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Sharma R, Yadav S, Yadav V, Akhtar J, Katari O, Kuche K, Jain S. Recent advances in lipid-based long-acting injectable depot formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114901. [PMID: 37257756 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAIs) delivery systems sustain the drug therapeutic action in the body, resulting in reduced dosage regimen, toxicity, and improved patient compliance. Lipid-based depots are biocompatible, provide extended drug release, and improve drug stability, making them suitable for systemic and localized treatment of various chronic ailments, including psychosis, diabetes, hormonal disorders, arthritis, ocular diseases, and cancer. These depots include oil solutions, suspensions, oleogels, liquid crystalline systems, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, phospholipid phase separation gel, vesicular phospholipid gel etc. This review summarizes recent advancements in lipid-based LAIs for delivering small and macromolecules, and their potential in managing chronic diseases. It also provides an overview of the lipid depots available in market or clinical phase, as well as patents for lipid-based LAIs. Furthermore, this review critically discusses the current scenario of using in vitro release methods to establish IVIVC and highlights the challenges involved in developing lipid-based LAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sheetal Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Junia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Oly Katari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India.
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2
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Preparation of DRV Liposomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2622:21-47. [PMID: 36781747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Dried reconstituted vesicle (DRV) liposomes are formulated under mild conditions. The method has the capability to entrap substantially higher amounts of hydrophilic solutes, compared to other passive-loading liposome preparation methods. These characteristics make this liposome type ideal for entrapment of labile substances, such as peptides, proteins, or DNA's (or other nucleotides or oligonucleotides), or in general biopharmaceuticals and sensitive drugs. In this chapter, all possible types of DRV liposomes (in respect to the encapsulated molecule characteristics and/or their applications in therapeutics) are introduced, and preparation methodologies (for each type) are described in detail.
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3
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Abstract
A favorable outcome of the COVID-19 crisis might be achieved with massive vaccination. The proposed vaccines contain several different vaccine active principles (VAP), such as inactivated virus, antigen, mRNA, and DNA, which are associated with either standard adjuvants or nanomaterials (NM) such as liposomes in Moderna's and BioNTech/Pfizer's vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants may be chosen among liposomes or other types of NM composed for example of graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, micelles, exosomes, membrane vesicles, polymers, or metallic NM, taking inspiration from cancer nano-vaccines, whose adjuvants may share some of their properties with those of viral vaccines. The mechanisms of action of nano-adjuvants are based on the facilitation by NM of targeting certain regions of immune interest such as the mucus, lymph nodes, and zones of infection or blood irrigation, the possible modulation of the type of attachment of the VAP to NM, in particular VAP positioning on the NM external surface to favor VAP presentation to antigen presenting cells (APC) or VAP encapsulation within NM to prevent VAP degradation, and the possibility to adjust the nature of the immune response by tuning the physico-chemical properties of NM such as their size, surface charge, or composition. The use of NM as adjuvants or the presence of nano-dimensions in COVID-19 vaccines does not only have the potential to improve the vaccine benefit/risk ratio, but also to reduce the dose of vaccine necessary to reach full efficacy. It could therefore ease the overall spread of COVID-19 vaccines within a sufficiently large portion of the world population to exit the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France. .,Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France.,Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Instiute of Anatomy, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Li Y, Teng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Sun H, Li J. Ultrasound Controlled Anti-Inflammatory Polarization of Platelet Decorated Microglia for Targeted Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5083-5090. [PMID: 33259112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a lethal cerebral disease with severe sequelae and high mortality. Microglia, the main immune cell in the cerebrum, possess therapeutic potential for strokes as its specific anti-inflammatory phenotype can reduce inflammation and promote neuron regeneration. However, the on-demand anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia at the stroke site is uncontrollable for therapeutic application. Here, we develop a platelet hybrid microglia platform which can specifically polarize to the anti-inflammatory phenotype by ultrasound irradiation for targeted cerebrum repair after stroke. The engineered microglia have strong adherence to the injured cerebral vessels with platelet membrane fusion and realize on-demand anti-inflammatory polarization with ultrasound-responsive IL-4 liposome decoration. The intravenously injected microglia platform showed anti-inflammatory polarization at the stroke site with insonation, and accelerated the M2-type polarization of endogenous microglia for long-term stroke recovery. Satisfied prognoses were achieved with reduced apoptosis, promoted neurogenesis, and functional recovery, indicating the implications of the microglia platform for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xucong Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Li Y, Teng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai Y, Sun H, Li J. Ultrasound Controlled Anti‐Inflammatory Polarization of Platelet Decorated Microglia for Targeted Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xucong Teng
