1
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François JM. Progress advances in the production of bio-sourced methionine and its hydroxyl analogues. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108259. [PMID: 37734648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The essential sulphur-containing amino acid, methionine, is becoming a mass-commodity product with an annual production that exceeded 1,500,000 tons in 2018. This amino acid is today almost exclusively produced by chemical process from fossil resources. The environmental problems caused by this industrial process, and the expected scarcity of oil resources in the coming years, have recently accelerated the development of bioprocesses for producing methionine from renewable carbon feedstock. After a brief description of the chemical process and the techno-economic context that still justify the production of methionine by petrochemical processes, this review will present the current state of the art of biobased alternatives aiming at a sustainable production of this amino acid and its hydroxyl analogues from renewable carbon feedstock. In particular, this review will focus on three bio-based processes, namely a purely fermentative process based on the metabolic engineering of the natural methionine pathway, a mixed process combining the production of the O-acetyl/O-succinyl homoserine intermediate of this pathway by fermentation followed by an enzyme-based conversion of this intermediate into L-methionine and lately, a hybrid process in which the non-natural chemical synthon, 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, obtained by fermentation of sugars is converted by chemo-catalysis into hydroxyl methionine analogues. The industrial potential of these three bioprocesses, as well as the major technical and economic obstacles that remain to be overcome to reach industrial maturity are discussed. This review concludes by bringing up the assets of these bioprocesses to meet the challenge of the "green transition", with the accomplishment of the objective "zero carbon" by 2050 and how they can be part of a model of Bioeconomy enhancing local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, UMR INSA -CNRS5504 and UMR INSA-INRAE 792, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France; Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRAE-INSA-CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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2
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Sankaran K. Renewable Methanol from Industrial Carbon Emissions: A Dead End or Sustainable Way Forward? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29189-29201. [PMID: 37599969 PMCID: PMC10433353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As the urgency to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 intensifies, industries face an imperative to reimagine their role in the fight against climate change. One promising avenue arises from the realization that industrial emissions, often deemed pollutants, can be the building blocks of a circular economy strategy. By directly utilizing these carbon emissions as raw materials, we can produce net-zero or low-carbon fuels, carbonates, polymers, and chemicals. At the heart of this paradigm shift lies the production of carbon-neutral methanol from industrial flue gas-a technically viable approach that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The conditions under which such a circular economy model for producing renewable methanol becomes commercially sustainable based on realistic constraints, however, are not sufficiently explored in the existing literature. This paper fills this gap by investigating if and when net-zero methanol production from industrial flue gas will be a sustainable long-term strategy. Using detailed technoeconomic modeling of integrated hydrogen and methanol production ecosystems for two production capacities, I will evaluate 32 practical production scenarios using realistic regulatory, economic, and market conditions. Even though renewable methanol from industrial emissions can be a viable technical solution to address climate change and global warming, I will show why this strategy will be commercially feasible only under favorable economic, regulatory, and market conditions. Furthermore, I will demonstrate how the market price of methanol and the cost of carbon-free electricity critically influence the commercial feasibility of this approach. When these two parameters are unfavorable, I will show why other factors, namely, carbon credits and byproduct (oxygen) sales, will not be sufficient to create an economically sustainable circular economy of renewable methanol from industrial emissions. Finally, I will provide arguments on why one has to think through stakeholder cooperation and public-private partnerships to mitigate various project risks. Despite the importance of this topic, it is not sufficiently covered in the available scientific literature. To advance policy and regulatory frameworks in this area, I strongly believe that further research and development is needed. I will also share perspectives on regulatory derisking mechanisms, which can help align regulations with private investors' preferences. With the analyses and arguments showcased in this paper, I will firmly assert that without favorable conditions, strong partnerships, and stakeholder cooperation, the production of renewable net-zero methanol from industrial emissions risks becoming a dead-end strategy.
