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Dastgerdi NK, Dastgerdi NK, Bayraktutan H, Costabile G, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R, Longobardi G, Alexander C, Conte C. Enhancing siRNA cancer therapy: Multifaceted strategies with lipid and polymer-based carrier systems. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124545. [PMID: 39098747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancers are increasing in prevalence and many challenges remain for their treatment, such as chemoresistance and toxicity. In this context, siRNA-based therapeutics have many potential advantages for cancer therapies as a result of their ability to reduce or prevent expression of specific cancer-related genes. However, the direct delivery of naked siRNA is hindered by issues like enzymatic degradation, insufficient cellular uptake, and poor pharmacokinetics. Hence, the discovery of a safe and efficient delivery vehicle is essential. This review explores various lipid and polymer-based delivery systems for siRNA in cancer treatment. Both polymers and lipids have garnered considerable attention as carriers for siRNA delivery. While all of these systems protect siRNA and enhance transfection efficacy, each exhibits its unique strengths. Lipid-based delivery systems, for instance, demonstrate high entrapment efficacy and utilize cost-effective materials. Conversely, polymeric-based delivery systems offer advantages through chemical modifications. Nonetheless, certain drawbacks still limit their usage. To address these limitations, combining different materials in formulations (lipid, polymer, or targeting agent) could enhance pharmaceutical properties, boost transfection efficacy, and reduce side effects. Furthermore, co-delivery of siRNA with other therapeutic agents presents a promising strategy to overcome cancer resistance. Lipid-based delivery systems have been demonstrated to encapsulate many therapeutic agents and with high efficiency, but most are limited in terms of the functionalities they display. In contrast, polymeric-based delivery systems can be chemically modified by a wide variety of routes to include multiple components, such as release or targeting elements, from the same materials backbone. Accordingly, by incorporating multiple materials such as lipids, polymers, and/or targeting agents in RNA formulations it is possible to improve the pharmaceutical properties and therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. This review focuses on strategies to improve siRNA cancer treatments and discusses future prospects in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Karimi Dastgerdi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Karimi Dastgerdi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran.
| | | | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Pontes AP, van der Wal S, Roelofs K, Grobbink A, Creemers LB, Engbersen JFJ, Rip J. A poly(amidoamine)-based polymeric nanoparticle platform for efficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213713. [PMID: 38071770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The successful use of mRNA vaccines enabled and accelerated the development of several new vaccine candidates and therapeutics based on the delivery of mRNA. In this study, we developed bioreducible poly(amidoamine)-based polymeric nanoparticles (PAA PNPs) for the delivery of mRNA with improved transfection efficiency. The polymers were functionalized with chloroquinoline (Q) moieties for improved endosomal escape and further stabilization of the mRNA-polymer construct. Moreover, these PAAQ polymers were covalently assembled around a core of multi-armed ethylenediamine (Mw 800, 2 % w/w) to form a pre-organized polymeric scaffolded PAAQ (ps-PAAQ) as a precursor for the formation of the mRNA-loaded nanoparticles. Transfection of mammalian cell lines with EGFP mRNA loaded into these PNPs showed a favorable effect of the Q incorporation on GFP protein expression. Additionally, these ps-PAAQ NPs were co-formulated with PEG-polymer coatings to shield the positive surface charge for increased stability and better in vivo applicability. The ps-PAAQ NPs coated with PEG-polymer displayed smaller particle size, electroneutral surface charge, and higher thermal stability. Importantly, these nanoparticles with both Q and PEG-polymer coating induced significantly higher luciferase activity in mice muscle than uncoated ps-PAAQ NPs, following intramuscular injection of PNPs loaded with luciferase mRNA. The developed technology is broadly applicable and holds promise for the development of new nucleotide-based vaccines and therapeutics in a range of infectious and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano P Pontes
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin Roelofs
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Grobbink
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan F J Engbersen
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands; Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Rip
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Pontes AP, van der Wal S, Ranamalla SR, Roelofs K, Tomuta I, Creemers LB, Rip J. Cell uptake and intracellular trafficking of bioreducible poly(amidoamine) nanoparticles for efficient mRNA translation in chondrocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1290871. [PMID: 38026902 PMCID: PMC10668025 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-containing poly(amidoamine) (PAA) is a cationic and bioreducible polymer, with potential use as a nanocarrier for mRNA delivery in the treatment of several diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). Successful transfection of joint cells with PAA-based nanoparticles (NPs) was shown previously, but cell uptake, endosomal escape and nanoparticle biodegradation were not studied in detail. In this study, C28/I2 human chondrocytes were transfected with NPs co-formulated with a PEG-polymer coating and loaded with EGFP mRNA for confocal imaging of intracellular trafficking and evaluation of transfection efficiency. Compared with uncoated NPs, PEG-coated NPs showed smaller particle size, neutral surface charge, higher colloidal stability and superior transfection efficiency. Furthermore, endosomal entrapment of these PEG-coated NPs decreased over time and mRNA release could be visualized both in vitro and in live cells. Importantly, cell treatment with modulators of the intracellular reducing environment showed that glutathione (GSH) concentrations affect translation of the mRNA payload. Finally, we applied a D-optimal experimental design to test different polymer-to-RNA loading ratios and dosages, thus obtaining an optimal formulation with up to ≈80% of GFP-positive cells and without toxic effects. Together, the biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency of this system may be a promising tool for intra-articular delivery of therapeutical mRNA in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saketh R. Ranamalla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Rip
- 20Med Therapeutics BV, Leiden, Netherlands
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Kashikar R, Kotha AK, Shah S, Famta P, Singh SB, Srivastava S, Chougule MB. Advances in nanoparticle mediated targeting of RNA binding protein for cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114257. [PMID: 35381306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) enact a very crucial part in the RNA directive processes. Atypical expression of these RBPs affects many steps of RNA metabolism, majorly altering its expression. Altered expression and dysfunction of RNA binding proteins lead to cancer progression and other diseases. We enumerate various available interventions, and recent findings focused on targeting RBPs for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The treatment, sensitization, chemoprevention, gene-mediated, and virus mediated interventions were studied to treat and diagnose cancer. The application of passively and actively targeted lipidic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, virus-based particles, and vaccine-based immunotherapy for the delivery of therapeutic agent/s against cancer are discussed. We also discuss the formulation aspect of nanoparticles for achieving delivery at the site of action and ongoing clinical trials targeting RBPs.
