1
|
Lopalco A, Iacobazzi RM, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Recent Advances in Nanodrug Delivery Systems Production, Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2834:303-332. [PMID: 39312172 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4003-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last three decades, the development of nanoparticles or nano-formulations as drug delivery systems has emerged as a promising tool to overcome the limitations of conventional delivery, potentially to improve the stability and solubility of active molecules, promote their transport across the biological membranes, and prolong circulation times to increase efficacy of a therapy. Despite several nano-formulations having applications in drug delivery, some issues concerning their safety and toxicity are still debated. This chapter describes the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano-formulations for drug delivery. Several key factors can influence the behavior of nanoparticles in a biological environment, and their evaluation is crucial to design non-toxic and effective nano-formulations. Among them, we have focused our attention on materials and methods for their preparation (including the innovative microfluidic technique), mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, purification of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nano-stability. This chapter places emphasis on the utilization of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models for the assessment and prediction of toxicity associated with these nano-formulations. Furthermore, the chapter includes specific examples of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on nanoparticles, illustrating their application in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arduino I, Di Fonte R, Tiboni M, Porcelli L, Serratì S, Fondaj D, Rafaschieri T, Cutrignelli A, Guida G, Casettari L, Azzariti A, Lopedota AA, Denora N, Iacobazzi RM. Microfluidic development and biological evaluation of targeted therapy-loaded biomimetic nano system to improve the metastatic melanoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123697. [PMID: 38081557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing current therapies is among next steps in metastatic melanoma (MM) treatment landscape. The innovation of this study is the design of production process by microfluidics of cell membrane (CM)-modified nanoparticles (NPs), as an emerging biomimetic platform that allows for reduced immune clearance, long blood circulation time and improved specific tumor targeting. To achieve melanoma selectivity, direct membrane fusion between synthetic liposomes and CMs extracted from MM cell line was performed by microfluidic sonication approach, then the hybrid liposomes were loaded with cobimetinib (Cob) or lenvatinib (Lenva) targeting agents and challenged against MM cell lines and liver cancer cell line to evaluate homotypic targeting and antitumor efficacy. Characterization studies demonstrated the effective fusion of CM with liposome and the high encapsulation efficiency of both drugs, showing the proficiency of microfluidic-based production. By studying the targeting of melanoma cells by hybrid liposomes versus liposomes, we found that both NPs entered cells through endocytosis, whereas the former showed higher selectivity for MM cells from which CM was extracted, with 8-fold higher cellular uptake than liposomes. Hybrid liposome formulation of Cob and Lenva reduced melanoma cells viability to a greater extent than liposomes and free drug and, notably, showed negligible toxicity as demonstrated by bona fide haemolysis test. The CM-modified NPs presented here have the potential to broaden the choice of therapeutic options in MM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Simona Serratì
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Dafina Fondaj
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Traslational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), School of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thejer BM, Infantino V, Santarsiero A, Pappalardo I, Abatematteo FS, Teakel S, Van Oosterum A, Mach RH, Denora N, Lee BC, Resta N, Bagnulo R, Niso M, Contino M, Montsch B, Heffeter P, Abate C, Cahill MA. Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Binding Modulates Association between TSPO and TMEM97. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076381. [PMID: 37047353 PMCID: PMC10093951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) is a S2R ligand-binding site historically associated with reportedly 21.5 kDa proteins that have been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. The S2R is highly expressed in various tumors, where it correlates with the proliferative status of the malignant cells. Recently, S2R was reported to be the transmembrane protein TMEM97. Prior to that, we had been investigating the translocator protein (TSPO) as a potential 21.5 kDa S2R candidate protein with reported heme and sterol associations. Here, we investigate the contributions of TMEM97 and TSPO to S2R activity in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma and MIA PaCa-2 (MP) pancreatic carcinoma cells. Additionally, the role of the reported S2R-interacting partner PGRMC1 was also elucidated. Proximity ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation show a functional association between S2R and TSPO. Moreover, a close physical colocalization of TMEM97 and TSPO was found in MP cells. In MCF7 cells, co-immunoprecipitation only occurred with TMEM97 but not with PGRMC1, which was further confirmed by confocal microscopy experiments. Treatment with the TMEM97 ligand 20-(S)-hydroxycholesterol reduced co-immunoprecipitation of both TMEM97 and PGRMC1 in immune pellets of immunoprecipitated TSPO in MP cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first suggestion of a (functional) interaction between TSPO and TMEM97 that can be affected by S2R ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashar M. Thejer
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Research and Development Department, The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad 10065, Iraq
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pappalardo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca S. Abatematteo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Teakel
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Van Oosterum
- Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Florey Building, 54 Mills Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione e Rigenerativa e Area Jonica (DIMePRe-J), Università degli Studi di Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione e Rigenerativa e Area Jonica (DIMePRe-J), Università degli Studi di Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Abate
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael A. Cahill
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaurav M, Ruhi S, Al-Goshae HA, Jeppu AK, Ramachandran D, Sahu RK, Sarkar AK, Khan J, Ashif Ikbal AM. Dendrimer: An update on recent developments and future opportunities for the brain tumors diagnosis and treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159131. [PMID: 37006997 PMCID: PMC10060650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A brain tumor is an uncontrolled cell proliferation, a mass of tissue composed of cells that grow and divide abnormally and appear to be uncontrollable by the processes that normally control normal cells. Approximately 25,690 primary malignant brain tumors are discovered each year, 70% of which originate in glial cells. It has been observed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the distribution of drugs into the tumour environment, which complicates the oncological therapy of malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have found that nanocarriers have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases. This review, based on a non-systematic search of the existing literature, provides an update on the existing knowledge of the types of dendrimers, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of action in relation to brain tumours. It also discusses the use of dendrimers in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and the future possibilities of dendrimers. Dendrimers are of particular interest in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours because they can transport biochemical agents across the BBB to the tumour and into the brain after systemic administration. Dendrimers are being used to develop novel therapeutics such as prolonged release of drugs, immunotherapy, and antineoplastic effects. The use of PAMAM, PPI, PLL and surface engineered dendrimers has proven revolutionary in the effective diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KIET Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, India
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakina Ruhi
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Husni Ahmed Al-Goshae
- Department of Anantomy, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Jeppu
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dhani Ramachandran
- Department of Pathology, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ram Kumar Sahu,
| | | | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wongso H. Recent progress on the development of fluorescent probes targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114854. [PMID: 35963341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) was first identified in 1997, and has now become one of the appealing subcellular targets in medicinal chemistry and its related fields. TSPO involves in a variety of diseases, covering neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, cancers, and so on. To date, various high-affinity TSPO ligands labelled with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclides have been reported, with some third-generation radioligands advanced to clinical trials. On the other hand, only a few number of TSPO ligands have been labelled with fluorophores for disease diagnosis. It is noteworthy that the majority of the TSPO fluorescent probes synthesised to date are based on visible fluorophores, suggesting that their applications are limited to in vitro studies, such as in vitro imaging of cancer cells, post-mortem analysis, and tissue biopsies examinations. In this context, the potential application of TSPO ligands can be broadened for in vivo investigations of human diseases by labelling with near-infrared (NIR)-fluorophores or substituting visible fluorophores with NIR-fluorophores on the currently developed fluorescent probes. In this review article, recent progress on fluorescent probes targeting the TSPO are summarised, with an emphasis on development trend in recent years and application prospects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iacobazzi RM, Arduino I, Di Fonte R, Lopedota AA, Serratì S, Racaniello G, Bruno V, Laquintana V, Lee BC, Silvestris N, Leonetti F, Denora N, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. Microfluidic-Assisted Preparation of Targeted pH-Responsive Polymeric Micelles Improves Gemcitabine Effectiveness in PDAC: In Vitro Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010005. [PMID: 35008170 PMCID: PMC8750671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This research suggests a new potential therapeutic approach to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to improve drug effectiveness and overcome drug resistance. A double actively targeted gemcitabine delivery system, consisting of polymeric micelles, was developed by microfluidic technique to ensure a narrow size distribution, a good colloidal stability, and drug-encapsulation efficiency for the selective and controlled release of the loaded drug, in response to the pH variations and uPAR expression in tumors. In vitro studies assessed that the release of the drug in the acidic environment was higher than in the neutral one, and that the pH-responsive and uPAR-targeted polymeric micelles enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine in models resembling the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a great challenge to the successful delivery of the anticancer drugs. The intrinsic characteristics of the PDAC microenvironment and drugs resistance make it suitable for therapeutic approaches with stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs), such as pH, within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, the high expression of uPAR in PDAC can be exploited for a drug receptor-mediated active targeting strategy. Here, a pH-responsive and uPAR-targeted Gemcitabine (Gem) DDS, consisting of polymeric micelles (Gem@TpHResMic), was formulated by microfluidic technique to obtain a preparation characterized by a narrow size distribution, good colloidal stability, and high drug-encapsulation efficiency (EE%). The Gem@TpHResMic was able to perform a controlled Gem release in an acidic environment and to selectively target uPAR-expressing tumor cells. The Gem@TpHResMic displayed relevant cellular internalization and greater antitumor properties than free Gem in 2D and 3D models of pancreatic cancer, by generating massive damage to DNA, in terms of H2AX phosphorylation and apoptosis induction. Further investigation into the physiological model of PDAC, obtained by a co-culture of tumor spheroids and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), highlighted that the micellar system enhanced the antitumor potential of Gem, and was demonstrated to overcome the TME-dependent drug resistance. In vivo investigation is warranted to consider this new DDS as a new approach to overcome drug resistance in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Viviana Bruno
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0805442767 (N.D.); +39-0805555986 (L.P.)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0805442767 (N.D.); +39-0805555986 (L.P.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Y, Yang Q, Xia X, Li X, Ruan W, Zheng M, Zou Y, Shi B. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Mitochondria Targeting Mediated Robust Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755727. [PMID: 34692665 PMCID: PMC8526929 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all sorts of innovations in medical researches over the past decades, cancer remains a major threat to human health. Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunctions contribute to numerous diseases including cancers. Mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy, which specifically delivers drugs into the mitochondria, is a promising strategy for enhancing anticancer treatment efficiency. However, owing to their special double-layered membrane system and highly negative potentials, mitochondria remain a challenging target for therapeutic agents to reach and access. Polymeric nanoparticles exceed in cancer therapy ascribed to their unique features including ideal biocompatibility, readily design and synthesis, as well as flexible ligand decoration. Significant efforts have been put forward to develop mitochondria-targeted polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we focused on the smart design of polymeric nanosystems for mitochondria targeting and summarized the current applications in improving cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Argenziano M, Arpicco S, Brusa P, Cavalli R, Chirio D, Dosio F, Gallarate M, Peira E, Stella B, Ugazio E. Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101538. [PMID: 34683830 PMCID: PMC8540327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles to direct drugs towards different receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells or in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, the review discusses polymeric nanocarriers, liposomes, lipoplexes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoassemblies and nanobubbles. For each nanocarrier, the main ligands, conjugation strategies and target receptors are described. The literature indicates that polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes stand out as key tools for improving specific drug delivery to the site of action. In addition, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoparticles and nanobubbles have also been successfully proposed. Taken together, these strategies all offer many platforms for the design of nanocarriers that are suitable for future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Gallarate
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sommonte F, Arduino I, Racaniello GF, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. The Complexity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Concept of Age-Related Brain Targeting: Challenges and Potential of Novel Solid Lipid-Based Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:577-592. [PMID: 34469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) are one of the most exciting challenges of recent years, as they are ubiquitous and affect all ages. Although these disorders show different etiologies, all treatments share the same difficulty represented by the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). This barrier acts as a protective system of the delicate cerebral microenvironment, isolating it and making extremely arduous delivering drugs to the brain. To overtake the obstacles provided by the BBB it is essential to explore the changes that affect it, to understand how to exploit these findings in the study and design of innovative brain targeted formulations. Interestingly, the concept of age-related targeting could prove to be a winning choice, as it allows to consider the type of treatment according to the different needs and peculiarities depending on the disease and the age of onset. In this review was considered the prospective contribution of lipid-based formulations, namely Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), which have been highlighted as able to overcome some limitations of other innovative approaches, thus representing a promising strategy for the non-invasive specific treatment of CNS-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ailuno G, Iacobazzi RM, Lopalco A, Baldassari S, Arduino I, Azzariti A, Pastorino S, Caviglioli G, Denora N. The Pharmaceutical Technology Approach on Imaging Innovations from Italian Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1214. [PMID: 34452175 PMCID: PMC8402236 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many modern therapeutic approaches are based on precise diagnostic evidence, where imaging procedures play an essential role. To date, in the diagnostic field, a plethora of agents have been investigated to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of diagnosis. However, the most common drawbacks of conventional imaging agents reside in their non-specificity, short imaging time, instability, and toxicity. Moreover, routinely used diagnostic agents have low molecular weights and consequently a rapid clearance and renal excretion, and this represents a limitation if long-lasting imaging analyses are to be conducted. Thus, the development of new agents for in vivo diagnostics requires not only a deep knowledge of the physical principles of the imaging techniques and of the physiopathological aspects of the disease but also of the relative pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical requirements. In this scenario, skills in pharmaceutical technology have become highly indispensable in order to respond to these needs. This review specifically aims to collect examples of newly developed diagnostic agents connoting the importance of an appropriate formulation study for the realization of effective products. Within the context of pharmaceutical technology research in Italy, several groups have developed and patented promising agents for fluorescence and radioactive imaging, the most relevant of which are described hereafter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ailuno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, O. Flacco St., 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Sara Baldassari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, O. Flacco St., 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Pastorino
