradiotherapy suggesting further evaluation of this novel and promising radioimmunotherapy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Melzig
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Azadeh Fahim Golestaneh
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schwager
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samayita Das
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schlegel
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Golombek SK, May JN, Theek B, Appold L, Drude N, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Tumor targeting via EPR: Strategies to enhance patient responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:17-38. [PMID: 30009886 PMCID: PMC6130746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor accumulation of nanomedicines relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the last 5-10 years, it has been increasingly recognized that there is a large inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in EPR-mediated tumor targeting, explaining the heterogeneous outcomes of clinical trials in which nanomedicine formulations have been evaluated. To address this heterogeneity, as in other areas of oncology drug development, we have to move away from a one-size-fits-all tumor targeting approach, towards methods that can be employed to individualize and improve nanomedicine treatments. To this end, efforts have to be invested in better understanding the nature, the complexity and the heterogeneity of the EPR effect, and in establishing systems and strategies to enhance, combine, bypass and image EPR-based tumor targeting. In the present manuscript, we summarize key studies in which these strategies are explored, and we discuss how these approaches can be employed to enhance patient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Golombek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas May
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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38
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Li L, Hu S, Chen X. Non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing: Challenges and opportunities. Biomaterials 2018; 171:207-218. [PMID: 29704747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) genome editing systems have become one of the most robust platforms in basic biomedical research and therapeutic applications. To date, efficient in vivo delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to the targeted cells remains a challenge. Although viral vectors have been widely used in the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in vitro and in vivo, their fundamental shortcomings, such as the risk of carcinogenesis, limited insertion size, immune responses and difficulty in large-scale production, severely limit their further applications. Alternative non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9 are urgently needed. With the rapid development of non-viral vectors, lipid- or polymer-based nanocarriers have shown great potential for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. In this review, we analyze the pros and cons of delivering CRISPR/Cas9 systems in the form of plasmid, mRNA, or protein and then discuss the limitations and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Furthermore, current non-viral vectors that have been applied for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in vitro and in vivo are outlined in details. Finally, critical obstacles for non-viral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system are highlighted and promising strategies to overcome these barriers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of PET Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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39
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Warnders FJ, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EGE, Kosterink JGW. Influence of protein properties and protein modification on biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody derivatives, and non-Ig scaffolds. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1837-1873. [PMID: 29635825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed protein drugs that target tumor-associated antigens are often modified in order to increase their therapeutic effect, tumor exposure, and safety profile. During the development of protein drugs, molecular imaging is increasingly used to provide additional information on their in vivo behavior. As a result, there are increasing numbers of studies that demonstrate the effect of protein modification on whole body distribution and tumor uptake of protein drugs. However, much still remains unclear about how to interpret obtained biodistribution data correctly. Consequently, there is a need for more insight in the correct way of interpreting preclinical and clinical imaging data. Summarizing the knowledge gained to date may facilitate this interpretation. This review therefore provides an overview of specific protein properties and modifications that can affect biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody fragments, and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds. Protein properties that are discussed in this review are molecular size, target interaction, FcRn binding, and charge. Protein modifications that are discussed are radiolabeling, fluorescent labeling drug conjugation, glycosylation, humanization, albumin binding, and polyethylene glycolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Jan Warnders
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Cyclic peptide-poly(HPMA) nanotubes as drug delivery vectors: In vitro assessment, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Biomaterials 2018; 178:570-582. [PMID: 29680158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Size and shape have progressively appeared as some of the key factors influencing the properties of nanosized drug delivery systems. In particular, elongated materials are thought to interact differently with cells and therefore may allow alterations of in vivo fate without changes in chemical composition. A challenge, however, remains the creation of stable self-assembled materials with anisotropic shape for delivery applications that still feature the ability to disassemble, avoiding organ accumulation and facilitating clearance from the system. In this context, we report on cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates that self-assemble into supramolecular nanotubes, as confirmed by SANS and SLS. Their behaviour ex and in vivo was studied: the nanostructures are non-toxic up to a concentration of 0.5 g L-1 and cell uptake studies revealed that the pathway of entry was energy-dependent. Pharmacokinetic studies following intravenous injection of the peptide-polymer conjugates and a control polymer to rats showed that the larger size of the nanotubes formed by the conjugates reduced renal clearance and elongated systemic circulation. Importantly, the ability to slowly disassemble into small units allowed effective clearance of the conjugates and reduced organ accumulation, making these materials interesting candidates in the search for effective drug carriers.