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Leppäkoski L, Lopez G, Uusitalo V, Nieminen H, Järviö N, Kosonen A, Koiranen T, Laari A, Breyer C, Ahola J. Climate and biodiversity impacts of low-density polyethylene production from CO 2 and electricity in comparison to bio-based polyethylene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163628. [PMID: 37084904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are essential materials for modern societies, but their production contributes to significant environmental issues. Power-to-X processes could produce plastics from captured CO2 and hydrogen with renewable electricity, but these technologies may also face challenges from environmental perspective. This paper focuses on environmental sustainability assessment of CO2-based low-density polyethylene (LDPE) compared to bio-based LDPE. Life cycle assessment has been applied to study climate impacts and land use related biodiversity impacts of different plastic production scenarios. According to the climate impact results, the carbon footprint of the produced plastic can be negative if the energy used is from wind, solar, or bioenergy and the carbon captured within the plastic is considered. In terms of biodiversity, land-use related biodiversity impacts seem to be lower from CO2-based polyethylene compared to sugarcane-based polyethylene. Forest biomass use for heat production in CO2-based polyethylene poses a risk to significantly increase biodiversity impacts. Taken together, these results suggest that CO2-based LDPE produced with renewable electricity could reduce biodiversity impacts over 96 % while carbon footprint seems to be 6.5 % higher when compared to sugarcane-based polyethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Lopez
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | | | - Harri Nieminen
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | | | - Antti Kosonen
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | | | - Arto Laari
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | | | - Jero Ahola
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
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4
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Bruinsma L, Wenk S, Claassens NJ, Martins Dos Santos VAP. Paving the way for synthetic C1 - Metabolism in Pseudomonas putida through the reductive glycine pathway. Metab Eng 2023; 76:215-224. [PMID: 36804222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon (C1) compounds such as methanol, formate, and CO2 are alternative, sustainable microbial feedstocks for the biobased production of chemicals and fuels. In this study, we engineered the carbon metabolism of the industrially important bacterium Pseudomonas putida to modularly assimilate these three substrates through the reductive glycine pathway. First, we demonstrated the functionality of the C1-assimilation module by coupling the growth of auxotrophic strains to formate assimilation. Next, we extended the module in the auxotrophic strains from formate to methanol-dependent growth using both NAD and PQQ-dependent methanol dehydrogenases. Finally, we demonstrated, for the first time, engineered CO2-dependent formation of part of the biomass through CO2 reduction to formate by the native formate dehydrogenase, which required short-term evolution to rebalance the cellular NADH/NAD + ratio. This research paves the way to further engineer P. putida towards full growth on formate, methanol, and CO2 as sole feedstocks, thereby substantially expanding its potential as a sustainable and versatile cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyon Bruinsma
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, WE, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Wenk
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nico J Claassens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, WE, the Netherlands.
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, WE, the Netherlands; LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, 12163, Germany; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, WE, the Netherlands.
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5
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Theofanidis SA, Antzaras AN, Lemonidou AA. CO2 as a building block: from capture to utilization. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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6
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Sollai S, Porcu A, Tola V, Ferrara F, Pettinau A. Renewable methanol production from green hydrogen and captured CO2: A techno-economic assessment. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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A Detailed Process and Techno-Economic Analysis of Methanol Synthesis from H2 and CO2 with Intermediate Condensation Steps. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the typically low equilibrium CO2 conversion to methanol using commercially proven technology, the addition of two intermediate condensation units between reaction steps is evaluated in this work. Detailed process simulations with heat integration and techno-economic analyses of methanol synthesis from green H2 and captured CO2 are presented here, comparing the proposed process with condensation steps with the conventional approach. In the new process, a CO2 single-pass conversion of 53.9% was achieved, which is significantly higher than the conversion of the conventional process (28.5%) and its equilibrium conversion (30.4%). Consequently, the total recycle stream flow was halved, which reduced reactant losses in the purge stream and the compression work of the recycle streams, lowering operating costs by 4.8% (61.2 M€·a−1). In spite of the additional number of heat exchangers and flash drums related to the intermediate condensation units, the fixed investment costs of the improved process decreased by 22.7% (94.5 M€). This was a consequence of the increased reaction rates and lower recycle flows, reducing the required size of the main equipment. Therefore, intermediate condensation steps are beneficial for methanol synthesis from H2/CO2, significantly boosting CO2 single-pass conversion, which consequently reduces both the investment and operating costs.