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, via Vittorio Veneto 197, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Caviglioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.L.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Giordani A, Menziani MC, Moresco RM, Matarrese M, Paolino M, Saletti M, Giuliani G, Anzini M, Cappelli A. Exploring Translocator Protein (TSPO) Medicinal Chemistry: An Approach for Targeting Radionuclides and Boron Atoms to Mitochondria. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9649-9676. [PMID: 34254805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Translocator protein 18 kDa [TSPO or peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)] was identified in the search of binding sites for benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs in peripheral regions. In these areas, binding sites for TSPO ligands were recognized in steroid-producing tissues. TSPO plays an important role in many cellular functions, and its coding sequence is highly conserved across species. TSPO is located predominantly on the membrane of mitochondria and is overexpressed in several solid cancers. TSPO basal expression in the CNS is low, but it becomes high in neurodegenerative conditions. Thus, TSPO constitutes not only as an outstanding drug target but also as a valuable marker for the diagnosis of a number of diseases. The aim of the present article is to show the lesson we have learned from our activity in TSPO medicinal chemistry and in approaching the targeted delivery to mitochondria by means of TSPO ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordani
- Rottapharm Biotech S.p.A., Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IBFM-CNR, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Matarrese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, IBFM-CNR, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang G, Zhao X, Wu H, Lovejoy DB, Zheng M, Lee A, Fu L, Miao K, An Y, Sayyadi N, Ding K, Chung RS, Lu Y, Li J, Morsch M, Shi B. A Robust Intrinsically Green Fluorescent Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer for Imaging and Traceable Central Nervous System Delivery in Zebrafish. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003654. [PMID: 32875740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically fluorescent poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (IF-PAMAM) are an emerging class of versatile nanoplatforms for in vitro tracking and bio-imaging. However, limited tissue penetration of their fluorescence and interference due to auto-fluorescence arising from biological tissues limit its application in vivo. Herein, a green IF-PAMAM (FGP) dendrimer is reported and its biocompatibility, circulation, biodistribution and potential role for traceable central nervous system (CNS)-targeted delivery in zebrafish is evaluated, exploring various routes of administration. Key features of FGP include visible light excitation (488 nm), high fluorescence signal intensity, superior photostability and low interference from tissue auto-fluorescence. After intravenous injection, FGP shows excellent imaging and tracking performance in zebrafish. Further conjugating FGP with transferrin (FGP-Tf) significantly increases its penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prolongs its circulation in the blood stream. When administering through local intratissue microinjection, including intracranial and intrathecal injection in zebrafish, both FGP and FGP-Tf exhibit excellent tissue diffusion and effective cellular uptake in the brain and spinal cord, respectively. This makes FGP/FGP-Tf attractive for in vivo tracing when transporting to the CNS is desired. The work addresses some of the major shortcomings in IF-PAMAM and provides a promising application of these probes in the development of drug delivery in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Huaihe Hosiptal, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Libing Fu
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Kaiting Miao
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yi An
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Nima Sayyadi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunjie Ding
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Henan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Michlewska S, Kubczak M, Maroto-Díaz M, Sanz Del Olmo N, Ortega P, Shcharbin D, Gomez Ramirez R, Javier de la Mata F, Ionov M, Bryszewska M. Synthesis and Characterization of FITC Labelled Ruthenium Dendrimer as a Prospective Anticancer Drug. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090411. [PMID: 31450702 PMCID: PMC6770823 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallodendrimers-dendrimers with included metals-are widely investigated as biocompatible equivalents to metal nanoparticles. Applications can be expected in the fields of catalysis, as chemical sensors in molecular recognition and as anticancer drugs. Metallodendrimers can also mimic certain biomolecules, for example, haemoprotein in the case of using a dendrimer with a porphyrin core. In previous papers, we showed the promising anticancer effects of carbosilane ruthenium dendrimers. The present paper is devoted to studying biocompatibility and the cytotoxic effect on normal and cancer cells of carbosilane ruthenium dendrimers labelled with fluorescent probe fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The addition of fluorescent probe allowed tracking the metallodendrimer in both normal and cancer cells. It was found that carbosilane ruthenium dendrimer labelled with FITC in concentration up to 10 µmol/L was more cytotoxic for cancer cells than for normal cells. Thus, FITC labelled carbosilane ruthenium dendrimer is a good candidate for diagnostic imaging and studying anticancer effects of metallodendrimers in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kubczak
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Maroto-Díaz
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellon´ 11, Planta, 028029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorganica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalia Sanz Del Olmo
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellon´ 11, Planta, 028029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorganica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellon´ 11, Planta, 028029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorganica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, Akademicheskaja 27, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Rafael Gomez Ramirez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellon´ 11, Planta, 028029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorganica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Colmenar Viejo Road, Km 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellon´ 11, Planta, 028029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorganica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Colmenar Viejo Road, Km 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Denora N, Lee C, Iacobazzi RM, Choi JY, Song IH, Yoo JS, Piao Y, Lopalco A, Leonetti F, Lee BC, Kim SE. TSPO-targeted NIR-fluorescent ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles for glioblastoma imaging. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 139:105047. [PMID: 31422171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is mainly located in outer membrane of mitochondria and results highly expressed in a variety of tumor including breast, colon, prostate, ovarian and brain (such as glioblastoma). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. Although GBM patients had currently available therapies, the median survival is <14 months. Complete surgical resection of GBM is critical to improve GBM treatment. In this study, we performed the one-step synthesis of water-dispersible ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) and combine them with an imidazopyridine based TSPO ligand and a fluorescent dye. The optical and structural characteristics of TSPO targeted-USPIONs were properly evaluated at each step of preparation demonstrating the high colloidal stability in physiological media and the ability to preserve the relevant optical properties in the NIR region. The cellular uptake in TSPO expressing cells was assessed by confocal microscopy. The TSPO selectivity was confirmed in vivo by competition studies with the TSPO ligand PK 11195. In vivo fluorescence imaging of U87-MG xenograft models were performed to highlight the great potential of the new NIR imaging nanosystem for diagnosis and successful delineation of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70125, Italy; Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, SS Bari, Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Chaedong Lee
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Sun Yoo
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yuanzhe Piao
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70125, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70125, Italy.