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41
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Nanoparticle anchoring targets immune agonists to tumors enabling anti-cancer immunity without systemic toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:6. [PMID: 29295974 PMCID: PMC5750237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory agents such as agonistic anti-CD137 and interleukin (IL)−2 generate effective anti-tumor immunity but also elicit serious toxicities, hampering their clinical application. Here we show that combination therapy with anti-CD137 and an IL-2-Fc fusion achieves significant initial anti-tumor activity, but also lethal immunotoxicity deriving from stimulation of circulating leukocytes. To overcome this toxicity, we demonstrate that anchoring IL-2 and anti-CD137 on the surface of liposomes allows these immune agonists to rapidly accumulate in tumors while lowering systemic exposure. In multiple tumor models, immunoliposome delivery achieves anti-tumor activity equivalent to free IL-2/anti-CD137 but with the complete absence of systemic toxicity. Immunoliposomes stimulated tumor infiltration by cytotoxic lymphocytes, cytokine production, and granzyme expression, demonstrating equivalent immunostimulatory effects to the free drugs in the local tumor microenvironment. Thus, surface-anchored particle delivery may provide a general approach to exploit the potent stimulatory activity of immune agonists without debilitating systemic toxicities. Immunostimulatory agents used in cancer treatment often elicit serious toxicities, limiting their clinical application. Here, the authors show that the use of liposomes to intravenously deliver surface-anchored IL-2 and anti-CD137 proteins enables anti-cancer immunity and reduces the toxic side effects.
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42
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Overcoming obstacles in the tumor microenvironment: Recent advancements in nanoparticle delivery for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2017; 156:217-237. [PMID: 29207323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid advancements in the field of nanotechnology, there is mounting frustration in the scientific community regarding the translational impact of nanomedicine. Modest therapeutic performance of FDA-approved nanomedicines combined with multiple disappointing clinical trials (such as phase III HEAT trial) have raised questions about the future of nanomedicine. Encouraging breakthroughs, however, have been made in the last few years towards the development of new classes of nanoparticles that can respond to tumor microenvironmental conditions and successfully deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. Concurrently, a great deal of effort has also been devoted to alter various parameters of tumor pathophysiology to pre-treat tumors before nanoparticles are administered. Such 'priming' treatments improve access of the systemically administered agents to the tumor and promote drug penetration into the deeper layers of tumor tissue. This review will highlight recent advances in cancer nanomedicine exploiting both nanoparticle design and tumor microenvironment modification; and provide a critical perspective on the future development of nanomedicine delivery in oncology.
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43
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Pant K, Sedláček O, Nadar RA, Hrubý M, Stephan H. Radiolabelled Polymeric Materials for Imaging and Treatment of Cancer: Quo Vadis? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable blood circulation time and suitable plasma stability, polymer-based nanomaterials hold a great potential for designing and utilising multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient imaging and effective treatment of cancer. When tagged with appropriate radionuclides, they may allow for specific detection (diagnosis) as well as the destruction of tumours (therapy) or even customization of materials, aiming to both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic approach). This review provides an overview of recent developments of radiolabelled polymeric nanomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers) for molecular imaging of cancer, specifically, applying nuclear techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Different approaches to radiolabel polymers are evaluated from the methodical radiochemical point of view. This includes new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) for radiometals as well as novel labelling methods. Special emphasis is given to eligible strategies employed to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in view of efficient targeting. The discussion encompasses promising strategies currently employed as well as emerging possibilities in radionuclide-based cancer therapy. Key issues involved in the clinical translation of radiolabelled polymers and future scopes of this intriguing research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robin A. Nadar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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44
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van den Brand D, Massuger LF, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. Mimicking Tumors: Toward More Predictive In Vitro Models for Peptide- and Protein-Conjugated Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:846-856. [PMID: 28122451 PMCID: PMC5355905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular drug candidates and nanoparticles are typically tested in 2D cancer cell culture models, which are often directly followed by in vivo animal studies. The majority of these drug candidates, however, fail in vivo. In contrast to classical small-molecule drugs, multiple barriers exist for these larger molecules that two-dimensional approaches do not recapitulate. In order to provide better mechanistic insights into the parameters controlling success and failure and due to changing ethical perspectives on animal studies, there is a growing need for in vitro models with higher physiological relevance. This need is reflected by an increased interest in 3D tumor models, which during the past decade have evolved from relatively simple tumor cell aggregates to more complex models that incorporate additional tumor characteristics as well as patient-derived material. This review will address tissue culture models that implement critical features of the physiological tumor context such as 3D structure, extracellular matrix, interstitial flow, vascular extravasation, and the use of patient material. We will focus on specific examples, relating to peptide-and protein-conjugated drugs and other nanoparticles, and discuss the added value and limitations of the respective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van den Brand
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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45