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Francisco V, Rebelo C, Rodrigues AF, Blersch J, Fernandes H, Ferreira L. A high-throughput screening platform to identify nanocarriers for efficient delivery of RNA-based therapies. Methods 2020; 190:13-25. [PMID: 33359052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapies are highly selective and powerful regulators of biological functions. Non-viral vectors such as nanoparticles (NPs) are very promising formulations for the delivery of RNA-based therapies but their cell targeting, cell internalization and endolysomal escape capacity is rather limited. Here, we present a methodology that combines high-throughput synthesis of light-triggerable NPs and a high-content imaging screening to identify NPs capable of efficiently delivering different type of RNAs. The NPs were generated using polymers synthesized by Michael type addition reactions and they were designed to: (i) efficiently complex coding (mRNAs) and non-coding (miRNAs and/or lncRNAs) RNA molecules, (ii) allow rapid cell uptake and cytoplasmic release of RNA molecules and (iii) target different cell types based on their composition. Furthermore, light-responsive domains were attached to the polymers by distinctive methods to provide diverse disassembly strategies. The most efficient formulations were identified using cell-based assays and high-content imaging analysis. This strategy allows precise delivery of RNA-based therapies and provides an effective design approach to address critical issues in non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Francisco
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Rebelo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Josephine Blersch
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Ulkoski D, Bak A, Wilson JT, Krishnamurthy VR. Recent advances in polymeric materials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1149-1167. [PMID: 31498013 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1663822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics through non-viral carriers face multiple biological barriers that reduce their therapeutic efficiency. Despite great progress, there remains a significant technological gap that continues to limit clinical translation of these nanocarriers. A number of polymeric materials are being exploited to efficiently deliver nucleic acids and achieve therapeutic effects. Areas covered: We discuss the recent advances in the polymeric materials for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. We examine the use of common polymer architectures and highlight the challenges that exist for their development from bench side to clinic. We also provide an overview of the most notable improvements made to circumvent such challenges, including structural modification and stimuli-responsive approaches, for safe and effective nucleic acid delivery. Expert opinion: It has become apparent that a universal carrier that follows 'one-size' fits all model cannot be expected for delivery of all nucleic acid therapeutics. Carriers need to be designed to exhibit sensitivity and specificity toward individual targets diseases/indications, and relevant subcellular compartments, each of which possess their own unique challenges. The ability to devise synthetic methods that control the molecular architecture enables the future development that allow for the construction of 'intelligent' designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulkoski
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca , Boston , USA
| | - Annette Bak
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Wu D, Zhang Y, Xu X, Guo T, Xie D, Zhu R, Chen S, Ramakrishna S, He L. RGD/TAT-functionalized chitosan-graft-PEI-PEG gene nanovector for sustained delivery of NT-3 for potential application in neural regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:266-277. [PMID: 29578088 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a multifunctional gene delivery nanovector containing a chitosan (CS) backbone and polyethylenimine (PEI) arms with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)/twin-arginine translocation (TAT) conjugated via polyethylene glycol (PEG). Branched PEI, with a molecular weight of 2000 Da, was used to achieve a balance between biocompatibility and transfection efficiency, whereas RGD/TAT peptides were conjugated for enhanced targeting ability and cellular uptake. Synthesis of the copolymers was confirmed by characterizing the chemical structure with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanovector was biocompatible with cells and showed excellent capability for DNA condensation; the resulting complexes with DNA were well-formed, and possessed small particle size and reasonable positive charge. Higher gene transfection efficiency, compared to that achieved with PEI (25 kDa), was confirmed in tumor (HeLa cells) and normal cells (293T and NIH 3T3 cells). More importantly, the cells transfected with the chitosan-graft-PEI-PEG/pCMV-EGFP-Ntf3 complex produced sustained neurotrophin-3 with a linear increase in cumulative concentration, which induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cell and promoted neurite outgrowth. These findings suggested that our multifunctional copolymers might be ideal nanovectors for engineering cells via gene transfection, and could potentially be applied in tumor therapy and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We successfully prepared a multifunctional gene delivery nanovector containing branched PEI with a molecular