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Chaudhary PP, Kaur M, Myles IA. Does "all disease begin in the gut"? The gut-organ cross talk in the microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:339. [PMID: 38771520 PMCID: PMC11108886 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms within the body, plays pivotal roles in health and disease. This review explores site-specific microbiomes, their role in maintaining health, and strategies for their upkeep, focusing on oral, lung, vaginal, skin, and gut microbiota, and their systemic connections. Understanding the intricate relationships between these microbial communities is crucial for unraveling mechanisms underlying human health. Recent research highlights bidirectional communication between the gut and distant microbiome sites, influencing immune function, metabolism, and disease susceptibility. Alterations in one microbiome can impact others, emphasizing their interconnectedness and collective influence on human physiology. The therapeutic potential of gut microbiota in modulating distant microbiomes offers promising avenues for interventions targeting various disorders. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and technological advancements, we can harness the power of the microbiome to revolutionize healthcare, emphasizing microbiome-centric approaches to promote holistic well-being while identifying areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prashant Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mahaldeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ian A Myles
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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2
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Kyser AJ, Fotouh B, Mahmoud MY, Frieboes HB. Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease. J Control Release 2024; 366:349-365. [PMID: 38182058 PMCID: PMC10923108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Modern drug delivery to tackle infectious disease has drawn close to personalizing medicine for specific patient populations. Challenges include antibiotic-resistant infections, healthcare associated infections, and customizing treatments for local patient populations. Recently, 3D-printing has become a facilitator for the development of personalized pharmaceutic drug delivery systems. With a variety of manufacturing techniques, 3D-printing offers advantages in drug delivery development for controlled, fine-tuned release and platforms for different routes of administration. This review summarizes 3D-printing techniques in pharmaceutics and drug delivery focusing on treating infectious diseases, and discusses the influence of 3D-printing design considerations on drug delivery platforms targeting these diseases. Additionally, applications of 3D-printing in infectious diseases are summarized, with the goal to provide insight into how future delivery innovations may benefit from 3D-printing to address the global challenges in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Bassam Fotouh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Rovelli R, Cecchini B, Zavagna L, Azimi B, Ricci C, Esin S, Milazzo M, Batoni G, Danti S. Emerging Multiscale Biofabrication Approaches for Bacteriotherapy. Molecules 2024; 29:533. [PMID: 38276612 PMCID: PMC10821506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriotherapy is emerging as a strategic and effective approach to treat infections by providing putatively harmless bacteria (i.e., probiotics) as antagonists to pathogens. Proper delivery of probiotics or their metabolites (i.e., post-biotics) can facilitate their availing of biomaterial encapsulation via innovative manufacturing technologies. This review paper aims to provide the most recent biomaterial-assisted strategies proposed to treat infections or dysbiosis using bacteriotherapy. We revised the encapsulation processes across multiscale biomaterial approaches, which could be ideal for targeting different tissues and suit diverse therapeutic opportunities. Hydrogels, and specifically polysaccharides, are the focus of this review, as they have been reported to better sustain the vitality of the live cells incorporated. Specifically, the approaches used for fabricating hydrogel-based devices with increasing dimensionality (D)-namely, 0D (i.e., particles), 1D (i.e., fibers), 2D (i.e., fiber meshes), and 3D (i.e., scaffolds)-endowed with probiotics, were detailed by describing their advantages and challenges, along with a future overlook in the field. Electrospinning, electrospray, and 3D bioprinting were investigated as new biofabrication methods for probiotic encapsulation within multidimensional matrices. Finally, examples of biomaterial-based systems for cell and possibly post-biotic release were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rovelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
| | - Beatrice Cecchini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Zavagna
- PEGASO Doctoral School of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy (B.A.)