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Green Fluorescent Terbium (III) Complex Doped Silica Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133139. [PMID: 31252567 PMCID: PMC6651519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The low photostability of conventional organic dyes and the toxicity of cadmium-based luminescent quantum dots have prompted the development of novel probes for in vitro and in vivo labelling. Here, a new fluorescent lanthanide probe based on silica nanoparticles is fabricated and investigated for optically traceable in vitro translocator protein (TSPO) targeting. The targeting and detection of TSPO receptor, overexpressed in several pathological states, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, may provide valuable information for the early diagnosis and therapy of human disorders. Green fluorescent terbium(III)-calix[4]arene derivative complexes are encapsulated within silica nanoparticles and surface functionalized amine groups are conjugated with selective TSPO ligands based on a 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamide structure containing derivatizable carboxylic groups. The photophysical properties of the terbium complex, promising for biological labelling, are demonstrated to be successfully conveyed to the realized nanoarchitectures. In addition, the high degree of biocompatibility, assessed by cell viability assay and the selectivity towards TSPO mitochondrial membrane receptors, proven by subcellular fractional studies, highlight targeting potential of this nanostructure for in vitro labelling of mitochondria.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang G, Fu L, Walker A, Chen X, Lovejoy DB, Hao M, Lee A, Chung R, Rizos H, Irvine M, Zheng M, Liu X, Lu Y, Shi B. Label-Free Fluorescent Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer for Traceable and Controlled Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2148-2158. [PMID: 30995832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) is well-known for its high efficiency as a drug delivery vehicle. However, the intrinsic cytotoxicity and lack of a detectable signal to facilitate tracking have impeded its practical applications. Herein, we have developed a novel label-free fluorescent and biocompatible PAMAM derivative by simple surface modification of PAMAM using acetaldehyde. The modified PAMAM possessed a strong green fluorescence, which was generated by the C=N bonds of the resulting Schiff Bases via n-π* transition, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of PAMAM was simultaneously ameliorated. Through further PEGylation, the fluorescent PAMAM demonstrated excellent intracellular tracking in human melanoma SKMEL28 cells. In addition, our PEGylated fluorescent PAMAM derivative achieved enhanced loading and delivery efficiency of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) compared to the original PAMAM. Importantly, the accelerated kinetics of DOX-encapsulated fluorescent PAMAM nanocomposites in an acidic environment facilitated intracellular drug release, which demonstrated comparable cytotoxicity to that of the free-form doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) against melanoma cells. Overall, our label free fluorescent PAMAM derivative offers a new opportunity of traceable and controlled delivery for DOX and other drugs of potential clinical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Libing Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Adam Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute , The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering , The University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, Mayfield Road , Edinburgh EH93JL , United Kingdom
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | | | - Albert Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Mal Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | | | | | - Yiqing Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences & Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Denora N, Perrone M, Iacobazzi RM, Fanizza E, Lopedota A, Depalo N, de Candia M, Franco M, Laquintana V. Delivery of Proapoptotic Agents in Glioma Cell Lines by TSPO Ligand-Dextran Nanogels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041155. [PMID: 29641449 PMCID: PMC5979576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a versatile mitochondrial target for molecular imaging and therapy. Moreover, selective TSPO ligands have been widely investigated for diagnostic purposes and explored to target drug delivery systems directed to cancer cells overexpressing TSPO. Indeed, poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymers and nanocarriers decorated with TSPO ligands are capable of transporting TSPO ligands inside cancer cells, inducing survival inhibition in cancer cells and producing mitochondrial morphology modification. The aim of this work was to prepare nanogels (NGs) made with TSPO ligand dextran conjugates (TSPO-Dex) that are useful as potential delivery systems of two TSPO ligands as apoptotic agents. Synthesis and complete characterization of TSPO–dextran conjugates, an average molecular weights analysis, TSPO ligand release profiles, thermal behaviour and swelling studies were achieved. NG preparation, characterization and in vitro biological studies were also performed. The release of TSPO ligands released from dextran conjugates at 37 °C occurred in human serum at a faster rate than that detected in phosphate buffer. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that NGs produced from TSPO ligand–dextran conjugates induce survival inhibition in rat C6 glioma cell lines. Cellular uptake was also proven by fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, SS Bari, Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mara Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Istituto tumori IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Flacco, St. 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, SS Bari, Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, SS Bari, Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Denora N, Lopedota A, Franco M, Laquintana V. Transferrin Functionalized Liposomes Loading Dopamine HCl: Development and Permeability Studies across an In Vitro Model of Human Blood-Brain Barrier. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8030178. [PMID: 29558440 PMCID: PMC5869669 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transport of dopamine across the blood brain barrier represents a challenge for the management of Parkinson’s disease. The employment of central nervous system targeted ligands functionalized nanocarriers could be a valid tactic to overcome this obstacle and avoid undesirable side effects. In this work, transferrin functionalized dopamine-loaded liposomes were made by a modified dehydration–rehydration technique from hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcoline, cholesterol and 1,2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(poly(ethylene glycol)-2000)]. The physical features of the prepared liposomes were established with successive determination of their endothelial permeability across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier, constituted by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Functionalized dopamine-loaded liposomes with encapsulation efficiency more than 35% were made with sizes in a range around 180 nm, polydispersity indices of 0.2, and positive zeta potential values (+7.5 mV). Their stability and drug release kinetics were also evaluated. The apparent permeability (Pe) values of encapsulated dopamine in functionalized and unfunctionalized liposomes showed that transferrin functionalized nanocarriers could represent appealing non-toxic candidates for brain delivery, thus improving benefits and decreasing complications to patients subjected to L-dopa chronical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, SS Bari, 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona st, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mullis AS, Schlichtmann BW, Narasimhan B, Cademartiri R, Mallapragada SK. Ligand-cascading nano-delivery devices to enable multiscale targeting of anti-neurodegenerative therapeutics. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:034102. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang C, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Geng Y, Han C, Shi Y, Sun H, Zhang C, Chen Y, Zhang L, Guo Q, Yang L, Zhou X, Kong L. Glycyrrhetinic Acid Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Mitochondria Targeting and Cancer Treatment In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1703306. [PMID: 29205852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis (MMA) is a preferential option for cancer therapy due to the presence of cell-suicide factors in mitochondria, however, low permeability of mitochondria is a bottleneck for targeting drug delivery. In this paper, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a natural product from Glycyrrhiza glabra, is found to be a novel mitochondria targeting ligand, which can improve mitochondrial permeability and enhance the drug uptake of mitochondria. GA-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) is prepared and used as an effective carrier for targeted delivery of doxorubicin into mitochondria. The detailed in vitro and in vivo mechanism study shows that GA-functionalized GO causes a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and activates the MMA pathway. The GA-functionalized drug delivery system demonstrates highly improved apoptosis induction ability and anticancer efficacy compared to the non-GA-functionalized nanocarrier delivery system. The GA-functionalized nanocarrier also shows low toxicity, suggesting that it can be a useful tool for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yadi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yamin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano drug delivery systems. Of particular importance is the evaluation of several key factors to design nontoxic and effective nanoformulations. Among them, we focus on nanostructure materials and synthesis methods, mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, treatment of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nanostability. Emphasis is given to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used to assess and predict the toxicity of these new formulations. Additionally, some examples of in vitro and in vivo studies of specific nanoderivatives are also presented in this chapter.
Collapse
|
23
|
An Updated View of Translocator Protein (TSPO). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122640. [PMID: 29211020 PMCID: PMC5751243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of study on the role of mitochondria in living cells have evidenced the importance of the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO), first discovered in the 1977 as an alternative binding site for the benzodiazepine diazepam in the kidneys. This protein participates in a variety of cellular functions, including cholesterol transport, steroid hormone synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, permeability transition pore opening, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Thus, TSPO has become an extremely attractive subcellular target for the early detection of disease states that involve the overexpression of this protein and the selective mitochondrial drug delivery. This special issue was programmed with the aim of summarizing the latest findings about the role of TSPO in eukaryotic cells and as a potential subcellular target of diagnostics or therapeutics. A total of 9 papers have been accepted for publication in this issue, in particular, 2 reviews and 7 primary data manuscripts, overall describing the main advances in this field.