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yicong Dai
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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6
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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Wilkinson A, Lattmann E, Roces CB, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Lipid conjugation of TLR7 agonist Resiquimod ensures co-delivery with the liposomal Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01) but does not enhance immunopotentiation compared to non-conjugated Resiquimod+CAF01. J Control Release 2018; 291:1-10. [PMID: 30291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are important in the induction and activation of two critical arms of the host defence to pathogens and microorganisms: the rapid innate immune response (as characterised by the production of Th1 promoting cytokines and type 1 interferons) and the adaptive immune response. Through this activation, ligands and agonists of TLRs can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Resiquimod is a small (water-soluble) agonist of the endosome-located Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). However due to its molecular attributes it rapidly distributes throughout the body after injection. To circumvent this, these TLR agonists can be incorporated within delivery systems, such as liposomes, to promote the co-delivery of both antigen and agonists to antigen presenting cells. In this present study, resiquimod has been chemically conjugated to a lipid to form a lipid-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate which can be incorporated within immunogenic cationic liposomes composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' - dibehenate (TDB). This DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 formulation offers similar vesicle characteristics to DDA:TDB (size and charge) and offers high retention of both resiquimod and the electrostatically adsorbed TB subunit antigen Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (H56). Following immunisation through the intramuscular (i.m.) route, these cationic DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 liposomes form a vaccine depot at the injection site. However, immunisation studies have shown that this biodistribution does not translate into notably increased antibody nor Th1 responses at the spleen and draining popliteal lymph node compared to DDA:TDB liposomes. This work demonstrates that the conjugation of TLR7/8 agonists to cationic liposomes can promote co-delivery but the immune responses stimulated do not merit the added complexity considerations of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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8
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Abstract
Dried reconstituted vesicles (DRV) are liposomes that are formulated under mild conditions and have the capability to entrap substantially high amounts of hydrophilic solutes (compared to other types of liposomes). These characteristics make this liposome type ideal for entrapment of labile substances, as peptide, protein, or DNA vaccines, or in general biopharmaceuticals and sensitive drugs. In this chapter, all possible types of DRV liposomes (with respect to the encapsulated molecule characteristics and/or their applications in therapeutics) are introduced, and preparation methodologies (for each type) are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26510, Rio, Patras, Greece.
- FORTH/ICE-HT, 26510, Rio, Patras, Greece.
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9
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Roces CB, Kastner E, Stone P, Lowry D, Perrie Y. Rapid Quantification and Validation of Lipid Concentrations within Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8030029. [PMID: 27649231 PMCID: PMC5039448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the lipid content in liposomal adjuvants for subunit vaccine formulation is of extreme importance, since this concentration impacts both efficacy and stability. In this paper, we outline a high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method that allows for the rapid and simultaneous quantification of lipid concentrations within liposomal systems prepared by three liposomal manufacturing techniques (lipid film hydration, high shear mixing, and microfluidics). The ELSD system was used to quantify four lipids: 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), cholesterol, dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, and d-(+)-trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB). The developed method offers rapidity, high sensitivity, direct linearity, and a good consistency on the responses (R2 > 0.993 for the four lipids tested). The corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.11 and 0.36 mg/mL (DMPC), 0.02 and 0.80 mg/mL (cholesterol), 0.06 and 0.20 mg/mL (DDA), and 0.05 and 0.16 mg/mL (TDB), respectively. HPLC-ELSD was shown to be a rapid and effective method for the quantification of lipids within liposome formulations without the need for lipid extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Peter Stone
