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Mehravaran A, Nasab MR, Mirahmadi H, Sharifi I, Alijani E, Nikpoor AR, Akhtari J. Protection induced by Leishmania Major antigens and the imiquimod adjuvant encapsulated on liposomes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 70:27-35. [PMID: 30738195 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new, effective, and less expensive and toxic treatment for Leishmaniasis. It seems that the use of a suitable adjuvant and a delivery system is effective in inducing immune reactions for protection. Liposomes can be applied as immunoadjuvants to trigger immune reactions to different antigens. The adjuvant effects of imiquimod using DSPC liposomes containing SLA (soluble Leishmania antigens) were studied on the type and intensity of the produced immune reaction to the challenge of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. Liposomes were produced by the lipid film procedure. BALB/C mice were immunized subcutaneously, three times at 2-week intervals and with various formulations. Lesion development and the parasite burden in the spleens and feet after the challenge with Leishmania major, Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ), and the IgG isotype titration were assessed to evaluate the induced immune reaction and the protection level. The group of mice immunized with Liposome DSPC +Imiquimod +SLA revealed less severe footpad swelling, being significantly different (P < .05) from other groups. A higher level of IgG2a and IFN-γ secretion was observed in the mice immunized with Liposome DSPC +Imiquimod +SLA than the control group. These observations imply that the DSPC liposome containing imiquimod induces the Th1 immune response that is protective against the challenge of Leishmania major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rezaei Nasab
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Maji M, Mazumder S, Bhattacharya S, Choudhury ST, Sabur A, Shadab M, Bhattacharya P, Ali N. A Lipid Based Antigen Delivery System Efficiently Facilitates MHC Class-I Antigen Presentation in Dendritic Cells to Stimulate CD8(+) T Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27206. [PMID: 27251373 PMCID: PMC4890172 DOI: 10.1038/srep27206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most effective strategy for protection against intracellular infections such as Leishmania is vaccination with live parasites. Use of recombinant proteins avoids the risks associated with live vaccines. However, due to low immunogenicity, they fail to trigger T cell responses particularly of CD8+ cells requisite for persistent immunity. Previously we showed the importance of protein entrapment in cationic liposomes and MPL as adjuvant for elicitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-term protection. In this study we investigated the role of cationic liposomes on maturation and antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells (DCs). We observed that cationic liposomes were taken up very efficiently by DCs and transported to different cellular sites. DCs activated with liposomal rgp63 led to efficient presentation of antigen to specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, lymphoid CD8+ T cells from liposomal rgp63 immunized mice demonstrated better proliferative ability when co-cultured ex vivo with stimulated DCs. Addition of MPL to vaccine enhanced the antigen presentation by DCs and induced more efficient antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses when compared to free and liposomal antigen. These liposomal formulations presented to CD8+ T cells through TAP-dependent MHC-I pathway offer new possibilities for a safe subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Maji
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Saumyabrata Mazumder
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Souparno Bhattacharya
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Somsubhra Thakur Choudhury
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Abdus Sabur
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Md Shadab
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Pradyot Bhattacharya
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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Kuwada E, Tadaki T, Kambara K, Egawa K, Noguchi K. Conjugation to octa-arginine via disulfide bonds confers solubility to denatured proteins in physiological solution and enables efficient cell internalization. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:439-48. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shaheen SM, Akita H, Nakamura T, Takayama S, Futaki S, Yamashita A, Katoono R, Yui N, Harashima H. KALA-modified multi-layered nanoparticles as gene carriers for MHC class-I mediated antigen presentation for a DNA vaccine. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Glycerol monomycolate, a latent tuberculosis-associated mycobacterial lipid, induces eosinophilic hypersensitivity responses in guinea pigs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:304-7. [PMID: 21575604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in the lipid composition of the cell wall occur in pathogenic mycobacteria that are often intended for adaptation to the host environment. Dormant mycobacteria should have evolved efficient maneuvers for cohabitation, allowing the microbes to persist for years within the host. Glycerol monomycolate (GroMM) has been implicated as a specific immune target in human individuals with latent, but not active, tuberculosis, but the in vivo response to GroMM and the relevance of it to latent infection remain poorly understood. Here, we immunized guinea pigs with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) expressing high levels of GroMM and then, monitored skin reactions at the site of challenge with GroMM-containing liposome. We found that BCG-immunized guinea pigs mounted enhanced skin reactions to GroMM with prominent local infiltration by eosinophils. Consistent with this, GroMM-stimulated lymph node cells upregulated the expression of T helper (Th)2-type cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10, that could potentially counteract the microbe-eliminating Th1-type cytokine response. On the basis of these observations, we predict that the host response to GroMM produced by dormant mycobacteria would contribute to their long-term survival in the host.