Collapse
|
24
|
Anwaier G, Chen C, Cao Y, Qi R. A review of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the potential application of dendrimer in imaging of plaque. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7681-7693. [PMID: 29089763 PMCID: PMC5656339 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that technological advancements have been made in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early detection of atherosclerosis (AS), especially vulnerable plaques, plays a crucial role in the prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Targeting the critical cytokines and molecules that are upregulated during the biological process of AS by in vivo molecular imaging has been widely used in plaque imaging. With their three-dimensional architecture, composition, and abundant terminal functional groups, dendrimers provide a platform for multitargeting and multimodal imaging. Thus, modified dendrimers with the key molecules upregulated in AS plaques will be an innovative attempt to achieve targeted imaging of AS plaques specifically and efficiently. This review was aimed to address some recent works on imaging of AS plaques using various types of image technology and further discuss the applications of dendrimers, an innovative yet seldom used method in imaging of AS plaques due to some limitations and challenges, and we highlight the bright future of the modified dendrimers in characterizing AS plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing.,School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Chen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing
| | - Yini Cao
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing.,School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iacobazzi RM, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Laquintana V, Lopedota A, Franco M, Denora N. Bridging Pharmaceutical Chemistry with Drug and Nanoparticle Targeting to Investigate the Role of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein TSPO. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1261-1274. [PMID: 28771957 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An interesting mitochondrial biomarker is the 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO). Decades of study have shown that this protein plays an important role in a wide range of cellular functions, including opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as programmed cell death and proliferation. Variations in TSPO expression have been correlated to different diseases, from tumors to endocrine and neurological disorders. TSPO has therefore become an appealing target for both early diagnosis and selective mitochondrial drug delivery. The number of structurally different TSPO ligands examined has increased over time, highlighting the scientific community's growing understanding of the roles of TSPO in normal and pathological conditions. However, only few TSPO ligands are characterized by the presence of groups that are potentially derivatizable; therefore only few such ligands are well suited for the preparation of targeted prodrugs or nanocarriers able to deliver therapeutics and/or diagnostic agents to mitochondria. This review provides an overview of the very few examples of drug delivery systems characterized by moieties that target TSPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iacobazzi RM, Porcelli L, Lopedota AA, Laquintana V, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Altamura E, Di Fonte R, Azzariti A, Franco M, Denora N. Targeting human liver cancer cells with lactobionic acid-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC sorafenib loaded dendrimers. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28624661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the synthesis and biological evaluation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) targeted fourth generation poliamidoamine dendrimer (G(4)-PAMAM) loaded with sorafenib. The ASGP-R targeted dendrimer was obtained by conjugation of Lactobionic acid (La) to the G(4)-PAMAM dendrimer, followed by acetylation (Ac) of the free amino groups in order to reduce the non-specific interactions with the cell membrane. Moreover, by additionally grafting fluorescein (FITC), it was easy to characterize the internalization pathway and the intracellular fate of the targeted dendrimer Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC. In vitro experiments performed on HepG-2 and HLE cell lines, allowed to study the ability of the dendrimers to affect the cell vitality. Confocal microscopy and cytofluorimetric analysis confirmed higher binding and uptake ability of the Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC dendrimer in well differentiated and ASGP-R expressing human liver cancer cell line HepG-2 compared non-expressing HLE cells. Ac-La-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC dendrimer loaded with sorafenib was stable and showed sustained sorafenib release. As evidenced by the cytotoxicity studies, sorafenib included in the dendrimer maintained its effectiveness, and was able to produce a longer lasting effect over the time compared to molar equivalent doses of free sorafenib. This new targeted dendrimer appears to be a suitable carrier for the delivery of sorafenib to liver cancer cells expressing ASGP-R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Emiliano Altamura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Increased Active Tumor Targeting by An αvβ3-Targeting and Cell-Penetrating Bifunctional Peptide-Mediated Dendrimer-Based Conjugate. Pharm Res 2016; 34:121-135. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
29
|
Franchini S, Manasieva LI, Sorbi C, Battisti UM, Fossa P, Cichero E, Denora N, Iacobazzi RM, Cilia A, Pirona L, Ronsisvalle S, Aricò G, Brasili L. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 1-oxa-4-thiaspiro- and 1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decane derivatives as potent and selective 5-HT 1A receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:435-452. [PMID: 27689727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 1-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ylmethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (1) was reported as a potent 5-HT1AR agonist with a moderate 5-HT1AR selectivity. In an extension of this work a series of derivatives of 1, obtained by combining different heterocyclic rings with a more flexible amine chain, was synthesized and tested for binding affinity and activity at 5-HT1AR and α1 adrenoceptors. The results led to the identification of 14 and 15 as novel 5-HT1AR partial agonists, the first being outstanding for selectivity (5-HT1A/α1d = 80), the latter for potency (pD2 = 9.58) and efficacy (Emax = 74%). Theoretical studies of ADME properties shows a good profile for the entire series and MDCKII-MDR1 cells permeability data predict a good BBB permeability of compound 15, which possess a promising neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, in mouse formalin test, compound 15 shows a potent antinociceptive activity suggesting a new strategy for pain control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Leda Ivanova Manasieva
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Sorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Umberto M Battisti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy; Istituto tumori IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Via Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilia
- Divisione Ricerca e Sviluppo, Recordati S.p.A., Via Civitali 1, 20148, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pirona
- Divisione Ricerca e Sviluppo, Recordati S.p.A., Via Civitali 1, 20148, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Aricò
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Livio Brasili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma X, Gong N, Zhong L, Sun J, Liang XJ. Future of nanotherapeutics: Targeting the cellular sub-organelles. Biomaterials 2016; 97:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Pisani L, Farina R, Catto M, Iacobazzi RM, Nicolotti O, Cellamare S, Mangiatordi GF, Denora N, Soto-Otero R, Siragusa L, Altomare CD, Carotti A. Exploring Basic Tail Modifications of Coumarin-Based Dual Acetylcholinesterase-Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors: Identification of Water-Soluble, Brain-Permeant Neuroprotective Multitarget Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6791-806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Farina
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ramon Soto-Otero
- Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco I, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lydia Siragusa
- Molecular Discovery Limited 215
Marsh Road, Pinner, Middlesex, London HA5 5NE, U.K
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of the First Oxaliplatin Pt(IV) Derivative Having a TSPO Ligand in the Axial Position. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071010. [PMID: 27347942 PMCID: PMC4964386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The first Pt(IV) derivative of oxaliplatin carrying a ligand for TSPO (the 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein) has been developed. The expression of the translocator protein in the brain and liver of healthy humans is usually low, oppositely to steroid-synthesizing and rapidly proliferating tissues, where TSPO is much more abundant. The novel Pt(IV) complex, cis,trans,cis-[Pt(ethanedioato)Cl{2-(2-(4-(6,8-dichloro-3-(2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetate)-ethanolato}(1R,2R-DACH)] (DACH = diaminocyclohexane), has been fully characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques and tested in vitro against human MCF7 breast carcinoma, U87 glioblastoma, and LoVo colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, affinity for TSPO (IC50 = 18.64 nM), cellular uptake (ca. 2 times greater than that of oxaliplatin in LoVo cancer cells, after 24 h treatment), and perturbation of cell cycle progression were investigated. Although the new compound was less active than oxaliplatin and did not exploit a synergistic proapoptotic effect due to the presence of the TSPO ligand, it appears to be promising in a receptor-mediated drug targeting context towards TSPO-overexpressing tumors, in particular colorectal cancer (IC50 = 2.31 μM after 72 h treatment).
