1
|
Milster S, Darwish A, Göth N, Dzubiella J. Synergistic chemomechanical dynamics of feedback-controlled microreactors. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:L042601. [PMID: 37978612 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.l042601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The experimental control of synergistic chemomechanical dynamics of catalytically active microgels (microreactors) is a key prerequisite for the design of adaptive and biomimetic materials. Here, we report a minimalistic model of feedback-controlled microreactors based on the coupling between the hysteretic polymer volume phase transition and a volume-controlled permeability for the internal chemical conversion. We categorize regimes of mono- and bistability, excitability, damped oscillations, as well as sustained oscillatory states with tunable amplitude, as indicated by experiments and representable by the FitzHugh-Nagumo dynamics for neurons. We summarize the features of such a "colloidal neuron" in bifurcation diagrams with respect to microgel design parameters, such as permeability and relaxation times, as a guide for experimental synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Milster
- Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abeer Darwish
- Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Göth
- Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Lu F, Liu Y. A Review of the Mechanism, Properties, and Applications of Hydrogels Prepared by Enzymatic Cross-linking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37390351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as biological materials, are widely used in food, tissue engineering, and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, many issues remain in the preparation of hydrogels by physical and chemical methods, such as low bioaffinity, weak mechanical properties, and unstable structures, which also limit their applications in other fields. However, the enzymatic cross-linking method has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and the presence of nontoxic substances. In this review, we evaluated the chemical, physical, and biological methods of preparing hydrogels and introduced three common cross-linking enzymes and their principles for preparing hydrogels. This review introduced the applications and properties of hydrogels prepared by the enzymatic method and also provided some suggestions regarding the current situation and future development of hydrogels prepared by enzymatic cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bell DJ, Felder D, von Westarp WG, Wessling M. Towards synergistic oscillations in enzymatically active hydrogel spheres. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:592-599. [PMID: 33201965 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are capable of reacting to an external trigger. We report self-regulated, enzymatically active, and pH-responsive hydrogels that show dynamic behavior without an external trigger. This is enabled by a feedback loop between the enzymatic conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and the pH-induced volume phase transition that leads to a modulation in glucose permeability. The synthesized hydrogel spheres combine all required properties for sustained oscillation including enzymatic activity, switchable reactivity, hysteresis in volume phase transition and feedback between the reaction and permeation. A simple model of the system identified possible operating points where sustained oscillations are possible. Experiments at these operating points revealed that the system is able to perform a self-regulated oscillation cycle under a constant nutrient supply. A sensitivity analysis showed that the system is especially sensitive around the point of oscillation, so that precise control of the process parameters is essential to achieve sustained oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Josef Bell
- Chemical Process Engineering RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Felder
- DWI Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and DWI Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The role of enzyme adsorption in the enzymatic degradation of an aliphatic polyester. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 120:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Anna I, Katarina N. Pulsatile release from a flat self-oscillating chitosan macrogel. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5003-5010. [PMID: 32255072 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00781k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Coupling oscillatory chemical reactions to smart materials which can respond to external stimuli is considered an answer to the long-standing issue of pulsatile drug delivery. Although a number of coupled architectures exist, there are no systems reporting pH-controlled pulsed drug release based on chemical oscillators. In this paper, we report for the first time a proof-of-concept self-oscillatory chitosan macrogel, employing the palladium-catalysed oxidative carbonylation reaction as the driving force of its oscillations. The reported hydrogel is composed of highly biocompatible components and a novel imine-functionalised chitosan-palladium catalyst with zero leaching rates. This macrogel was shown to rhythmically release not only the products of the reaction, but also fluorescein, which is used as an FDA-approved model drug. The step-wise release pattern corresponded to the step-wise dynamics of pH decrease in methanol:water, while in pure methanol, the changes in pH had an oscillatory mode, accompanied by mirrored oscillations in fluorescein concentration. This proof-of-concept system significantly expands the horizons of pulsatile delivery materials for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isakova Anna
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zarket BC, Raghavan SR. Onion-like multilayered polymer capsules synthesized by a bioinspired inside-out technique. Nat Commun 2017; 8:193. [PMID: 28779112 PMCID: PMC5544678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse structures in nature, such as the spinal disc and the onion have many concentric layers, and are created starting from the core and proceeding outwards. Here, we demonstrate an inside-out technique for creating multilayered polymer capsules. First, an initiator-loaded gel core is placed in a solution of monomer 1. The initiator diffuses outward and induces polymerization, leading to a shell of polymer 1. Thereafter, the core-shell structure is loaded with fresh initiator and placed in monomer 2, which causes a concentric shell of polymer 2 to form around the first shell. This process can be repeated to form multiple layers, each of a distinct polymer, and of controlled layer thickness. We show that these multilayered capsules can exhibit remarkable mechanical resilience as well as stimuli-responsive properties. The release of solutes from these capsules can be tailored to follow specific profiles depending on the chemistry and order of adjacent layers.Multiple concentric layers are present in a variety of structures present in nature, including the onion. Here, the authors show an inside-out strategy to synthesize multilayered polymer capsules, with different layers having specific composition and thereby specific responses to stimuli such as pH and temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady C Zarket