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Deborah Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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10
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Paecharoenchai O, Teng L, Yung BC, Teng L, Opanasopit P, Lee RJ. Nonionic surfactant vesicles for delivery of RNAi therapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 8:1865-73. [PMID: 24156490 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi is a promising potential therapeutic approach for many diseases. A major barrier to its clinical translation is the lack of efficient delivery systems for siRNA. Among nonviral vectors, nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) have shown a great deal of promise in terms of their efficacy and toxicity profiles. Nonionic surfactants have been shown to be a superior alternative to phospholipids in several studies. There is a large selection of surfactants with various properties that have been incorporated into niosomes. Therefore, there is great potential for innovation in terms of nisome composition. This article summarizes recent advancements in niosome technology for the delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapan Paecharoenchai
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group, Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
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11
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Kaur R, Henriksen-Lacey M, Wilkhu J, Devitt A, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Effect of incorporating cholesterol into DDA:TDB liposomal adjuvants on bilayer properties, biodistribution, and immune responses. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:197-207. [PMID: 24171445 DOI: 10.1021/mp400372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an abundant component of mammalian cell membranes and has been extensively studied as an artificial membrane stabilizer in a wide range of phospholipid liposome systems. In this study, the aim was to investigate the role of cholesterol in cationic liposomal adjuvant system based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) which has been shown as a strong adjuvant system for vaccines against a wide range of diseases. Packaging of cholesterol within DDA:TDB liposomes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetery and surface pressure-area isotherms of lipid monolayers; incorporation of cholesterol into liposomal membranes promoted the formation of a liquid-condensed monolayer and removed the main phase transition temperature of the system, resulting in an increased bilayer fluidity and reduced antigen retention in vitro. In vivo biodistribution studies found that this increase in membrane fluidity did not alter deposition of liposomes and antigen at the site of injection. In terms of immune responses, early (12 days after immunization) IgG responses were reduced by inclusion of cholesterol; thereafter there were no differences in antibody (IgG, IgG1, IgG2b) responses promoted by DDA:TDB liposomes with and without cholesterol. However, significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma were induced by DDA:TDB liposomes, and liposome uptake by macrophages in vitro was also shown to be higher for DDA:TDB liposomes compared to their cholesterol-containing counterparts, suggesting that small changes in bilayer mechanics can impact both cellular interactions and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randip Kaur
- Medicines Research Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, B4 7ET United Kingdom
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Hussain MJ, Wilkinson A, Bramwell VW, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Th1 immune responses can be modulated by varying dimethyldioctadecylammonium and distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine content in liposomal adjuvants. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:358-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cationic liposomes of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) combined with trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB) elicit strong cell-mediated and antibody immune responses; DDA facilitates antigen adsorption and presentation while TDB potentiates the immune response. To further investigate the role of DDA, DDA was replaced with the neutral lipid of distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) over a series of concentrations and these systems investigated as adjuvants for the delivery of Ag85B–ESAT-6-Rv2660c, a multistage tuberculosis vaccine.
Methods
Liposomal were prepared at a 5 : 1 DDA–TDB weight ratio and DDA content incrementally replaced with DSPC. The physicochemical characteristics were assessed (vesicle size, zeta potential and antigen loading), and the ability of these systems to act as adjuvants was considered.
Key findings
As DDA was replaced with DSPC within the liposomal formulation, the cationic nature of the vesicles decreases as does electrostatically binding of the anionic H56 antigen (Hybrid56; Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c); however, only when DDA was completed replaced with DSPC did vesicle size increase significantly. T-helper 1 (Th1)-type cell-mediated immune responses reduced. This reduction in responses was attributed to the replacement of DDA with DSPC rather than the reduction in DDA dose concentration within the formulation.