weight of 2000 Da to balance between biocompatibility and transfection efficiency, and RGD/TAT peptides for enhanced targeting ability and cellular uptake. The well-formed CPPP/DNA complexes of small particle size and reasonable positive charges potentially enhanced gene transfection in both tumor and normal cells. More importantly, the CPPP/pCMV-EGFP-Ntf3 complex-transfected 293T cells could produce sustained NT-3 with a constant ratio, which induced neuron differentiation of NSC and promoted neurite outgrowth. Therefore, our study provided an effective strategy for producing neurotrophins by engineering cells with gene delivery, which deserved wide investigation and potential application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongnu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Deming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Liumin He
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Charbgoo F, Behmanesh M, Nikkhah M, Kane EG. RNAi mediated gene silencing of ITPA using a targeted nanocarrier: Apoptosis induction in SKBR3 cancer cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:888-894. [PMID: 28464292 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A pure nucleotide pool is required for high-fidelity DNA replication and prevention of carcinogenesis in living cells. Human inosine triphosphatase (ITPase), encoded by the ITPA gene, plays a critical role in maintaining the purity of the cellular nucleotide pool by excluding nucleotides that enhance mutagenesis. ITPase is a nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes the non-canonical nucleotides inosine triphosphate (ITP) and xanthine triphosphate (XTP). The monophosphate products of ITPase reactions are subsequently excluded from the nucleotide pool and the improper substitution of ITP and XTP into DNA and RNA is prevented. Previous studies show that deficiency in ITPA can suppress cellular growth and enhance DNA instability. In this study, we evaluated the influence of effective ITPA down-regulation on the induction of apoptosis in a human cancer cell line using folate-single wall nanotubes (SWNT) as a targeted nanocarrier. We assessed whether SWNT enhances IPTA-siRNA transfection efficiency in cancer cells using folate as a homing device. Since folate receptor is considerably overexpressed in cancer cells, conjugation of SWNTs to folate could enhance their cancer-specific penetrance. We found that nanocarrier mediated ITPA-siRNA transfection into SKBR3 cells caused significant reduction of ITPA mRNA expression level and complete down-regulation of the ITPase protein product. The silencing of ITPA led to promotion of apoptosis in SWNT-treated SKBR3 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Charbgoo
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eric G Kane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Zhu J, Qiao M, Wang Q, Ye Y, Ba S, Ma J, Hu H, Zhao X, Chen D. Dual-responsive polyplexes with enhanced disassembly and endosomal escape for efficient delivery of siRNA. Biomaterials 2018; 162:47-59. [PMID: 29432988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extracellular barriers for siRNA delivery have been overcome by utilizing advanced nanoparticle delivery systems, the key intracellular barriers after internalization including efficient disassembly of siRNA and endosomal escape still remains challenging. To address the issues, we developed a unique pH- and redox potential-responsive polyplex delivery system based on the copolymer of mPEG-b-PLA-PHis-ssPEI1.8 k, which is composed of a pH-responsive copolymer of PEG-b-PLA-PHis (Mw 5 k) and a branched PEI (Mw1.8 k) linked with redox cleavable disulfide bond. The copolymer showed excellent siRNA complexation and protection abilities against endogenous substances at the relatively low N/P ratio of 6. The siRNA release from the polyplexes (N/P 6) was markedly increased from 13.62% to 58.67% under conditions simulating the endosomal microenvironment. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) test also indicated a higher disassembly extent of siRNA from the copolymer. The accelerated siRNA release from the polyplexes was markedly restrained when the N/P ratio was raised above 10 due to the increasing of electrostatic interactions. The efficient endosomal escape of siRNA after internalization was confirmed by confocal microscopy, which was attributed to the cleavaged PEI chains inducing membrane destabilization, the "proton sponge effect" of PHis and PEI as well as the relative small size of after disassembly. The enhanced disassembly and endosomal escape were elucidated as the leading cause for polyplexes (N/P 6) showed more efficient Bcl-2 silencing (85.45%) than those polyplexes with higher N/P ratios (N/P 10 and 15). In vivo results further demonstrated that polyplexes (N/P 6) delivery of siBcl-2 significantly inhibited the MCF-7 breast tumor growth as compared to its counterparts. The incorporation of convertible non-electrical interactions at a balance with electrostatic interactions in complexation siRNA has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to achieve efficient disassembly from stable polyplexes. Moreover, polyplexes equipped with the enhanced disassembly and endosomal escape provides a new potential way to tackle the intracellular delivery bottleneck for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Yuqing Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Shuang Ba
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 42, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, PR China.
