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Zhu X, Hu Z, Yu T, Hu H, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhu Q, Wang M, Zhai P, He L, Riaz Rajoka MS, Song X, He Z. The Antiviral Effects of Jasminin via Endogenous TNF-α and the Underlying TNF-α-Inducing Action. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051598. [PMID: 35268699 PMCID: PMC8911969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has powerful antiviral activity but severe systematic side effects. Jasminin is a common bioactive component found in Chinese herbal medicine beverage “Jasmine Tea”. Here, we report that jasminin-induced endogenous TNF-α showed antiviral activity in vitro. The underlying TNF-α-inducing action of jasminin was also investigated in RAW264.7 cells. The level of endogenous TNF-α stimulated by jasminin was first analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the cell culture supernatant of RAW264.7 cells. The supernatants were then collected to investigate the potential antiviral effect against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The antiviral effects of jasminin alone or its supernatants were evaluated by a plaque reduction assay. The potential activation of the PI3K–Akt pathway, three main mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor (NF)–κB signaling pathways that induce TNF-α production were also investigated. Jasminin induces TNF-α protein expression in RAW264.7 cells without additional stimuli 10-fold more than the control. No significant up-expression of type I, II, and III interferons; interleukins 2 and 10; nor TNF-β were observed by the jasminin stimuli. The supernatants, containing jasminin-induced-TNF-α, showed antiviral activity against HSV-1. The jasminin-stimulated cells caused the simultaneous activation of the Akt, MAPKs, and NF–κB signal pathways. Furthermore, the pretreatment of the cells with the Akt, MAPKs, and NF–κB inhibitors effectively suppressed jasminin-induced TNF-α production. Our research provides evidence that endogenous TNF-α can be used as a strategy to encounter viral infections. Additionally, the Akt, MAPKs, and NF–κB signaling pathways are involved in the TNF-α synthesis that induced by jasminin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhu
- Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Ziwei Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Tian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yunshi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Q.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingzhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Q.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Peng Zhai
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Longxia He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610017, China;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Xun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Q.Z.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (H.H.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Q.Z.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Z.H.)
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Qian L, Yin X, Ji J, Chen Z, Fang H, Li H, Zhu F, Chang F. Tumor necrosis factor-α small interfering RNA alveolar epithelial cell-targeting nanoparticles reduce lung injury in C57BL/6J mice with sepsis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520984652. [PMID: 33435767 PMCID: PMC7809319 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520984652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α small interfering (si)RNA alveolar epithelial cell (AEC)-targeting nanoparticles in lung injury is unclear. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mice with sepsis were divided into normal, control, sham, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles groups (n = 10 per group). The wet:dry lung weight ratio, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for inflammatory factors were conducted to compare differences among groups. Results The wet:dry ratio was significantly lower in control and sham groups than other groups. TNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of eosinophils, with significantly lower numbers in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. The nanoparticles also significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, B-cell lymphoma-2, caspase 3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, with TNF-α expression being significantly lower in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. Conclusion TNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles appear to be effective at improving lung injury-related sepsis, and 50 mg/kg may be a preferred dose option for administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Jiahao Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital. Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Fang
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital. Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital. Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
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Raja MAG, Katas H, Amjad MW. Design, mechanism, delivery and therapeutics of canonical and Dicer-substrate siRNA. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:497-510. [PMID: 32104477 PMCID: PMC7032099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), canonical small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been recognized to trigger sequence-specific gene silencing. Despite the benefits of siRNAs as potential new drugs, there are obstacles still to be overcome, including off-target effects and immune stimulation. More recently, Dicer substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) has been introduced as an alternative to siRNA. Similarly, it also is proving to be potent and target-specific, while rendering less immune stimulation. DsiRNA is 25–30 nucleotides in length, and is further cleaved and processed by the Dicer enzyme. As with siRNA, it is crucial to design and develop a stable, safe, and efficient system for the delivery of DsiRNA into the cytoplasm of targeted cells. Several polymeric nanoparticle systems have been well established to load DsiRNA for in vitro and in vivo delivery, thereby overcoming a major hurdle in the therapeutic uses of DsiRNA. The present review focuses on a comparison of siRNA and DsiRNA on the basis of their design, mechanism, in vitro and in vivo delivery, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abdul Ghafoor Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73211, Saudi Arabia