Conclusion
These results suggest Th1 responses can be controlled by tailoring the DDA/DSPC ratio within the liposomal adjuvant system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Nanotechnology uses the unique properties of objects that function as a unit within the overall size range of 1-1,000 nanometres. The engineering of nanostructure materials, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or nanotubules, holds great promise for the development of new immunomodulatory agents, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites. Successful applications of nanotechnology in the field of immunology will enable new generations of vaccines, adjuvants and immunomodulatory drugs that aim to improve clinical outcomes in response to a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Perrie Y, Kastner E, Kaur R, Wilkinson A, Ingham AJ. A case-study investigating the physicochemical characteristics that dictate the function of a liposomal adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1374-81. [PMID: 23584249 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of particulate delivery systems have been considered as vaccine adjuvants. Of these systems, liposomes offer a range of advantages including versatility and flexibility in design format and their ability to incorporate a range of immunomodulators and antigens. Here we briefly outline research, from within our laboratories, which focused on the systematic evaluation of cationic liposomes as vaccines adjuvants. Our aim was to identify physicochemical characteristics that correlate with vaccine efficacy, with particular consideration of the interlink between depot-forming action and immune responses. A variety of parameters were investigated and over a range of studies we have confirmed that cationic liposomes, based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate formed a depot at the injection site, which stimulates recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the injection site and promotes strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Physicochemical factors which promote a strong vaccine depot include the combination of a high cationic charge and electrostatic binding of the antigen to the liposome system and the use of lipids with high transition temperatures, which form rigid bilayer vesicles. Reduction in vesicle size of cationic vesicles did not promote enhanced drainage from the injection site. However, reducing the cationic nature through substitution of the cationic lipid for a neutral lipid, or by masking of the charge using PEGylation, resulted in a reduced depot formation and reduced Th1-type immune responses, while Th2-type responses were less influenced. These studies confirm that the physicochemical characteristics of particulate-based adjuvants play a key role in the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- School of Life and Health Sciences; Aston University; Birmingham, UK
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of delivery issues exist for biotech molecules including peptides, proteins and gene-based medicines that now make up over 60% of the drug pipeline. The problems comprise pharmaceutical ad biopharmaceutical issues. One of the common approaches to overcome these issues is the use of a carrier and liposomes as carriers have been investigated extensively over the last decade. AREAS COVERED The review has been discussed in terms of formulation and preclinical development studies and in vivo studies encompassing different delivery routes including parenteral, oral, buccal, pulmonary, intranasal, ocular and transdermal involving liposomes as carriers. Important research findings have been tabulated under each side heading and an expert opinion has been summarised for each delivery route. EXPERT OPINION The conclusion and expert opinion - conclusion sections discuss in detail troubleshooting aspects related to the use of liposomes as carriers for delivery of biopharmaceutical moieties and scrutinises the aspects behind the absence of a protein/peptide-containing liposome in market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Swaminathan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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16
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Kaur R, Bramwell VW, Kirby DJ, Perrie Y. Pegylation of DDA:TDB liposomal adjuvants reduces the vaccine depot effect and alters the Th1/Th2 immune responses. J Control Release 2012; 158:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Gordon S, Young K, Wilson R, Rizwan S, Kemp R, Rades T, Hook S. Chitosan hydrogels containing liposomes and cubosomes as particulate sustained release vaccine delivery systems. J Liposome Res 2011; 22:193-204. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.637502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Zhang N, Palmer AF. Liposomes surface conjugated with human hemoglobin target delivery to macrophages. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:823-9. [PMID: 22012493 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to deliver therapeutic molecules to specific cell and tissue types rely on conjugation of antibodies and other targeting ligands directly to the therapeutic molecule itself or its carrier. This work describes a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic molecules into macrophages that takes advantage of the native hemoglobin (Hb) scavenging activity of plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and the subsequent uptake of the Hb-Hp complex into macrophages via CD163 receptor-mediated endocytosis. The drug delivery system described in this work consists of Hb decorated liposomes that can encapsulate any therapeutic molecule of interest, in this case the model fluorescent dye calcein was used in this study. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that this delivery system is specific towards macrophages and demonstrates the feasibility of using this approach in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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19