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Li Y, Thambi T, Lee DS. Co-Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymeric Nanoparticles for Synergistic Cancer Therapeutic Effects. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28941203 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug and gene delivery systems based on nanoparticles, microparticles and hydrogels have been widely studied for cancer treatment in the past decade. To achieve an efficient and safe delivery, selection of drug and gene delivery carrier is critical. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles are considerably promising carrier candidates in delivery of drugs and genes because of their unique chemical and physical properties. However, delivery of a drug or gene sometimes cannot achieve a satisfactory treatment effect. Therefore, co-delivery of dual drugs or co-delivery of a drug and a gene in a polymeric nanoparticle has attracted attention. Such co-delivery systems can overcome multi-drug resistance of chemical drugs and achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this progress report, we summarize recent progress in the preparation and application of polymeric drug and gene co-delivery nanosystems. The remaining challenges and future trends in this field are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
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Singhsa P, Diaz-Dussan D, Manuspiya H, Narain R. Well-Defined Cationic N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide Hydrochloride-Based (Co)polymers for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:209-221. [PMID: 29195038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic glycopolymers have shown to be excellent candidates for the fabrication of gene delivery devices due to their ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged nucleic acids and the carbohydrate residues ensure enhanced stability and low toxicity of the polyplexes. The ability to engineer the polymers for optimized compositions, molecular weights, and architectures is critical in the design of effective gene delivery vehicles. Therefore, in this study, the aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) was used to synthesize well-defined cationic glycopolymers with various cationic segments. For the preparation of cationic parts, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide hydrochloride (DMAPMA·HCl), water-soluble methacrylamide monomer containing tertiary amine, was polymerized to produce DMAPMA·HCl homopolymer, which was then used as macroCTA in the block copolymerization with two other methacrylamide monomers containing different pendant groups, namely, 2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride (AEMA) (with primary amine) and N-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine methacrylamide (MPMA) (with morpholine ring). In addition, statistical copolymers of DMAPMA.HCl with either AEMA or MPMA were also synthesized. All resulting cationic polymers were utilized as macroCTA for the RAFT copolymerization with 2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylamide (LAEMA), which consists of the pendent galactose residues to achieve DMAPMA·HCl-based glycopolymers. From the in vitro cytotoxicity study, the cationic glycopolymers showed better cell viabilities than the corresponding cationic homopolymers. Furthermore, complexation of the cationic polymers with siRNA, cellular uptake of the resulting polyplexes, and gene knockdown efficiencies were evaluated. All cationic polymers/glycopolymers demonstrated good complexation ability with siRNA at low weight ratios. Among these cationic polymer-siRNA polyplexes, the polyplexes prepared from the two glycopolymers, P(DMAPMA65-b-LAEMA15) and P[(DMAPMA65-b-MPMA63)-b-LAEMA16], showed outstanding results in the cellular uptake, high EGFR knockdown, and low post-transfection toxicity, suggesting the great potential in siRNA delivery of these novel glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyawadee Singhsa
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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12
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Yu J, Zhang J, Xing H, Sun Y, Yang Z, Yang T, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Novel guanidinylated bioresponsive poly(amidoamine)s designed for short hairpin RNA delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6651-6666. [PMID: 27994462 PMCID: PMC5154728 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different disulfide (SS)-containing poly(amidoamine) (PAA) polymers were constructed using guanidino (Gua)-containing monomers (ie, arginine [Arg] and agmatine [Agm]) and N,N′-cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA) by Michael-addition polymerization. In order to characterize these two Gua-SS-PAA polymers and investigate their potentials as short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-delivery carriers, pSilencer 4.1-CMV FANCF shRNA was chosen as a model plasmid DNA to form complexes with these two polymers. The Gua-SS-PAAs and plasmid DNA complexes were determined with particle sizes less than 90 nm and positive ζ-potentials under 20 mV at nucleic acid:polymer weight ratios lower than 1:24. Bioresponsive release of plasmid DNA was observed from both newly constructed complexes. Significantly lower cytotoxicity was observed for both polymer complexes compared with polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine 2000, two widely used transfection reagents as reference carriers. Arg-CBA showed higher transfection efficiency and gene-silencing efficiency in MCF7 cells than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. In addition, the cellular uptake of Arg-CBA in MCF7 cells was found to be higher and faster than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. Similarly, plasmid DNA transport into the nucleus mediated by Arg-CBA was more than that by Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. The study suggested that guanidine and carboxyl introduced into Gua-SS-PAAs polymers resulted in a better nuclear localization effect, which played a key role in the observed enhancement of transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Overall, two newly synthesized Gua-SS-PAAs polymers demonstrated great potential to be used as shRNA carriers for gene-therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Disulfide-functional poly(amido amine)s with tunable degradability for gene delivery. J Control Release 2016; 244:357-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Yu J, Zhang J, Xing H, Yang Z, Cai C, Zhang C, Zhao X, Wei M, Yang L, Ding P. Guanidinylated bioresponsive poly(amido amine)s designed for intranuclear gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4011-24. [PMID: 27574429 PMCID: PMC4993266 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinylated poly(amido amine)s with multiple disulfide linkages (Gua-SS-PAAs) were designed and constructed as nonviral gene carriers. The main chains of these novel carriers were synthesized based on monomers containing guanidino groups (guanidine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine), which could avoid complicated side-chain-modification reactions while introducing the guanidino groups. The synthesized Gua-SS-PAAs polymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular weight, and polydispersity. Furthermore, Gua-SS-PAAs polymers were complexed with pDNA, and the properties of the complexes were determined, including entrapment efficiency, particle size, ζ-potential, atomic force microscopy images, stability, DNA complexation ability, reduction sensitivity, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. The new Gua-SS-PAAs carriers exhibited higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared with two widely used gene delivery carriers, polyethylenimine and lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, the relationship between the side-chain structure and morphological/biological properties was extrapolated, and the results showed that guanidine in the side chain aids in the improvement of transfection efficiency. In addition, the introduction of guanidino group might confer the new carriers with nuclear localization function compared to carriers without it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Conglu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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15