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Bégin-Lavallée V, Midavaine É, Dansereau MA, Tétreault P, Longpré JM, Jacobi AM, Rose SD, Behlke MA, Beaudet N, Sarret P. Functional inhibition of chemokine receptor CCR2 by dicer-substrate-siRNA prevents pain development. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916653969. [PMID: 27306408 PMCID: PMC4956154 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, or monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) acts as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system through its binding to the C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). Notably, it is well established that the CCL2/CCR2 axis plays a key role in neuron-glia communication as well as in spinal nociceptive transmission. Gene silencing through RNA interference has recently emerged as a promising avenue in research and drug development, including therapeutic management of chronic pain. In the present study, we used 27-mer Dicer-substrate small interfering RNA (DsiRNA) targeting CCR2 and assessed their ability to reverse the nociceptive behaviors induced by spinal CCL2 injection or following intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. RESULTS To this end, we first developed high-potency DsiRNAs designed to target different sequences distributed across the rat CCR2 (rCCR2) messenger RNA. For optimization, methyl groups were added to the two most potent DsiRNA candidates (Evader and M7 2'-O-methyl modified duplexes) in order to improve in vivo duplex stability and to reduce potential immunostimulatory activity. Our results demonstrated that all modified candidates formulated with the cell-penetrating peptide reagent Transductin showed strong RNAi activity following intrathecal delivery, exhibiting >50% rCCR2 knockdown in lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Accordingly, we found that these DsiRNA duplexes were able to reduce spinal microglia activation and were effective at blocking CCL2-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Along with similar reductions of rCCR2 messenger RNA, both sequences and methylation patterns were similarly effective in inhibiting the CCL2 nociceptive action for the whole seven days testing period, compared to mismatch DsiRNA. DsiRNAs against CCR2 also reversed the hypernociceptive responses observed in the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory chronic pain model. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results validate CCR2 as a an appropriate molecular target for pain control and demonstrate that RNAi-based gene therapy represent an highly specific alternative to classical pharmacological approaches to treat central pathologies such as chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bégin-Lavallée
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Philippe Sarret, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Élora Midavaine
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Dansereau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Tétreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Scott D Rose
- Integrated DNA Technologies Inc, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies Inc, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Nicolas Beaudet
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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An Interferon Regulated MicroRNA Provides Broad Cell-Intrinsic Antiviral Immunity through Multihit Host-Directed Targeting of the Sterol Pathway. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002364. [PMID: 26938778 PMCID: PMC4777525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In invertebrates, small interfering RNAs are at the vanguard of cell-autonomous antiviral immunity. In contrast, antiviral mechanisms initiated by interferon (IFN) signaling predominate in mammals. Whilst mammalian IFN-induced miRNA are known to inhibit specific viruses, it is not known whether host-directed microRNAs, downstream of IFN-signaling, have a role in mediating broad antiviral resistance. By performing an integrative, systematic, global analysis of RNA turnover utilizing 4-thiouridine labeling of newly transcribed RNA and pri/pre-miRNA in IFN-activated macrophages, we identify a new post-transcriptional viral defense mechanism mediated by miR-342-5p. On the basis of ChIP and site-directed promoter mutagenesis experiments, we find the synthesis of miR-342-5p is coupled to the antiviral IFN response via the IFN-induced transcription factor, IRF1. Strikingly, we find miR-342-5p targets mevalonate-sterol biosynthesis using a multihit mechanism suppressing the pathway at different functional levels: transcriptionally via SREBF2, post-transcriptionally via miR-33, and enzymatically via IDI1 and SC4MOL. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and enzymatic assays demonstrate the targeting mechanisms reduce intermediate sterol pathway metabolites and total cholesterol in macrophages. These results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which IFN regulates the sterol pathway. The sterol pathway is known to be an integral part of the macrophage IFN antiviral response, and we show that miR-342-5p exerts broad antiviral effects against multiple, unrelated pathogenic viruses such Cytomegalovirus and Influenza A (H1N1). Metabolic rescue experiments confirm the specificity of these effects and demonstrate that unrelated viruses have differential mevalonate and sterol pathway requirements for their replication. This study, therefore, advances the general concept of broad antiviral defense through multihit targeting of a single host pathway.