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Christensen D, Korsholm KS, Andersen P, Agger EM. Cationic liposomes as vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:513-21. [PMID: 21506648 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of cationic liposomes as vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants has been investigated extensively over the last few decades. However, cationic liposomes are, in general, not sufficiently immunostimulatory, which is why the combination of liposomes with immunostimulating ligands has arisen as a strategy in the development of novel adjuvant systems. Within the last 5 years, two novel adjuvant systems based on cationic liposomes incorporating Toll-like receptor or non-Toll-like receptor immunostimulating ligands have progressed from preclinical testing in smaller animal species to clinical testing in humans. The immune responses that these clinical candidates induce are primarily of the Th1 type for which there is a profound unmet need. Furthermore, a number of new cationic liposome-forming surfactants with notable immunostimulatory properties have been discovered. In this article we review the recent progress on the application of cationic liposomes as vaccine delivery systems/adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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McNeil SE, Rosenkrands I, Agger EM, Andersen P, Perrie Y. Subunit Vaccines: Distearoylphosphatidylcholine-Based Liposomes Entrapping Antigen Offer a Neutral Alternative to Dimethyldioctadecylammonium-Based Cationic Liposomes as an Adjuvant Delivery System. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1856-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Henriksen-Lacey M, Korsholm KS, Andersen P, Perrie Y, Christensen D. Liposomal vaccine delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:505-19. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.558081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Liu F, Shang J, Song S, Zheng L, Zhang K, You H, Zhang H, Wang J. Augmented induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses against canine hepatitis by co-immunization with pVAX1-CpG-Loop and adjuvants in BALB/c mice. Exp Anim 2011; 59:579-88. [PMID: 21030785 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain better antigen specific cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. We examined the augmented induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses to co-administration of oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN), dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), and Lipofectamine™ 2000 with a DNA vaccine (pVAX1-CpG-Loop) and boosting with pVAX1-CpG-Loop in BALB/c mice. The results show that Loop protein-specific T cell proliferation, cytotoxic T cell activity, and the production of CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ were enhanced after co-immunization of mice with adjuvants and pVAX1-CpG-Loop. We demonstrated that significant T cell-mediated immune responses were induced in the mice with the help of DDA, CpG-ODN and Lipofectamine™ 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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23
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Moon JJ, Suh H, Bershteyn A, Stephan MT, Liu H, Huang B, Sohail M, Luo S, Um SH, Khant H, Goodwin JT, Ramos J, Chiu W, Irvine DJ. Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles as synthetic vaccines for potent humoral and cellular immune responses. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:243-51. [PMID: 21336265 PMCID: PMC3077947 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines based on recombinant proteins avoid the toxicity and antivector immunity associated with live vaccine (for example, viral) vectors, but their immunogenicity is poor, particularly for CD8(+) T-cell responses. Synthetic particles carrying antigens and adjuvant molecules have been developed to enhance subunit vaccines, but in general these materials have failed to elicit CD8(+) T-cell responses comparable to those for live vectors in preclinical animal models. Here, we describe interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles formed by crosslinking headgroups of adjacent lipid bilayers within multilamellar vesicles. Interbilayer-crosslinked vesicles stably entrapped protein antigens in the vesicle core and lipid-based immunostimulatory molecules in the vesicle walls under extracellular conditions, but exhibited rapid release in the presence of endolysosomal lipases. We found that these antigen/adjuvant-carrying vesicles form an extremely potent whole-protein vaccine, eliciting endogenous T-cell and antibody responses comparable to those for the strongest vaccine vectors. These materials should enable a range of subunit vaccines and provide new possibilities for therapeutic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Mohammed AR, Bramwell VW, Kirby DJ, McNeil SE, Perrie Y. Increased potential of a cationic liposome-based delivery system: Enhancing stability and sustained immunological activity in pre-clinical development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:404-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Liposomal cationic charge and antigen adsorption are important properties for the efficient deposition of antigen at the injection site and ability of the vaccine to induce a CMI response. J Control Release 2010; 145:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Henriksen-Lacey M, Bramwell V, Perrie Y. Radiolabelling of Antigen and Liposomes for Vaccine Biodistribution Studies. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:91-104. [PMID: 27721345 PMCID: PMC3986709 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A relatively simple and effective method to follow the movement of pharmaceutical preparations such as vaccines in biodistribution studies is to radiolabel the components. Whilst single radiolabelling is common practice, in vaccine systems containing adjuvants the ability to follow both the adjuvant and the antigen is favourable. To this end, we have devised a dual-radiolabelling method whereby the adjuvant (liposomes) is labelled with 3H and the antigen (a subunit protein) with 125I. This model is stable and reproducible; we have shown release of the radiolabels to be negligible over periods of up to 1 week in foetal calf serum at 37 °C. In this paper we describe the techniques which enable the radiolabelling of various components, assessing stability and processing of samples which all for their application in biodistribution studies. Furthermore we provide examples derived from our studies using this model in tuberculosis vaccine biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Henriksen-Lacey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Vincent Bramwell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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27