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8
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Stark C, Münßinger S, Rosenau F, Eikmanns BJ, Schwentner A. The Potential of Sequential Fermentations in Converting C1 Substrates to Higher-Value Products. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907577. [PMID: 35722332 PMCID: PMC9204031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today production of (bulk) chemicals and fuels almost exclusively relies on petroleum-based sources, which are connected to greenhouse gas release, fueling climate change. This increases the urgence to develop alternative bio-based technologies and processes. Gaseous and liquid C1 compounds are available at low cost and often occur as waste streams. Acetogenic bacteria can directly use C1 compounds like CO, CO2, formate or methanol anaerobically, converting them into acetate and ethanol for higher-value biotechnological products. However, these microorganisms possess strict energetic limitations, which in turn pose limitations to their potential for biotechnological applications. Moreover, efficient genetic tools for strain improvement are often missing. However, focusing on the metabolic abilities acetogens provide, they can prodigiously ease these technological disadvantages. Producing acetate and ethanol from C1 compounds can fuel via bio-based intermediates conversion into more energy-demanding, higher-value products, by deploying aerobic organisms that are able to grow with acetate/ethanol as carbon and energy source. Promising new approaches have become available combining these two fermentation steps in sequential approaches, either as separate fermentations or as integrated two-stage fermentation processes. This review aims at introducing, comparing, and evaluating the published approaches of sequential C1 fermentations, delivering a list of promising organisms for the individual fermentation steps and giving an overview of the existing broad spectrum of products based on acetate and ethanol. Understanding of these pioneering approaches allows collecting ideas for new products and may open avenues toward making full use of the technological potential of these concepts for establishment of a sustainable biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stark
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sini Münßinger
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bernhard J. Eikmanns,
| | - Andreas Schwentner
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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9
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Park KH, Lee JW, Lim Y, Seo Y. Life cycle cost analysis of CO2 compression processes coupled with a cryogenic distillation unit for purifying high-CO2 natural gas. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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11
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Establishing Butyribacterium methylotrophicum as a platform organism for the production of biocommodities from liquid C1 metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0239321. [PMID: 35138930 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02393-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, acetogens can non-photosynthetically fix gaseous C1 molecules preventing them from entering the atmosphere. Many acetogens can also grow on liquid C1 compounds such as formate and methanol which avoid the storage and mass transfer issues associated with gaseous C1 compounds. Substrate redox state also plays an important role in acetogen metabolism and can modulate products formed by these organisms. Butyribacterium methylotrophicum is an acetogen known for its ability to synthesize longer-chained molecules such as butyrate and butanol, which have significantly higher value than acetate or ethanol, from one-carbon (C1) compounds. We explored B. methylotrophicum's C1 metabolism by varying substrates, substrate concentrations and substrate feeding strategies to improve four-carbon product titers. Our results showed that formate utilization by B. methylotrophicum favored acetate production and methanol utilization favored butyrate production. Co-feeding of both substrates produced a high butyrate titer of 4 g/L when methanol was supplied in excess to formate. Testing of formate feeding strategies, in the presence of methanol, led to further increases in the butyrate to acetate ratio. Mixotrophic growth of liquid and gaseous C1 substrates expanded the B. methylotrophicum product profile as ethanol, butanol and lactate were produced in these conditions. We also showed that B. methylotrophicum is capable of producing caproate, a six-carbon product, presumably through chain elongation cycles of the reverse β-oxidation pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated butanol production via heterologous gene expression. Our results indicate that both selection of appropriate substrates and genetic engineering play important roles in determining titers of desired products. Importance. Acetogenic bacteria can fix single-carbon (C1) molecules. However, improvements are needed to overcome poor product titers. Butyribacterium methylotrophicum can naturally ferment C1 compounds into longer-chained molecules such as butyrate alongside traditional acetate. Here we show that B. methylotrophicum can effectively grow on formate and methanol to produce high titers of butyrate. We improved ratios of butyrate to acetate through adjusted formate feeding strategies and produced higher value six-carbon molecules. We also expanded the B. methylotrophicum product profile with the addition of C1 gases as the organism produced ethanol, butanol and lactate. Furthermore, we developed a transformation protocol for B. methylotrophicum to facilitate genetic engineering of this organism for the circular bioeconomy.