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Junquera E, Aicart E. Recent progress in gene therapy to deliver nucleic acids with multivalent cationic vectors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 233:161-175. [PMID: 26265376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential use as transfecting agents of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), multivalent cationic non-viral vectors have received special attention in the last decade. Much effort has been addressed to synthesize more efficient and biocompatible gene vectors able to transport nucleic acids into the cells without provoking an immune response. Among them, the mostly explored to compact and transfect nucleic acids are: (a) gemini and multivalent cationic lipids, mixed with a helper lipid, by forming lipoplexes; and (b) cationic polymers, polycations, and polyrotaxanes, by forming polyplexes. This review is focused on the progress and recent advances experimented in this area, mainly during the present decade, devoting special attention to the lipoplexes and polyplexes, as follows: (a) to its biophysical characterization (mainly electrostatics, structure, size and morphology) using a wide variety of experimental methods; and (b) to its biological activity (transfection efficacy and cytotoxicity) addressed to confirm the optimum formulations and viability of these complexes as very promising gene vectors of nucleic acids in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Junquera
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Kozielski KL, Rui Y, Green JJ. Non-viral nucleic acid containing nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1475-87. [PMID: 27248202 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1190707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA) is promising for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, by enabling novel biological mechanisms of action. Non-viral nanoparticles are a promising class of nucleic acid carriers that can be designed to be safer and more versatile than traditional viral vectors. AREAS COVERED In this review, recent advances in the intracellular delivery of DNA and siRNA are described with a focus on non-viral nanoparticle-based delivery methods. Material properties that have enabled successful delivery are discussed as well as applications that have directly been applied to cancer therapy. Strategies to co-deliver different nucleic acids are highlighted, as are novel targets for nucleic acid co-delivery. EXPERT OPINION The treatment of complex genetically-based diseases such as cancer can be enabled by safe and effective intracellular delivery of multiple nucleic acids. Non-viral nanoparticles can be fabricated to deliver multiple nucleic acids to the same cell simultaneously to prevent tumor cells from easily compensating for the knockdown or overexpression of one genetic target. The continued innovation of new therapeutic modalities and non-viral nanotechnologies to provide target-specific and personalized forms of gene therapy hold promise for genetic medicine to treat diseases like cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, & the Translational Tissue Engineering Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Yuan Rui
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, & the Translational Tissue Engineering Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, & the Translational Tissue Engineering Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,b Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Materials Science & Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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17
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Yu QY, Liu YH, Huang Z, Zhang J, Luan CR, Zhang QF, Yu XQ. Bio-reducible polycations from ring-opening polymerization as potential gene delivery vehicles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6470-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bio-reducible polycations were prepared via ring-opening polymerization. These materials have relatively low molecular weights and cytotoxicity but have good DNA condensation ability, transfection efficiency and excellent serum tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Chao-Ran Luan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Qin-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
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18
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Shi C, He Y, Feng X, Fu D. ε-Polylysine and next-generation dendrigraft poly-L-lysine: chemistry, activity, and applications in biopharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1343-56. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Bishop CJ, Kozielski KL, Green JJ. Exploring the role of polymer structure on intracellular nucleic acid delivery via polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 219:488-499. [PMID: 26433125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular nucleic acid delivery has the potential to treat many genetically-based diseases, however, gene delivery safety and efficacy remains a challenging obstacle. One promising approach is the use of polymers to form polymeric nanoparticles with nucleic acids that have led to exciting advances in non-viral gene delivery. Understanding the successes and failures of gene delivery polymers and structures is the key to engineering optimal polymers for gene delivery in the future. This article discusses the polymer structural features that enable effective intracellular delivery of DNA and RNA, including protection of nucleic acid cargo, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, vector unpacking, and delivery to the intracellular site of activity. The chemical properties that aid in each step of intracellular nucleic acid delivery are described and specific structures of note are highlighted. Understanding the chemical design parameters of polymeric nucleic acid delivery nanoparticles is important to achieving the goal of safe and effective non-viral genetic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, Oncology, and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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20
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Hujaya SD, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Multilayered thin films from poly(amido amine)s and DNA. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:19-31. [PMID: 25931019 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dip-coated multilayered thin films of poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) and DNA have been developed to provide surfaces with cell-transfecting capabilities. Three types of PAAs, differing in side chain functional groups, were synthesized and characterized for their properties in forming multilayered structures with ultrasonicated calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) as model DNA. All three polymers display a multilayer build-up in linear profiles as demonstrated by UV spectroscopy. More highly charged side chains were found to provide the lowest deposition of DNA. Surface profiles of the obtained films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and static water contact angle measurements to reveal complete surface coverage after at least four layer pair depositions, where alternating patterns of surface profiles were observed depending on whether the cationic polymer or the anionic DNA layer was on top. The stability of the formed surfaces was investigated in vitro under physiological and reductive conditions. Owing to the presence of disulfide bonds in the PAA main chain, the films were readily degraded in the presence of 1mM of DTT in vitro. Under non-reductive physiological conditions, two of the thicker films underwent thermodynamic rearrangement, which resulted in release of approximately half of the incorporated material within 1h, which was caused by the physiological salt concentration. Further, this unpacking phenomenon proved useful in transfecting COS-7 cells seeded on top of these multilayers containing functional plasmid DNA encoding for green fluorescence protein (GFP). Two out of the three different multilayers facilitated good COS-7 cell attachment, proliferation, and transfection in vitro within 2d ays of culture. Fluorescence staining further revealed the presence of DNA-containing released film material among cultured cells. The present work demonstrates the possibility of coating surfaces with thin films that are conveniently adjustable in thickness and amount of active agent to provide cell-transfecting functionality. In this manner transfection can be achieved by simply culturing cells on a multilayer-coated surface in their optimal culture condition (in the presence of serum) and without the need of removing the transfection agent to avoid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sry D Hujaya
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan F J Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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21
