1
|
Xu Z, Tao W, Qian J, Zhao H, Peng Y, Sun T, Gao G, Ling C, Li P, Chen J, Ling Y. Dual Tumor-Selective β-Carboline-Based Fluorescent Probe for High-Contrast/Rapid Diagnosis of Clinical Tumor Tissues. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:152-163. [PMID: 38113058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Given that precise/rapid intraoperative tumor margin identification is still challenging, novel fluorescent probes HY and HYM, based on acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) activation and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATPs)-mediated selective uptake, were constructed and synthesized. Both of them possessed acidic pH-activatable and reversible fluorescence as well as large Stokes shift. Compared with HY, HYM had a higher (over 9-fold) enhancement in fluorescence with pH ranging from 7.6 to 4.0, and the fluorescence quantum yield of HYM (ΦF = 0.49) at pH = 4.0 was 8-fold stronger than that (ΦF = 0.06) at pH = 7.4. Mechanism research demonstrated that acidic TME-induced protonation of the pyridine N atom on β-carbolines accounted for the pH-sensitive fluorescence by influencing the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. Furthermore, HYM selectively lit up cancer cells and tumor tissues not only by "off-on" fluorescence but also by OATPs (overexpressed on cancer cells)-mediated cancer cellular internalization, offering dual tumor selectivity for precise visualization of tumor mass and intraoperative guidance upon in situ spraying. Most importantly, HYM enabled rapid and high-contrast (tumor-to-normal tissue ratios > 6) human tumor margin identification in clinical tumor tissues by simple spraying within 6 min, being promising for aiding in clinical surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Tao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|