Collapse
|
33
|
TSPO Ligand-Methotrexate Prodrug Conjugates: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060967. [PMID: 27322261 PMCID: PMC4926499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a potential mitochondrial target for drug delivery to tumors overexpressing TSPO, including brain cancers, and selective TSPO ligands have been successfully used to selectively deliver drugs into the target. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer drug of choice for the treatment of several cancers, but its permeability through the blood brain barrier (BBB) is poor, making it unsuitable for the treatment of brain tumors. Therefore, in this study, MTX was selected to achieve two TSPO ligand-MTX conjugates (TSPO ligand α-MTX and TSPO ligand γ-MTX), potentially useful for the treatment of TSPO-rich cancers, including brain tumors. In this work, we have presented the synthesis, the physicochemical characterizations, as well as the in vitro stabilities of the new TSPO ligand-MTX conjugates. The binding affinity for TSPO and the selectivity versus central-type benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) was also investigated. The cytotoxicity of prepared conjugates was evaluated on MTX-sensitive human and rat glioma cell lines overexpressing TSPO. The estimated coefficients of lipophilicity and the stability studies of the conjugates confirm that the synthesized molecules are stable enough in buffer solution at pH 7.4, as well in physiological medium, and show an increased lipophilicity compared to the MTX, compatible with a likely ability to cross the blood brain barrier. The latter feature of two TSPO ligand-MTX conjugates was also confirmed by in vitro permeability studies conducted on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene (MDCK-MDR1) monolayers. TSPO ligand-MTX conjugates have shown to possess a high binding affinity for TSPO, with IC50 values ranging from 7.2 to 40.3 nM, and exhibited marked toxicity against glioma cells overexpressing TSPO, in comparison with the parent drug MTX.
Collapse
|
34
|
Latronico T, Depalo N, Valente G, Fanizza E, Laquintana V, Denora N, Fasano A, Striccoli M, Colella M, Agostiano A, Curri ML, Liuzzi GM. Cytotoxicity Study on Luminescent Nanocrystals Containing Phospholipid Micelles in Primary Cultures of Rat Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153451. [PMID: 27097043 PMCID: PMC4838222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a new tool in neuroscience field, representing superior optical probes for cellular imaging and medical diagnosis of neurological disorders with respect to organic fluorophores. However, only a limited number of studies have, so far, explored NC applications in primary neurons, glia and related cells. Indeed astrocytes, as resident cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play an important pathogenic role in several neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, therefore enhanced imaging tools for their thorough investigation are strongly amenable. Here, a comprehensive and systematic study on the in vitro toxicological effect of core-shell type luminescent CdSe@ZnS NCs incorporated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) terminated phospholipid micelles on primary cultures of rat astrocytes was carried out. Cytotoxicity response of empty micelles based on PEG modified phospholipids was compared to that of their NC containing counterpart, in order to investigate the effect on cell viability of both inorganic NCs and micelles protecting NC surface. Furthermore, since the surface charge and chemistry influence cell interaction and toxicity, effect of two different functional groups terminating PEG-modified phospholipid micelles, namely amine and carboxyl group, respectively, was evaluated against bare micelles, showing that carboxyl group was less toxic. The ability of PEG-lipid micelles to be internalized into the cells was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by fluorescence microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) assay. The results of the experiments clearly demonstrate that, once incorporated into the micelles, a low, not toxic, concentration of NCs is sufficient to be distinctly detected within cells. The overall study provides essential indications to define the optimal experimental conditions to effectively and profitably use the proposed luminescent colloidal NCs as optical probe for future in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Latronico
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Bari, Italy c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Valente
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Bari, Italy c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Fasano
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Bari, Italy c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matilde Colella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Bari, Italy c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M. Lucia Curri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Bari, Italy c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fanizza E, Urso C, Iacobazzi RM, Depalo N, Corricelli M, Panniello A, Agostiano A, Denora N, Laquintana V, Striccoli M, Curri ML. Fabrication of photoactive heterostructures based on quantum dots decorated with Au nanoparticles. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:98-108. [PMID: 27877861 PMCID: PMC5101891 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1153939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silica based multifunctional heterostructures, exhibiting near infrared (NIR) absorption (650-1200 nm) and luminescence in the visible region, represent innovative nanosystems useful for diagnostic or theranostic applications. Herein, colloidal synthetic procedures are applied to design a photoactive multifunctional nanosystem. Luminescent silica (SiO2) coated quantum dots (QDs) have been used as versatile nanoplatforms to assemble on their surface gold (Au) seeds, further grown into Au spackled structures. The synthesized nanostructures combine the QD emission in the visible region, and, concomitantly, the distinctive NIR absorption of Au nanodomains. The possibility of having multiple QDs in a single heterostructure, the SiO2 shell thickness, and the extent of Au deposition onto SiO2 surface have been carefully controlled. The work shows that a single QD entrapped in 16 nm thick SiO2 shell, coated with Au speckles, represents the most suitable geometry to preserve the QD emission in the visible region and to generate NIR absorption from metal NPs. The resulting architectures present a biomedical potential as an effective optical multimodal probes and as promising therapeutic agents due to the Au NP mediated photothermal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Fanizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Urso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - R. Maria Iacobazzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
- Istituto tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Corricelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| | - M. Lucia Curri
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici IPCF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via Orabona 4, 70126Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dwivedi N, Shah J, Mishra V, Mohd Amin MCI, Iyer AK, Tekade RK, Kesharwani P. Dendrimer-mediated approaches for the treatment of brain tumor. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:557-80. [PMID: 26928261 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1133155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the cancer appeared as one of the most leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among the various cancer types, brain tumors are most life threatening with low survival rate. Every year approximately 238,000 new cases of brain and other central nervous system tumors are diagnosed. The dendrimeric approaches have a huge potential for diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor with targeting abilities of molecular cargoes to the tumor sites and the efficiency of crossing the blood brain barrier and penetration to brain after systemic administration. The various generations of dendrimers have been designed as novel targeted drug delivery tools for new therapies including sustained drug release, gene therapy, and antiangiogenic activities. At present era, various types of dendrimers like PAMAM, PPI, and PLL dendrimers validated them as milestones for the treatment and diagnosis of brain tumor as well as other cancers. This review highlights the recent research, opportunities, advantages, and challenges involved in development of novel dendrimeric complex for the therapy of brain tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Dwivedi
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Jigna Shah
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- b Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory , Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sagar , India
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Delivery Research , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Arun K Iyer