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Mangraviti A, Tzeng SY, Kozielski KL, Wang Y, Jin Y, Gullotti D, Pedone M, Buaron N, Liu A, Wilson DR, Hansen SK, Rodriguez FJ, Gao GD, DiMeco F, Brem H, Olivi A, Tyler B, Green JJ. Polymeric nanoparticles for nonviral gene therapy extend brain tumor survival in vivo. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1236-49. [PMID: 25643235 PMCID: PMC4342728 DOI: 10.1021/nn504905q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have the potential to be safer alternatives to viruses for gene delivery; however, their use has been limited by poor efficacy in vivo. In this work, we synthesize and characterize polymeric gene delivery nanoparticles and evaluate their efficacy for DNA delivery of herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (HSVtk) combined with the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) in a malignant glioma model. We investigated polymer structure for gene delivery in two rat glioma cell lines, 9L and F98, to discover nanoparticle formulations more effective than the leading commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. The lead polymer structure, poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) end-modified with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine, is a poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) and formed nanoparticles with HSVtk DNA that were 138 ± 4 nm in size and 13 ± 1 mV in zeta potential. These nanoparticles containing HSVtk DNA showed 100% cancer cell killing in vitro in the two glioma cell lines when combined with GCV exposure, while control nanoparticles encoding GFP maintained robust cell viability. For in vivo evaluation, tumor-bearing rats were treated with PBAE/HSVtk infusion via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in combination with systemic administration of GCV. These treated animals showed a significant benefit in survival (p = 0.0012 vs control). Moreover, following a single CED infusion, labeled PBAE nanoparticles spread completely throughout the tumor. This study highlights a nanomedicine approach that is highly promising for the treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mangraviti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Yi Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kristen Lynn Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yike Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - David Gullotti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Mariangela Pedone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Nitsa Buaron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ann Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Sarah K. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Fausto J. Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Guo-Dong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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22
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Frère A, Kawalec M, Tempelaar S, Peixoto P, Hendrick E, Peulen O, Evrard B, Dubois P, Mespouille L, Mottet D, Piel G. Impact of the Structure of Biocompatible Aliphatic Polycarbonates on siRNA Transfection Ability. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:769-79. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501676p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kawalec
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Health
Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20 - 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sarah Tempelaar
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Health
Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20 - 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Health
Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20 - 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Mespouille
- Laboratory
of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research Institute for Health
Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20 - 7000, Mons, Belgium
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23
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Novo L, Takeda KM, Petteta T, Dakwar GR, van den Dikkenberg JB, Remaut K, Braeckmans K, van Nostrum CF, Mastrobattista E, Hennink WE. Targeted Decationized Polyplexes for siRNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:150-61. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500499x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Novo
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaori M. Takeda
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tamara Petteta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George R. Dakwar
- Laboratory for General
Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joep B. van den Dikkenberg
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory for General
Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General
Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre
for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Islam MA, Park T, Singh B, Maharjan S, Firdous J, Cho MH, Kang SK, Yun CH, Choi Y, Cho CS. Major degradable polycations as carriers for DNA and siRNA. J Control Release 2014; 193:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Hurtado De Mendoza BA, Green JJ. Bioreducible cationic polymer-based nanoparticles for efficient and environmentally triggered cytoplasmic siRNA delivery to primary human brain cancer cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3232-41. [PMID: 24673565 PMCID: PMC4004313 DOI: 10.1021/nn500704t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
siRNA nanomedicines can potentially treat many human diseases, but safe and effective delivery remains a challenge. DNA delivery polymers such as poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) generally cannot effectively deliver siRNA and require chemical modification to enable siRNA encapsulation and delivery. An optimal siRNA delivery nanomaterial needs to be able to bind and self-assemble with siRNA molecules that are shorter and stiffer than plasmid DNA in order to form stable nanoparticles, and needs to promote efficient siRNA release upon entry to the cytoplasm. To address these concerns, we designed, synthesized, and characterized an array of bioreducible PBAEs that self-assemble with siRNA in aqueous conditions to form nanoparticles of approximately 100 nm and that exhibit environmentally triggered siRNA release upon entering the reducing environment of the cytosol. By tuning polymer properties, including bioreducibility and hydrophobicity, we were able to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles capable of efficient gene knockdown (91 ± 1%) in primary human glioblastoma cells without significant cytotoxicity (6 ± 12%). We were also able to achieve significantly higher knockdown using these polymers with a low dose of 5 nM siRNA (76 ± 14%) compared to commercially available reagent Lipofectamine 2000 with a 4-fold higher dose of 20 nM siRNA (40 ± 7%). These bioreducible PBAEs also enabled 63 ± 16% gene knockdown using an extremely low 1 nM siRNA dose and showed preferential transfection of glioblastoma cells versus noncancer neural progenitor cells, highlighting their potential as efficient and tumor-specific carriers for siRNA-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Bolivia A. Hurtado De Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Yi WJ, Zhang QF, Zhang J, Liu Q, Ren L, Chen QM, Guo L, Yu XQ. Cyclen-based lipidic oligomers as potential gene delivery vehicles. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1412-22. [PMID: 24342038 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclen-based linear oligomers bearing hydrophobic long chains (lipopolymers Cy-LC, where Cy and LC represent cyclen-based linear backbone and hydrophobic long chain substituents, respectively) were designed and synthesized. The effects of type and degree of substitution (DS) of hydrophobic long chains on the transfection efficiency were systematically studied. The nitrogen atoms with relatively strong basicity on the cyclen ensure their good DNA binding ability, which was confirmed by gel retardation and ethidium bromide exclusion assays. Lipopolyplexes could be formed as nanoparticles with suitable sizes and zeta potentials for gene transfection. In vitro gene delivery experiments revealed that the linoleic acid (LIN) substituted material Cy-LIN has better transfection efficiency than 25 kDa polyethylenimine in the absence or in the presence of serum. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and hemolysis assays showed low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of the lipopolyplexes. Fluorescent labeled DNA was used to study the cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of transfected DNA. Flow cytometry results suggested that a long chain is necessary for efficient cellular uptake, and images from confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that after 4h transfection, most of the fluorescent labeled DNA accumulated in the perinuclear region, which was required for efficient gene expression. Moreover, it was also found that the DS of the hydrophobic moiety can adjust the balance between DNA binding ability and dissociation of polyplexes, significantly affecting the transfection efficiency.