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Stapleton S, Jaffray D, Milosevic M. Radiation effects on the tumor microenvironment: Implications for nanomedicine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:119-130. [PMID: 27262923 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has an important influence on cancer biological and clinical behavior and radiation treatment (RT) response. However, RT also influences the tumor microenvironment in a complex and dynamic manner that can either reinforce or inhibit this response and the likelihood of long-term disease control in patients. It is increasingly evident that the interplay between RT and the tumor microenvironment can be exploited to enhance the accumulation and intra-tumoral distribution of nanoparticles, mediated by changes to the vasculature and stroma with secondary effects on hypoxia, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), solid tissue pressure (STP), and the recruitment and activation of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDCs). The use of RT to modulate nanoparticle drug delivery offers an exciting opportunity to improve antitumor efficacy. This review explores the interplay between RT and the tumor microenvironment, and the integrated effects on nanoparticle drug delivery and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Stapleton
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Jaffray
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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46
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Her S, Jaffray DA, Allen C. Gold nanoparticles for applications in cancer radiotherapy: Mechanisms and recent advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:84-101. [PMID: 26712711 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as novel radiosensitizers owing to their high X-ray absorption, synthetic versatility, and unique chemical, electronic and optical properties. Multi-disciplinary research performed over the past decade has demonstrated the potential of AuNP-based radiosensitizers, and identified possible mechanisms underlying the observed radiation enhancement effects of AuNPs. Despite promising findings from pre-clinical studies, the benefits of AuNP radiosensitization have yet to successfully translate into clinical practice. In this review, we present an overview of the current state of AuNP-based radiosensitization in the context of the physical, chemical and biological modes of radiosensitization. As well, recent advancements that focus on formulation design and enable multi-modality treatment and clinical utilization are discussed, concluding with design considerations to guide the development of next generation AuNPs for clinical applications.
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47
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To exploit the tumor microenvironment: Since the EPR effect fails in the clinic, what is the future of nanomedicine? J Control Release 2016; 244:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Magnetic nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia with appropriate payloads: Paul Ehrlich’s “magic (nano)bullet” for cancer theranostics? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 50:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Nakamura Y, Mochida A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Nanodrug Delivery: Is the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect Sufficient for Curing Cancer? Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2225-2238. [PMID: 27547843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers several attractive design features that have prompted its exploration for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanosized drugs have a large loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload from degradation, a large surface on which to conjugate targeting ligands, and controlled or sustained release. Nanosized drugs also leak preferentially into tumor tissue through permeable tumor vessels and are then retained in the tumor bed due to reduced lymphatic drainage. This process is known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, while the EPR effect is widely held to improve delivery of nanodrugs to tumors, it in fact offers less than a 2-fold increase in nanodrug delivery compared with critical normal organs, resulting in drug concentrations that are not sufficient for curing most cancers. In this Review, we first overview various barriers for nanosized drug delivery with an emphasis on the capillary wall's resistance, the main obstacle to delivering drugs. Then, we discuss current regulatory issues facing nanomedicine. Finally, we discuss how to make the delivery of nanosized drugs to tumors more effective by building on the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Ai Mochida
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
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50
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Appelbe OK, Zhang Q, Pelizzari CA, Weichselbaum RR, Kron SJ. Image-Guided Radiotherapy Targets Macromolecules through Altering the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3457-3467. [PMID: 27560921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to target tumors with nanomedicines rely on passive delivery via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, leveraging the disorganized tumor microvasculature to promote macromolecule extravasation and the reduced lymphatic and venous drainage that favor retention. Nonetheless, FDA approvals and clinical use of nanomedicines have lagged, reflecting failure to display superiority over conventional formulations. Here, we have exploited image-guided X-irradiation to augment nanoparticle accumulation in tumors. A single 5 Gy dose of radiation, below that required to significantly delay tumor growth, can markedly enhance delivery of macromolecules and nanoparticles. The radiation effect was independent of endothelial cell integrity, suggesting a primary role for damage to microvascular pericytes and/or interstitial extracellular matrix. Significantly, radiation-guided delivery potentiated the therapeutic effects of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin on experimental tumors. Applied to patients, these results suggest repurposing image-guided radiotherapy as a tool to guide cancer nanomedicine delivery, enhancing local control for primary tumors and metastatic disease while limiting systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Appelbe
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qingbei Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Charles A Pelizzari
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago , 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, GCIS W519, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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