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Chen C, Han D, Cai C, Tang X. An overview of liposome lyophilization and its future potential. J Control Release 2010; 142:299-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Henriksen-Lacey M, Bramwell VW, Christensen D, Agger EM, Andersen P, Perrie Y. Liposomes based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium promote a depot effect and enhance immunogenicity of soluble antigen. J Control Release 2010; 142:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Gordon S, Saupe A, McBurney W, Rades T, Hook S. Comparison of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan hydrogels for vaccine delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.12.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels as particulate and sustained release vaccine delivery systems was investigated. CNP and chitosan hydrogels were prepared, loaded with the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and characterised. The immunostimulatory capacity of these vaccine delivery systems was assessed in-vitro and in-vivo. Particle sizing measurements and SEM images showed that optimised OVA-loaded CNP had a size of approximately 200 nm, a polydispersity index < 0.2, and a positive zeta-potential of approximately 18 mV. The amount of OVA adsorbed onto CNP was high with an adsorption efficacy of greater than 96%. Raman spectroscopy indicated conformational changes of OVA when adsorbed onto the surface of CNP. Uptake of the dispersions and immunological activation of murine dendritic cells in-vitro could be demonstrated. Investigation of the release of fluorescently-labelled OVA (FITC-OVA) from CNP and chitosan hydrogels in-vitro showed that approximately 50% of the total protein was released from CNP within a period of ten days; release of antigen from chitosan gel occurred in a more sustained manner, with < 10% of total protein being released after 10 days. The slow release from gel formulations may be explained by the strong interactions of the protein with chitosan. While OVA-loaded CNP showed no significant immunogenicity, formulations of OVA in chitosan gel were able to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gordon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anne Saupe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren McBurney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
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30
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Abstract
Dried reconstituted vesicles (DRV) are liposomes that are formulated under mild conditions and have the capability to entrap substantially high amounts of hydrophilic solutes (compared with other types of liposomes). These characteristics make this liposome type ideal for entrapment of labile substances, as peptide, protein or DNA vaccines and sensitive drugs. In this chapter, we initially introduce all possible types of DRV liposomes (in respect to the encapsulated molecule characteristics and/or their applications in therapeutics) and discuss in detail the preparation methodologies for each type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, and ICE-HT/FORTH, Patras, Greece
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31
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Bhowmick S, Mazumdar T, Sinha R, Ali N. Comparison of liposome based antigen delivery systems for protection against Leishmania donovani. J Control Release 2009; 141:199-207. [PMID: 19818373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely exploited as antigen delivery systems for a variety of diseases including leishmaniasis. These vesicles can be prepared in various ways which may affect the immunogenicity of the encapsulated antigens. In this study we compared the vaccine potentiality of three cationic formulations with Leishmania donovani promastigote membrane antigens (LAg) and the best vesicle was evaluated for long-term protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. We immunized mice with LAg encapsulated in multilamellar vesicles (MLV), dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) and reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REV) and challenged them with parasites ten days after vaccination. LAg in MLV or DRV induced almost complete protection, while LAg alone or entrapped in REV exhibited partial resistance. Protection observed with antigen incorporated MLV or DRV was predominantly Th1 as evidenced by elicitation of significantly high DTH, IgG2a antibodies and IFN-gamma. MLV encapsulated LAg demonstrated durable cell-mediated immunity and mice challenged ten weeks after vaccination could also resist experimental challenge strongly. Field trials of L. donovani vaccine were unsatisfactory mainly due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant. Cationic MLV when used as adjuvant with protein antigens induced sustained Th1 immunity. Adjuvant potential of cationic MLV can be utilized to design subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhowmick
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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32
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Fabrication and characterization of pseudo-ceramide-based liposomal membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 73:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Christensen D, Agger EM, Andreasen LV, Kirby D, Andersen P, Perrie Y. Liposome-based cationic adjuvant formulations (CAF): Past, present, and future. J Liposome Res 2009; 19:2-11. [DOI: 10.1080/08982100902726820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Lincopan N, Santana MR, Faquim-Mauro E, da Costa MHB, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Silica-based cationic bilayers as immunoadjuvants. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:5. [PMID: 19152701 PMCID: PMC2647919 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica particles cationized by dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayer were previously described. This work shows the efficiency of these particulates for antigen adsorption and presentation to the immune system and proves the concept that silica-based cationic bilayers exhibit better performance than alum regarding colloid stability and cellular immune responses for vaccine design. Results Firstly, the silica/DODAB assembly was characterized at 1 mM NaCl, pH 6.3 or 5 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.4 and 0.1 mg/ml silica over a range of DODAB concentrations (0.001–1 mM) by means of dynamic light scattering for particle sizing and zeta-potential analysis. 