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , School of Pharmacy , The International Medical University , Jalan Jalil Perkasa, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fanizza E, Iacobazzi RM, Laquintana V, Valente G, Caliandro G, Striccoli M, Agostiano A, Cutrignelli A, Lopedota A, Curri ML, Franco M, Depalo N, Denora N. Highly selective luminescent nanostructures for mitochondrial imaging and targeting. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3350-3361. [PMID: 26763470 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here a luminescent hybrid nanostructure based on functionalized quantum dots (QDs) is used as a fluorescent imaging agent able to target selectively mitochondria thanks to the molecular recognition of the translocator protein (TSPO). The selective targeting of such an 18 kDa protein mainly located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and overexpressed in several pathological states including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers may provide valuable information for the early diagnosis and therapy of human disorders. In particular, the rational design of amino functionalized luminescent silica coated QD nanoparticles (QD@SiO2 NPs) provides a versatile nanoplatform to anchor a potent and selective TSPO ligand, characterized by a 2-phenyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamide structure along with a derivatizable carboxylic end group, useful to conjugate the TSPO ligand and achieve TSPO-QD@SiO2 NPs by means of a covalent amide bond. The colloidal stability and optical properties of the proposed nanomaterials are comprehensively investigated and their potential as mitochondrial imaging agents is fully assessed. Sub-cellular fractionation, together with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and co-localization analysis of targeted TSPO-QD@SiO2 NPs in C6 glioma cells overexpressing the TSPO, proves the great potential of these multifunctional nanosystems as in vitro selective mitochondrial imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fanizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
A Novel PET Imaging Probe for the Detection and Monitoring of Translocator Protein 18 kDa Expression in Pathological Disorders. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20422. [PMID: 26853260 PMCID: PMC4745082 DOI: 10.1038/srep20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorine-substituted ligand, compound 1 (CB251), with a very high affinity (Ki = 0.27 ± 0.09 nM) and selectivity for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), is presented as an attractive biomarker for the diagnosis of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and tumour progression. To test compound 1 as a TSPO PET imaging agent in vivo, 2-(2-(4-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-6,8-dichloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide ([18F]1; [18F]CB251) was synthesized by nucleophilic aliphatic substitution in a single-step radiolabelling procedure with a 11.1 ± 3.5% (n = 14, decay corrected) radiochemical yield and over 99% radiochemical purity. In animal PET imaging studies, [18F]CB251 provided a clearly visible image of the inflammatory lesion with the binding potential of the specifically bound radioligand relative to the non-displaceable radioligand in tissue (BPND 1.83 ± 0.18), in a neuroinflammation rat model based on the unilateral stereotaxic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), comparable to that of [11C]PBR28 (BPND 1.55 ± 0.41). [18F]CB251 showed moderate tumour uptake (1.96 ± 0.11%ID/g at 1 h post injection) in human glioblastoma U87-MG xenografts. These results suggest that [18F]CB251 is a promising TSPO PET imaging agent for neuroinflammation and TSPO-rich cancers.
Collapse
|
39
|
Khosroshahi ME, Rezvani HA, Keshvari H, Bonakdar S, Tajabadi M. Evaluation of cell viability and T2 relaxivity of fluorescein conjugated SPION-PAMAM third generation nanodendrimers for bioimaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:544-52. [PMID: 26952457 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study has investigated the possibility of using fluorescent dendronized magnetic nanoparticles (FDMNPs) for potential applications in drug delivery and imaging. FDMNPs were first synthesized, characterized and then the effect of Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer functionalization and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugation on biocompatibility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was evaluated. The nanostructures' cytotoxicity tests were performed at different concentrations from 10 to 500 μg/mL using MCF-7 and L929 cell lines. IC50 in MTT assay were 139.22 and 201.88 μg/mL for DMNP incubated L929 and MCF-7 cell lines respectively, whereas the cell viability for FDMNPs did not decrease to 50%. The results showed that FITC conjugation diminishes the toxicity of dendronized magnetic nanoparticles (DMNPs) mainly due to the reduction of surface charge. DMNP appears to be cytotoxic at the concentration levels being used for both cell lines. On the contrary, FDMNPs showed more biocompatibility and cell viability of MCF-7 and L929 cell lines at all concentrations. The fluorescence microscopy of FDMNPs incubated with MCF-7 cells showed a successful localization of cells indicating their ability for applications such as a magnetic fluorescent probe in cell studies and imaging purposes. T2 relaxivity measurements demonstrated the applicability of the synthesized nanostructures as the contrast agents in tissue differential assessment by altering their relaxation times. In our case, the r2 relaxivity of FDMNPs was measured as 103.67 mM(-1)S(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Khosroshahi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterial group, Laser & nanobiophotonics Lab. Tehran, Iran; University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Hamideh Alanagh Rezvani
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterial group, Laser & nanobiophotonics Lab. Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Keshvari
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterial group, Laser & nanobiophotonics Lab. Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Tajabadi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterial group, Laser & nanobiophotonics Lab. Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Margiotta N, Denora N, Piccinonna S, Laquintana V, Lasorsa FM, Franco M, Natile G. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of new coordination complexes of platinum(II) and rhenium(I) with a ligand targeting the translocator protein (TSPO). Dalton Trans 2015; 43:16252-64. [PMID: 25069996 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is overexpressed in many types of cancers and is also abundant in activated microglial cells occurring in inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. The TSPO-selective ligand 2-(8-(2-(bis-(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)amino)acetamido)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide (CB256), which fulfills the requirements of a bifunctional chelate approach, has been used to synthesize coordination complexes containing either Pt (1) or Re (3), or both metal ions (2). The new metal complexes showed a cellular uptake markedly greater than that of the precursor metallic compounds and were also able to induce apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. The good cytotoxicity of the free ligand CB256 towards C6, A2780, and A2780cisR tumor cell lines was attenuated after coordination of the dipicolylamine moiety to Pt while coordination of the imidazopyridine residue to Re reduces the affinity towards TSPO. The results of the present investigation are essential for the design of new imidazopyridine bifunctional chelate ligands targeted to TSPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Margiotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
2-Phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-containing ligands of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) behave as agonists and antagonists of steroidogenesis in a mouse leydig tumor cell line. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:231-7. [PMID: 26002041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligands of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) are known for their ability to potently and dose-dependently stimulate steroid biosynthesis in steroidogenic cells. In this study, we investigated a number of 2-phenyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamide derivatives, analogs of alpidem, for their ability to bind TSPO and to affect steroidogenesis in a mouse Leydig tumor cell line. We observed that not only some compounds behaved as agonists, stimulating steroidogenesis (e.g., 3 and 4) with EC50 values (15.9 and 6.99μM) close to that determined for FGIN-1-27 used as positive control (7.24μM), but two compounds, namely 5 and 6, which on the other hand are the most lipophilic ones in the investigated series, behaved as antagonists, by significantly inhibiting steroid production at concentrations at least twenty times lower than the cytotoxic ones. To our surprise, the newly synthesized compound 3, which is a strict analog of alpidem bearing at the para position of the 2-phenyl group a methoxy group instead of chlorine, achieved a ten-fold stimulation of the steroid production (for comparison FGIN-1-27 achieved 1.6-fold stimulation). Within the limits of the examined property space, some unprecedented SARs were unveiled, which can help in understanding the key molecular factors underlying the transition from agonism to antagonism in the steroidogenesis process. Besides the substitution pattern and the physicochemical features (mainly hydrogen bonding potential) of the substituents at the positions C(6) and C(8) of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine nucleus, and at the para position of the 2-phenyl group, the structure-activity relationship analysis suggested lipophilicity, whose increase seems to be generally related to steroidogenesis inhibition, and steric hindrance, which appeared as a stimulation-limiting factor, as two main properties to control in the design or optimization of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based TSPO ligands endowed with potential in modulating the steroidogenesis process.