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Zheng BD, Gan L, Tian LY, Chen GH. Protein/polysaccharide-based hydrogels loaded probiotic-mediated therapeutic systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126841. [PMID: 37696368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural characteristics of protein/polysaccharide-based hydrogels, as a potential drug delivery platform, have attracted extensive attention. Probiotics have attracted renewed interest in drug research because of their beneficial effects on host health. The idea of using probiotics loaded on protein/polysaccharide-based hydrogels as potential drugs to treat different diseases has been put forward and shows great prospects. Based on this, in this review, we highlight the design strategy of hydrogels loaded probiotic-mediated therapy systems and review the potential diseases that have been proved to be treatable in the laboratory, including promoting wound healing and improving intestinal health and vaginal health, and discuss the challenges existing in the current design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lei Gan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li-Yuan Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guan-Hong Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Sodré MTC, Ferraz FA, Alencar AKV, Silva KF, Silva DHDS, Silva LDS, Araújo Carneiro JSDS, Monteiro CA, Silva LCN, Monteiro ADS. The Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 in the Development of Alginate-Based Gel Formulations with Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1112. [PMID: 37631027 PMCID: PMC10458396 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in developing alginate-based gel formulations to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the antagonistic actions of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271) were evaluated against S. aureus ATCC 25923. All tested LAB inhibited S. aureus, but the highest activity was observed for L. plantarum ATCC 14917 (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial effects of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 cell suspensions, sonicate cells extract, and cell-free supernatants (pH 5 or 7) were analyzed using a broth-based assay. The cell suspensions inhibited S. aureus at concentrations ≥ 10%, and these effects were confirmed by a time-kill assay. Alginate-based gels were formulated with cell suspensions, sonicate cells extract, and cell-free supernatant (pH 5). These formulations inhibited S. aureus growth. Based on the results, the alginate gel with cell suspensions at 10% was selected for further characterization. L. plantarum ATCC 14917 survived in the alginate-based gel, especially when stored at 5 °C. At this temperature, the L. plantarum-containing alginate gel was stable, and it was in compliance with microbiological standards. These findings suggest it can be a promising agent for the topical treatment of infections induced by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karinny Farias Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís 65030-005, MA, Brazil
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Rai V, Kyser AJ, Goodin DA, Mahmoud MY, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Computational Modeling of Probiotic Recovery from 3D-Bioprinted Scaffolds for Localized Vaginal Application. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2023; 11:100120. [PMID: 37583971 PMCID: PMC10424195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2023.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli, play a beneficial role in the female reproductive tract (FRT), regulating pH via lactic acid metabolism to help maintain a healthy environment. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a dysregulated flora in which anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis (Gardnerella) create a less acidic environment. Current treatment focuses on antibiotic administration, including metronidazole, clindamycin, or tinidazole; however, lack of patient compliance as well as antibiotic resistance may contribute to 50% recurrence within a year. Recently, locally administered probiotics such as Lactobacillus crispatus (L. crispatus) have been evaluated as a prophylactic against recurrence. To mitigate the lack of patient compliance, sustained probiotic delivery has been proposed via 3D-bioprinted delivery vehicles. Successful delivery depends on a variety of vehicle fabrication parameters influencing timing and rate of probiotic recovery; detailed evaluation of these parameters would benefit from computational modeling complementary to experimental evaluation. This study implements a novel simulation platform to evaluate sustained delivery of probiotics from 3D-bioprinted scaffolds, taking into consideration bacterial lactic acid production and associated pH changes. The results show that the timing and rate of probiotic recovery can be realistically simulated based on fabrication parameters that affect scaffold degradation and probiotic survival. Longer term, the proposed approach could help personalize localized probiotic delivery to the FRT to advance women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Rai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anthony J. Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dylan A. Goodin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mohamed Y. Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Jill M. Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL-Health –Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Kyser AJ, Mahmoud MY, Herold SE, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Formulation and characterization of pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed scaffolds for controlled intravaginal antibiotic release. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123054. [PMID: 37207856 PMCID: PMC10330500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly recurrent vaginal condition linked with many health complications. Topical antibiotic treatments for BV are challenged with drug solubility in vaginal fluid, lack of convenience and user adherence to daily treatment protocols, among other factors. 3D-printed scaffolds can provide sustained antibiotic delivery to the female reproductive tract (FRT). Silicone vehicles have been shown to provide structural stability, flexibility, and biocompatibility, with favorable drug release kinetics. This study formulates and characterizes novel metronidazole-containing 3D-printed silicone scaffolds for eventual application to the FRT. Scaffolds were evaluated for degradation, swelling, compression, and metronidazole release in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). Scaffolds retained high structural integrity and sustained release. Minimal mass loss (<6%) and swelling (<2%) were observed after 14 days in SVF, relative to initial post-cure measurements. Scaffolds cured for 24 hr (50 °C) demonstrated elastic behavior under 20% compression and 4.0 N load. Scaffolds cured for 4 hr (50 °C), followed by 72 hr (4 °C), demonstrated the highest, sustained, metronidazole release (4.0 and 27.0 µg/mg) after 24 hr and 14 days, respectively. Based upon daily release profiles, it was observed that the 24 hr timepoint had the greatest metronidazole release of 4.08 μg/mg for scaffolds cured at 4 hr at 50 °C followed by 72 hr at 4 °C. For all curing conditions, release of metronidazole after 1 and 7 days showed > 4.0-log reduction in Gardnerella concentration. Negligible cytotoxicity was observed in treated keratinocytes comparable to untreated cells, This study shows that pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed silicone scaffolds may provide a versatile vehicle for sustained metronidazole delivery to the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Sydney E Herold
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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