0.05 mM DODAB is enough to produce cationic bilayer-covered particles with good colloid stability. Secondly, conditions for maximal adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or a recombinant, heat-shock protein from Mycobacterium leprae (18 kDa-hsp) onto DODAB-covered or onto bare silica were determined. At maximal antigen adsorption, cellular immune responses in vivo from delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions determined by foot-pad swelling tests (DTH) and cytokines analysis evidenced the superior performance of the silica/DODAB adjuvant as compared to alum or antigens alone whereas humoral response from IgG in serum was equal to the one elicited by alum as adjuvant. Conclusion Cationized silica is a biocompatible, inexpensive, easily prepared and possibly general immunoadjuvant for antigen presentation which displays higher colloid stability than alum, better performance regarding cellular immune responses and employs very low, micromolar doses of cationic and toxic synthetic lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Xiong D, An Y, Li Z, Ma R, Liu Y, Wu C, Zou L, Shi L, Zhang J. Nanometer-Scaled Hollow Spherical Micelles with Hydrophilic Channels and the Controlled Release of Ibuprofen. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Kirby DJ, Rosenkrands I, Agger EM, Andersen P, Coombes AGA, Perrie Y. Liposomes act as stronger sub-unit vaccine adjuvants when compared to microspheres. J Drug Target 2008; 16:543-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802228558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Ionov R, El-Abed A, Goldmann M. Structural organisation of cationic dioctadecyldimethyammonium bromide monolayers in presence of hyaluronic acid. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 38:229-35. [PMID: 18839168 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Langmuir monolayers of dioctadecyldimethyammonium bromide and its interaction with the natural mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid are studied using thermodynamic methods and X-ray diffraction at grazing incidence. The 2D crystalline lattice parameters of different phases are determined. The monolayer compressibility, the linear crystalline compressibility components and the thermoelastic expansion coefficient are evaluated. The biopolymer stabilises the monolayer structural properties, increases the collapse pressure and the correlation length of the 2D crystalline domains. The results show that this lipid has a potential for developing of stabilised drug delivery systems of anionic biopolymers like hyaluronic acid, oligomers and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ionov
- LNPC, Université René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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38
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Perrie Y, Mohammed AR, Kirby DJ, McNeil SE, Bramwell VW. Vaccine adjuvant systems: enhancing the efficacy of sub-unit protein antigens. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:272-80. [PMID: 18555624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains a key tool in the protection and eradication of diseases. However, the development of new safe and effective vaccines is not easy. Various live organism based vaccines currently licensed, exhibit high efficacy; however, this benefit is associated with risk, due to the adverse reactions found with these vaccines. Therefore, in the development of vaccines, the associated risk-benefit issues need to be addressed. Sub-unit proteins offer a much safer alternative; however, their efficacy is low. The use of adjuvanted systems have proven to enhance the immunogenicity of these sub-unit vaccines through protection (i.e. preventing degradation of the antigen in vivo) and enhanced targeting of these antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells. Understanding of the immunological implications of the related disease will enable validation for the design and development of potential adjuvant systems. Novel adjuvant research involves the combination of both pharmaceutical analysis accompanied by detailed immunological investigations, whereby, pharmaceutically designed adjuvants are driven by an increased understanding of mechanisms of adjuvant activity, largely facilitated by description of highly specific innate immune recognition of components usually associated with the presence of invading bacteria or virus. The majority of pharmaceutical based adjuvants currently being investigated are particulate based delivery systems, such as liposome formulations. As an adjuvant, liposomes have been shown to enhance immunity against the associated disease particularly when a cationic lipid is used within the formulation. In addition, the inclusion of components such as immunomodulators, further enhance immunity. Within this review, the use and application of effective adjuvants is investigated, with particular emphasis on liposomal-based systems. The mechanisms of adjuvant activity, analysis of complex immunological characteristics and formulation and delivery of these vaccines are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- Medicines Research Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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39
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Christensen D, Korsholm KS, Rosenkrands I, Lindenstrøm T, Andersen P, Agger EM. Cationic liposomes as vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 6:785-96. [PMID: 17931158 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.5.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes are lipid-bilayer vesicles with a positive surface charge that have re-emerged as a promising new adjuvant technology. Although there is some evidence that cationic liposomes themselves can improve the immune response against coadministered vaccine antigens, their main functions are to protect the antigens from clearance in the body and deliver the antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells. In addition, cationic liposomes can be used to introduce immunomodulators to enhance and modulate the immune response in a desirable direction and, thereby, represent an efficient tool when designing tailor-made adjuvants for specific disease targets. In this article we review the recent progress on cationic liposomes as vehicles, enhancing the effect of immunomodulators and the presentation of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 81/306, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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