Collapse
|
42
|
Does hydrogen bonding contribute to lipoperoxidation-dependent membrane fluidity variation? An EPR-spin labeling study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2040-9. [PMID: 25983307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at making clear the relationship between oxidative stress of the phospholipid bilayer and membrane fluidity. Di-(hydroperoxylinoleoyl)-phosphatidylcholine (diHpLPC) was used as a highly hydroperoxidized and unsaturated phospholipid species in order to investigate the issue. Hydrophylic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS) and NMR spectroscopy were employed to define the structure of the peroxidized phospholipid as 1-(9-hydroperoxy-10c,12t)octadecadienoyl-2-(9t,11c-13-hydroperoxy)octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. This phospholipid's ability to form vesicular structures was confirmed by Sepharose 4B gel filtration and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) of its aqueous suspensions. Fatty acid misalignment and fluidity gradient were studied in the bilayer of both supported planar bilayers (SPB) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) made of different DLPC/diHpLPC mixtures by means of spin labelling-EPR spectroscopy of either n-DSPC or 3-doxylcholestane spin labels embedded in the membranes. It was found that diHpLPC increases both fatty acid misalignment and rigidification with increasing molar ratio in spite of increasing unsaturation of the fatty acid core. Basing on our observations, the observed ability of pure diHpLPC to form rigid and disordered SPB and MLV bilayers is proposed to be dependent on the cross bridging of oxidized linoleoyl chains by mutual hydrogen bonding of hydroperoxyl groups. However, the contribution to the observed overall rigidification of the model membranes by trans double bonds in the peroxidized chains should not be neglected, as a second membrane fluidity effector also arising from lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sardo C, Farra R, Licciardi M, Dapas B, Scialabba C, Giammona G, Grassi M, Grassi G, Cavallaro G. Development of a simple, biocompatible and cost-effective Inulin-Diethylenetriamine based siRNA delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:60-71. [PMID: 25845631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have the potential to be of therapeutic value for many human diseases. So far, however, a serious obstacle to their therapeutic use is represented by the absence of appropriate delivery systems able to protect them from degradation and to allow an efficient cellular uptake. In this work we developed a siRNA delivery system based on inulin (Inu), an abundant and natural polysaccharide. Inu was functionalized via the conjugation with diethylenetriamine (DETA) residues to form the complex Inu-DETA. We studied the size, surface charge and the shape of the Inu-DETA/siRNA complexes; additionally, the cytotoxicity, the silencing efficacy and the cell uptake-mechanisms were studied in the human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and in the hepatocellular carcinoma derived cells (JHH6). The results presented here indicate that Inu-DETA copolymers can effectively bind siRNAs, are highly cytocompatible and, in JHH6, can effectively deliver functional siRNAs. Optimal delivery is observed using a weight ratio Inu-DETA/siRNA of 4 that corresponds to polyplexes with an average size of 600nm and a slightly negative surface charge. Moreover, the uptake and trafficking mechanisms, mainly based on micropinocytosis and clatrin mediated endocytosis, allow the homogeneous diffusion of siRNA within the cytoplasm of JHH6. Notably, in 16 HBE where the trafficking mechanism (caveolae mediated endocytosis) does not allow an even distribution of siRNA within the cell cytoplasm, no significant siRNA activity is observed. In conclusion, we developed a novel inulin-based siRNA delivery system able to efficiently release siRNA in JHH6 with negligible cytotoxicity thus opening the way for further testing in more complex in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - B Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, University Hospital of Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Scialabba
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University Hospital of Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - G Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lopalco A, Ali H, Denora N, Rytting E. Oxcarbazepine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: development and permeability studies across in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier and human placental trophoblast. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1985-96. [PMID: 25792832 PMCID: PMC4362902 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) into nanoparticles may offer promise for treating pregnant women with epilepsy by improving brain delivery and limiting the transplacental permeability of AEDs to avoid fetal exposure and its consequent undesirable adverse effects. Oxcarbazepine-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by a modified solvent displacement method from biocompatible polymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] with or without surfactant and PEGylated PLGA [Resomer® RGPd5055]). The physical properties of the developed nanoparticles were determined with subsequent evaluation of their permeability across in vitro models of the blood–brain barrier (hCMEC/D3 cells) and human placental trophoblast cells (BeWo b30 cells). Oxcarbazepine-loaded nanoparticles with encapsulation efficiency above 69% were prepared with sizes ranging from 140–170 nm, polydispersity indices below 0.3, and zeta potential values below -34 mV. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the amorphous state of the nanoencapsulated drug. The apparent permeability (Pe) values of the free and nanoencapsulated oxcarbazepine were comparable across both cell types, likely due to rapid drug release kinetics. Transport studies using fluorescently-labeled nanoparticles (loaded with coumarin-6) demonstrated increased permeability of surfactant-coated nanoparticles. Future developments in enzyme-prodrug therapy and targeted delivery are expected to provide improved options for pregnant patients with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Obstretrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA ; Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Hazem Ali
- Department of Obstretrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Obstretrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cutrignelli A, Lopedota A, Denora N, Iacobazzi RM, Fanizza E, Laquintana V, Perrone M, Maggi V, Franco M. A New Complex of Curcumin with Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin: Characterization Studies and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity on HepG-2 Cells. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3932-3940. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
46
|
Denora N, Margiotta N, Laquintana V, Lopedota A, Cutrignelli A, Losacco M, Franco M, Natile G. Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Evaluation of a New TSPO-Selective Bifunctional Chelate Ligand. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:685-9. [PMID: 24944744 DOI: 10.1021/ml5000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is overexpressed in many types of cancers and is also abundant in activated microglial cells occurring in inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, TSPO has become an extremely attractive subcellular target not only for imaging disease states overexpressing this protein, but also for a selective mitochondrial drug delivery. In this work we report the synthesis, the characterization, and the in vitro evaluation of a new TSPO-selective ligand, 2-(8-(2-(bis(pyridin-2-yl)methyl)amino)acetamido)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide (CB256), which fulfils the requirements for a bifunctional chelate approach. The goal was to provide a new TSPO ligand that could be used further to prepare coordination complexes of a metallo drug to be used in diagnosis and therapy. However, the ligand itself proved to be a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor and DNA double-strand breaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Losacco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Laquintana V, Denora N, Lopalco A, Lopedota A, Cutrignelli A, Lasorsa FM, Agostino G, Franco M. Translocator Protein Ligand–PLGA Conjugated Nanoparticles for 5-Fluorouracil Delivery to Glioma Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:859-71. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400536z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Agostino
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peng J, Qi X, Chen Y, Ma N, Zhang Z, Xing J, Zhu X, Li Z, Wu Z. Octreotide-conjugated PAMAM for targeted delivery to somatostatin receptors over-expressed tumor cells. J Drug Target 2014; 22:428-38. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.879386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|