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Komori T, Nakamura T, Matsunaga I, Morita D, Hattori Y, Kuwata H, Fujiwara N, Hiromatsu K, Harashima H, Sugita M. A microbial glycolipid functions as a new class of target antigen for delayed-type hypersensitivity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16800-6. [PMID: 21454504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.217224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is marked by high levels of protein antigen-specific T cell responses in sensitized individuals. Recent evidence has revealed a distinct pathway for T cell immunity directed against glycolipid antigens, but DTH to this class of antigen has been undetermined and difficult to prove due to their insolubility in aqueous solutions. Here, glucose monomycolate (GMM), a highly hydrophobic glycolipid of the cell wall of mycobacteria, was dispersed in aqueous solutions in the form of octaarginine-modified liposomes and tested for its ability to elicit cutaneous DTH responses in bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-immunized guinea pigs. After an intradermal challenge with the GMM liposome, a significant skin induration was observed in BCG-immunized, but not mock-treated, animals. The skin reaction peaked at around 2 days with local infiltration by mononuclear cells, and therefore, the response shared basic features with the classical DTH to protein antigens. Lymph node T cells from BCG-immunized guinea pigs specifically increased IFN-γ transcription in response to the GMM liposome, and this response was completely blocked by antibodies to CD1 lipid antigen-presenting molecules. Finally, whereas the T cells increased transcription of both T helper (Th) 1-type (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2-type (IL-5 and IL-10) cytokines in response to the purified protein derivative or tuberculin, their GMM-specific response was skewed to Th1-type cytokine production known to be critical for protection against tuberculosis. Thus, our study reveals a novel form of DTH with medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Komori
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Wu F, Wuensch SA, Azadniv M, Ebrahimkhani MR, Crispe IN. Galactosylated LDL nanoparticles: a novel targeting delivery system to deliver antigen to macrophages and enhance antigen specific T cell responses. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1506-17. [PMID: 19637876 DOI: 10.1021/mp900081y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to define the role of Kupffer cells in intrahepatic antigen presentation, using the selective delivery of antigen to Kupffer cells rather than other populations of liver antigen-presenting cells. To achieve this we developed a novel antigen delivery system that can target antigens to macrophages, based on a galactosylated low-density lipoprotein nanoscale platform. Antigen was delivered via the galactose particle receptor (GPr), internalized, degraded and presented to T cells. The conjugation of fluoresceinated ovalbumin (FLUO-OVA) and lactobionic acid with LDL resulted in a substantially increased uptake of FLUO-OVA by murine macrophage-like ANA1 cells in preference to NIH3T3 cells, and by primary peritoneal macrophages in preference to primary hepatic stellate cells. Such preferential uptake led to enhanced proliferation of OVA specific T cells, showing that the galactosylated LDL nanoscale platform is a successful antigen carrier, targeting antigen to macrophages but not to all categories of antigen presenting cells. This system will allow targeted delivery of antigen to macrophages in the liver and elsewhere, addressing the question of the role of Kupffer cells in liver immunology. It may also be an effective way of delivering drugs or vaccines directly at macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, The Aab Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Bhowmick S, Mazumdar T, Sinha R, Ali N. Comparison of liposome based antigen delivery systems for protection against Leishmania donovani. J Control Release 2009; 141:199-207. [PMID: 19818373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely exploited as antigen delivery systems for a variety of diseases including leishmaniasis. These vesicles can be prepared in various ways which may affect the immunogenicity of the encapsulated antigens. In this study we compared the vaccine potentiality of three cationic formulations with Leishmania donovani promastigote membrane antigens (LAg) and the best vesicle was evaluated for long-term protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. We immunized mice with LAg encapsulated in multilamellar vesicles (MLV), dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) and reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REV) and challenged them with parasites ten days after vaccination. LAg in MLV or DRV induced almost complete protection, while LAg alone or entrapped in REV exhibited partial resistance. Protection observed with antigen incorporated MLV or DRV was predominantly Th1 as evidenced by elicitation of significantly high DTH, IgG2a antibodies and IFN-gamma. MLV encapsulated LAg demonstrated durable cell-mediated immunity and mice challenged ten weeks after vaccination could also resist experimental challenge strongly. Field trials of L. donovani vaccine were unsatisfactory mainly due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant. Cationic MLV when used as adjuvant with protein antigens induced sustained Th1 immunity. Adjuvant potential of cationic MLV can be utilized to design subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhowmick
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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