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. siRNA nanomedicine: the promise of bioreducible materials. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 10:7-10. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dubois JLN, Lavignac N. Poly(amidoamine)s synthesis, characterisation and interaction with BSA. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. A bioreducible linear poly(β-amino ester) for siRNA delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5319-21. [PMID: 23646347 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40718g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Described here is the synthesis and characterization of a novel, bioreducible linear poly(β-amino ester) designed to condense siRNA into nanoparticles and efficiently release it upon entering the cytoplasm. Delivery of siRNA using this polymer achieved near-complete knockdown of a fluorescent marker gene in primary human glioblastoma cells with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Cass P, Knower W, Hinton T, Shi S, Grusche F, Tizard M, Gunatillake P. Synthesis and evaluation of degradable polyurea block copolymers as siRNA delivery agents. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8299-307. [PMID: 23684725 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chain extension by diisocyanate condensation provides a versatile and convenient means for preparing block copolymers. We have utilized this chemistry to prepare reducible multiblock polycations for siRNA delivery. This approach, an alternative to oxidative coupling, was suitable for preparing multiblock polycations with defined molecular weight and architecture. The polymer, PEG-b-multi-(polyhexylurea-co-oligo-L-lysine)-b-PEG, was capable of electrostatically condensing siRNA to form nano-sized polyplexes across a broad compositional range. We demonstrated that the polyplexes enter the cells via endocytosis and interact with the endosome membrane leading to destabilization and hence endosome escape. Another feature of these polymers is their multiple intra-chain disulfide linkages. This enables weakening of the polyplex via chain scission within the cytosol's reductive environment. In addition to the controlled preparation of the polymer, the polyplexes were capable of delivering siRNA in vitro to silence greater than 50% green fluorescent protein expression with negligible toxicity.
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Carbohydrate-interactive pDNA and siRNA gene vectors based on boronic acid functionalized poly(amido amine)s. J Control Release 2013; 169:266-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. Bioengineered nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:449-68. [PMID: 23821336 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been an important laboratory tool in the last two decades and has allowed researchers to better understand the functions of nonprotein-coding genes through RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi holds great promise for this purpose as well as for treatment of many diseases, efforts at using siRNA have been hampered by the difficulty of safely and effectively introducing it into cells of interest, both in vitro and in vivo. To overcome this challenge, many biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and optimized for siRNA delivery, often taking cues from the DNA delivery field, although different barriers exist for these two types of molecules. In this review, we discuss general properties of biomaterials and nanoparticles that are necessary for effective nucleic acid delivery. We also discuss specific examples of bioengineered materials, including lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, inorganic NPs, and RNA-based NPs, which clearly illustrate the problems and successes in siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xiao B, Laroui H, Ayyadurai S, Viennois E, Charania MA, Zhang Y, Merlin D. Mannosylated bioreducible nanoparticle-mediated macrophage-specific TNF-α RNA interference for IBD therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7471-82. [PMID: 23820013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of RNA interference (RNAi) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy has been limited by the lack of non-cytotoxic, efficient and targetable small interfering RNA (siRNA) carriers. TNF-α is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by macrophages during IBD. Here, a mannosylated bioreducible cationic polymer (PPM) was synthesized and further spontaneously assembled nanoparticles (NPs) assisted by sodium triphosphate (TPP). The TPP-PPM/siRNA NPs exhibited high uniformity (polydispersity index = 0.004), a small particle size (211-275 nm), excellent bioreducibility, and enhanced cellular uptake. Additionally, the generated NPs had negative cytotoxicity compared to control NPs fabricated by branched polyethylenimine (bPEI, 25 kDa) or Oligofectamine (OF) and siRNA. In vitro gene silencing experiments revealed that TPP-PPM/TNF-α siRNA NPs with a weight ratio of 40:1 showed the most efficient inhibition of the expression and secretion of TNF-α (approximately 69.9%, which was comparable to the 71.4% obtained using OF/siRNA NPs), and its RNAi efficiency was highly inhibited in the presence of mannose (20 mm). Finally, TPP-PPM/siRNA NPs showed potential therapeutic effects on colitis tissues, remarkably reducing TNF-α level. Collectively, these results suggest that non-toxic TPP-PPM/siRNA NPs can be exploited as efficient, macrophage-targeted carriers for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302, USA.