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Horváth J. Chemomechanical oscillations with a non-redox non-oscillatory reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4973-4976. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodic length changes, over 20%, were sustained in a pH-responsive gel by associating the methylene glycol–sulphite OH-producing clock-reaction with variations of the exchange time induced between the core of the gel and a steady chemical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Horváth
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University
- H-1518 Budapest 112
- Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nishii Y, Gandhi S, Nuxoll E. Glucose-powered pulsatile release. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Gandhi S, Nuxoll E. Non-delaminating pulsatile release composites. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Horváth J. Synergistic Chemomechanical Oscillators: Periodic Gel Actuators without Oscillatory Chemical Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Horváth
- Institute of Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112 Budapest Hungary
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal; CNRS; 115 avenue Albert Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Horváth J. Peristaltic waves in a responsive gel sustained by a halogen-free non-oscillatory chemical reaction. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Ueki T, Onoda M, Tamate R, Shibayama M, Yoshida R. Self-oscillating AB diblock copolymer developed by post modification strategy. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:064605. [PMID: 26117130 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We prepared AB diblock copolymer composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) segment and self-oscillating polymer segment. In the latter segment, ruthenium tris(2,2'-bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)3), a catalyst of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, is introduced into the polymer architecture based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The Ru(bpy)3 was introduced into the polymer segment by two methods; (i) direct random copolymerization (DP) of NIPAAm and Ru(bpy)3 vinyl monomer and (ii) post modification (PM) of Ru(bpy)3 with random copolymer of NIPAAm and N-3-aminopropylmethacrylamide. For both the diblock copolymers, a bistable temperature region (the temperature range; ΔTm), where the block copolymer self-assembles into micelle at reduced Ru(bpy)3(2+) state whereas it breaks-up into individual polymer chain at oxidized Ru(bpy)3(3+) state, monotonically extends as the composition of the Ru(bpy)3 increases. The ΔTm of the block copolymer prepared by PM is larger than that by DP. The difference in ΔTm is rationalized from the statistical analysis of the arrangement of the Ru(bpy)3 moiety along the self-oscillating segments. By using the PM method, the well-defined AB diblock copolymer having ΔTm (ca. 25 °C) large enough to cause stable self-oscillation can be prepared. The periodic structural transition of the diblock copolymer in a dilute solution ([Polymer] = 0.1 wt. %) is closely investigated in terms of the time-resolved dynamic light scattering technique at constant temperature in the bistable region. A macroscopic viscosity oscillation of a concentrated polymer solution (15 wt. %) coupled with the periodic microphase separation is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueki
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michika Onoda
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryota Tamate
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The hydrogen ion is arguably the most ubiquitous and important species in chemistry. It also plays a key role in nearly every biological process. In this Account, we discuss systems whose behavior is governed by oscillations in the concentration of hydrogen ion. The first chemical oscillators driven by changes in pH were developed a quarter century ago. Since then, about two dozen new pH oscillators, systems in which the periodic variation in pH is not just an indicator but an essential prerequisite of the oscillatory behavior, have been discovered. Mechanistic understanding of their behavior has grown, and new ideas for their practical application have been proposed and, in some cases, tested. Here we present a catalog of the known pH oscillators, divide them into mechanistically based categories based on whether they involve a single oxidant and reductant or an oxidant and a pair of reductants, and describe general mechanisms for these two major classes of systems. We also describe in detail the chemistry of one example from each class, hydrogen peroxide-sulfide and ferricyanide-iodate-sulfite. Finally, we consider actual and potential applications. These include using pH oscillators to induce oscillation in species that would otherwise be nonoscillatory, creating novel spatial patterns, generating periodic transitions between vesicle and micelle states, stimulating switching between folded and random coil states of DNA, building molecular motors, and designing pulsating drug delivery systems. We point out the importance for future applications of finding a batch pH oscillator, one that oscillates in a closed system for an extended period of time, and comment on the progress that has been made toward that goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Orbán
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, L. Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kurin-Csörgei
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, L. Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS
015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park K. Rhythmomimetic drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 196:394. [PMID: 25499626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|