Prehospital Hemorrhage Assessment Criteria: A Concise Review.
J Trauma Nurs 2021;
28:332-338. [PMID:
34491952 DOI:
10.1097/jtn.0000000000000608]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Early assessment of the clinical status of trauma patients is crucial for guiding the treatment strategy, and it requires a rapid and systematic approach. The aim of this report is to critically review the assessment parameters currently used in the prehospital setting to quantify blood loss in trauma.
DATA SOURCES
Studies regarding hemorrhagic shock in trauma were pooled from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using key words such as "hemorrhagic shock," "vital signs evaluation," "trauma," "blood loss," and "emergency medical service," alone or combined.
STUDY SELECTION
Articles published since 2009 in English and Italian were considered eligible if containing data on assessment parameters in blood loss in adults.
DATA EXTRACTION
Sixteen articles matching the inclusion criteria were considered in our study.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Current prehospital assessment measures lack precise correlation with blood loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Traditional assessment parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, shock index, and Glasgow Coma Scale score often lag in providing accurate blood loss assessment. The current literature supports the need for a noninvasive, continuously monitored assessment parameter to identify early shock in the prehospital setting.
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