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Size-dependent specific targeting and efficient gene silencing in peritoneal macrophages using a pH-sensitive cationic liposomal siRNA carrier. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ma Y, Zhao S, Shen S, Fang S, Ye Z, Shi Z, Hong A. A novel recombinant slow-release TNF α-derived peptide effectively inhibits tumor growth and angiogensis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13595. [PMID: 26337231 PMCID: PMC4559766 DOI: 10.1038/srep13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RMP16, a recombinant TNF α-derived polypeptide comprising a specific human serum albumin (HSA)-binding 7-mer peptide identified by phage display screening (WQRPSSW), a cleavage peptide for Factor Xa (IEGR), and a 20-amino acid bioactive peptide P16 (TNF α segment including amino acid residues 75–94), was prepared by gene-engineering technology. RMP16 showed prolonged half-life, 13.11 hours in mice (half-lives of P16 and TNF α are 5.77 and 29.0 minutes, respectively), and obviously higher receptor selectivity for TNFRI than TNF α. RMP16 had significant inhibition effects for multiple tumor cells, especially prostate cancer Du145 cells, and human vascular endothelial cells but not for human mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. RMP16 can more effectively induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation for DU145 cells than P16 and TNF α via the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In nude mice with transplanted tumor of DU145 cells, RMP16 significantly induced apoptosis and necrosis of tumor tissues but causing less side effects, and tumor inhibitory rate reached nearly 80%, furthermore, RMP16 can potently inhibit tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization. These findings suggest that RMP16 may represent a promising long-lasting antitumor therapeutic peptide with less TNF α-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaojun Zhao
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shutao Shen
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shixiong Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zulu Ye
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University
| | - Zhi Shi
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine &Dept. Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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Identification of four novel serum protein biomarkers in sepsis patients encoded by target genes of sepsis-related miRNAs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:857-67. [PMID: 24303815 PMCID: PMC4202716 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to identify novel protein biomarkers from the target genes of
six serum miRNAs that we identified previously in patients with sepsis. The target genes were
predicted by bioinformatics analysis; the levels of the respective proteins in the sera of patients
with sepsis were detected by ELISA. ACVR2A (activin A receptor, type IIA),
FOXO1 (forkhead box O1), IHH (Indian hedgehog),
STK4 (serine/threonine kinase 4) and DUSP3 (dual specificity
phosphatase 3) were predicted to be the targets of the six miRNAs, and their encoded proteins were
used for biomarker identification. Levels of ACVR2A (P<0.01) and FOXO1
(P<0.01) were significantly different among normal controls, patients with
sepsis, patients with severe sepsis and patients with septic shock. Furthermore, levels of ACVR2A
(P=0.025), FOXO1 (P<0.001), IHH (P=0.001)
and STK4 (P=0.001) were differentially expressed in survivors and non-survivors.