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Trends in polymeric delivery of nucleic acids to tumors. J Control Release 2013; 170:209-18. [PMID: 23770011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids to tumors has received extensive attention in the past few decades since these molecules are capable of treating disease by modulating the source of abnormalities. Although high efficiency and low toxicity of numerous delivery systems for nucleic acids have been approved frequently with in vitro assays, contradictions have been observed in many cases between these results and what has occurred in the dynamic in vivo situation. Filling this gap seems to be crucial for further preclinical development of such systems. In this paper, we discuss various barriers which polymeric DNA or siRNA nanoparticles encounter upon systemic administration with an aim to assist in designing more relevant in vitro assays. Furthermore, individual considerations concerning delivery of DNA and siRNA have been addressed.
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Parmar RG, Busuek M, Walsh ES, Leander KR, Howell BJ, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Kemp E, Crocker LS, Leone A, Kochansky CJ, Carr BA, Garbaccio RM, Colletti SL, Wang W. Endosomolytic Bioreducible Poly(amido amine disulfide) Polymer Conjugates for the in Vivo Systemic Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:640-7. [PMID: 23496378 DOI: 10.1021/bc300600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Giare Parmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marina Busuek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eileen S. Walsh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Karen R. Leander
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Bonnie J. Howell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Laura Sepp-Lorenzino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eric Kemp
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Louis S. Crocker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony Leone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christopher J. Kochansky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brian A. Carr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert M. Garbaccio
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven L. Colletti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of RNA Biology, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimicavia C. Golgi 1920133Milano Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)via G. Giusti 950121Firenze Italy
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Yu ZQ, Yan JJ, You YZ, Zhou QH. Bioreducible and acid-labile poly(amido amine)s for efficient gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5819-32. [PMID: 23209367 PMCID: PMC3511192 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s37334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular processes, including endosomal escape and intracellular release, are efficiency-determining steps in achieving successful gene delivery. It has been found that the presence of acid-labile units in polymers can facilitate endosomal escape and that the presence of reducible units in polymers can lead to intracellular release. In this study, poly(amido amine)s with both bioreducible and acid-labile properties were synthesized to improve gene delivery compared with single-responsive carriers. Transfection and cytotoxicity were evaluated in three cell lines. The complexes of DNA with dual-responsive polymers showed higher gene transfection efficiency than single-responsive polymers and polyethylenimine. At the same time, these polymers were tens of times less cytotoxic than polyethylenimine. Therefore, a polymer that is both reducible and acid-labile is a promising material for efficient and biocompatible gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Poly(amidoamine) polymers: soluble linear amphiphilic drug-delivery systems for genes, proteins and oligonucleotides. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:907-17. [PMID: 22833902 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-drug and polymer-protein conjugates are emerging as a robust and well-characterized class of therapeutic entity. Although there are no low-molecular-weight soluble polymer conjugates in routine clinical use, there are many examples of routinely used high-molecular-weight drugs conjugated to soluble polymers (e.g., Oncospar). Advances in synthetic polymer chemistry have fostered the development of linear poly(amidoamine)s (PAA)s that impart both biodegradability, 'smart' (pH responsive) biological activity and biocompatibility. In their linear form, such as hyper-branched poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, linear PAAs can be used to deliver large therapeutic entities such as peptides, proteins and genes to either the cytosol or nucleus. Furthermore, these polymers offer great potential in vivo due to their ability to either target the liver or be directed away from the liver and enter tumor mass via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. PAAs also exhibit minimal toxicity (dependent upon backbone chemistry), relative to well-characterized polymers used for gene delivery. The propensity of PAAs to modulate intracellular trafficking resulting in their cytosolic translocation has also recently been quantified in vivo and is the primary focus of this article.
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Preparation and in vitro properties of redox-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 87:454-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Physicochemical and biological evaluation of siRNA polyplexes based on PEGylated Poly(amido amine)s. Pharm Res 2011; 29:352-61. [PMID: 21833793 PMCID: PMC3264854 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of RNA interference as novel therapeutic strategy is hampered by inefficient delivery of its mediator, siRNA, to target cells. Cationic polymers have been thoroughly investigated for this purpose but often display unfavorable characteristics for systemic administration, such as interactions with serum and/or toxicity. METHODS We report the synthesis of a new PEGylated polymer based on biodegradable poly(amido amine)s with disulfide linkages in the backbone. Various amounts of PEGylated polymers were mixed with their unPEGylated counterparts prior to polyplex formation to alter PEG content in the final complex. RESULTS PEGylation effectively decreased polyplex surface charge, salt- or serum-induced aggregation and interaction with erythrocytes. Increasing amount of PEG in formulation also reduced its stability against heparin displacement, cellular uptake and subsequent silencing efficiency. Yet, for polyplexes with high PEG content, significant gene silencing efficacy was found, which was combined with almost no toxicity. CONCLUSIONS PEGylated poly(amido amine)s are promising carriers for systemic siRNA delivery in vivo.
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Moon JH, Mendez E, Kim Y, Kaur A. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for small interfering RNA delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8370-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10991j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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