DUSP3 levels were not significantly different between any groups. Conjoin analysis of the four
differentially expressed proteins showed that the area under the curve of the predictive
probabilities was 0.875 [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.785–0.965], which was higher than
the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health
Evaluation II) scores. When the value of predictive probabilities was 0.449, the four proteins
yielded a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 91%. Dynamic changes in ACVR2A, FOXO1 and IHH
levels showed differential expression between survivors and non-survivors at all time points. On the
basis of a combined analysis of the four identified proteins, their predictive value of 28-day
mortality of patients with sepsis was better than the SOFA or APACHE II scores. Four novel protein biomarkers encoded by the miRNA target genes were identified for patients with
sepsis. The combined analysis of the four proteins indicated that their predictive value for sepsis
prognosis was better than the values for the SOFA score and APACHE II score.
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Snead NM, Wu X, Li A, Cui Q, Sakurai K, Burnett JC, Rossi JJ. Molecular basis for improved gene silencing by Dicer substrate interfering RNA compared with other siRNA variants. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6209-21. [PMID: 23620279 PMCID: PMC3695504 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical exogenous trigger of RNA interference (RNAi) in mammals is small interfering RNA (siRNA). One promising application of RNAi is siRNA-based therapeutics, and therefore the optimization of siRNA efficacy is an important consideration. To reduce unfavorable properties of canonical 21mer siRNAs, structural and chemical variations to canonical siRNA have been reported. Several of these siRNA variants demonstrate increased potency in downstream readout-based assays, but the molecular mechanism underlying the increased potency is not clear. Here, we tested the performance of canonical siRNAs and several sequence-matched variants in parallel in gene silencing, RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) assembly, stability and Argonaute (Ago) loading assays. The commonly used 19mer with two deoxythymidine overhangs (19merTT) variant performed similarly to canonical 21mer siRNA. A shorter 16mer variant (16merTT) did not perform comparably in our assays. Dicer substrate interfering RNA (dsiRNA) demonstrated better gene silencing by the guide strand (target complementary strand), better RISC assembly, persistence of the guide strand and relatively more loading of the guide strand into Ago. Hence, we demonstrate the advantageous properties of dsiRNAs at upstream, intermediate and downstream molecular steps of the RNAi pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Snead
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against systemic inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5757-61. [PMID: 23610013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Mediate Oral Delivery of Therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against Systemic Inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Snead NM, Rossi JJ. RNA interference trigger variants: getting the most out of RNA for RNA interference-based therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012; 22:139-46. [PMID: 22703279 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics lies in safe and successful delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the molecular entity that triggers and guides sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs. Optimizing the chemistry and structure of siRNAs to achieve maximum efficacy is an important parameter in the development of siRNA therapeutics. The RNAi protein machinery can tolerate a variety of non-canonical modifications made to siRNAs, each of which imparts advantageous properties. Here, we review these modifications to siRNAs in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Snead
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Leconet W, Petit P, Peraldi-Roux S, Bresson D. Nonviral delivery of small interfering RNA into pancreas-associated immune cells prevents autoimmune diabetes. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2315-25. [PMID: 22990670 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the treatment of human disorders has been often hampered by their low transfection efficiency in vivo. In order to overcome this major drawback, various in vivo siRNA transfection methods have been developed. However, their capacity to transfect immune or insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreas for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes remains undetermined. We found that lipid- or polyethylenimine-based delivery agents were efficient to address siRNA molecules within pancreas-associated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (but not β-cells) and particularly a CD11b(+) cell population comprising both CD11b(+)CD11c(neg) macrophages and CD11b(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells. However, the route of administration and the carrier composition greatly affected the transfection efficacy. Therapeutically, we showed that early (starting at 6-week-old) short-course treatment with lipid/Alox15-specific siRNA complex promoted long-term protection from type 1 diabetes (T1D) in wild-type (WT) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Alox15 downregulation in pancreas-associated CD11b(+) cells significantly upregulated a variety of costimulatory molecules and particularly the programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway involved in tolerance induction. Concomitantly, we found that regulatory T cells were increased in the pancreas of lipid/Alox15 siRNA-treated NOD mice. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the development of siRNA-based therapeutics for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhem Leconet
- Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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