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12
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Effect of surface basicity over the supported Cu-ZnO catalysts on hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Kuusela K, Uusitalo V, Ahola J, Levänen J. The transformation of plastics production from net positive greenhouse gas emissions to net negative: An environmental sustainability assessment of CO2-based polypropylene. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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15
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Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015025118. [PMID: 34155098 PMCID: PMC8255800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015025118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth and changes in dietary patterns place an ever-growing pressure on the environment. Feeding the world within sustainable boundaries therefore requires revolutionizing the way we harness natural resources. Microbial biomass can be cultivated to yield protein-rich feed and food supplements, collectively termed single-cell protein (SCP). Yet, we still lack a quantitative comparison between traditional agriculture and photovoltaic-driven SCP systems in terms of land use and energetic efficiency. Here, we analyze the energetic efficiency of harnessing solar energy to produce SCP from air and water. Our model includes photovoltaic electricity generation, direct air capture of carbon dioxide, electrosynthesis of an electron donor and/or carbon source for microbial growth (hydrogen, formate, or methanol), microbial cultivation, and the processing of biomass and proteins. We show that, per unit of land, SCP production can reach an over 10-fold higher protein yield and at least twice the caloric yield compared with any staple crop. Altogether, this quantitative analysis offers an assessment of the future potential of photovoltaic-driven microbial foods to supplement conventional agricultural production and support resource-efficient protein supply on a global scale.
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Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis for Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Methanol and Liquid/High-Calorie-SNG Fuels. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 has great potential to significantly reduce CO2 and contribute to green economy by converting CO2 into a variety of useful products. The goal of this study is to assess and compare the techno-economic and environmental measures of CO2 catalytic conversion to methanol and Fischer–Tropsch-based fuels. More specifically, two separate process models were developed using a process modeler: direct catalytic conversion of CO2 to Fischer–Tropsch-based liquid fuel/high-calorie SNG and direct catalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol. The unit production cost for each process was analyzed and compared to conventional liquid fuel and methanol production processes. CO2 emissions for each process were assessed in terms of global warming potential. The cost and environmental analyses results of each process were used to compare and contrast both routes in terms of economic feasibility and environmental friendliness. The results of both the processes indicated that the total CO2 emissions were significantly reduced compared with their respective conventional processes.
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17
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Zang G, Sun P, Elgowainy A, Wang M. Technoeconomic and Life Cycle Analysis of Synthetic Methanol Production from Hydrogen and Industrial Byproduct CO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5248-5257. [PMID: 33719393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CO2 capture and utilization provides an alternative pathway for low-carbon hydrocarbon production. Given the ample supply of high-purity CO2 emitted from ethanol and ammonia plants, this study conducted technoeconomic analysis and environmental life cycle analysis of several systems: integrated methanol-ethanol coproduction, integrated methanol-ammonia coproduction, and stand-alone methanol production systems, using CO2 feedstock from ethanol plants, ammonia plants, and general market CO2 supply. The cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions of methanol produced from the stand-alone methanol, integrated methanol-ethanol, and integrated methanol-ammonia systems are 13.6, 37.9, and 84.6 g CO2-equiv/MJ, respectively, compared to 91.5 g CO2-equiv/MJ of conventional methanol produced from natural gas. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of methanol ($0.61-0.64/kg) is 61-68% higher than the average market methanol price of $0.38/kg, when using a Department of Energy target renewable hydrogen production price of $2.0/kg. The methanol price increases to $1.24-1.28/kg when the hydrogen price is $5.0/kg. Without CO2 abatement credits, the H2 price needs to be within $0.77-0.95/kg for the MFSP of methanol to equal the average methanol market price. With a CO2 credit of $35/MT according to tax credit per metric ton of CO2 captured and used, the methanol price is reduced to $0.56-0.59/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Zang
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pingping Sun
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Amgad Elgowainy
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael Wang
- Systems Assessment Center, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Abstract
Steelmaking is responsible for approximately one third of total industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Hydrogen (H2) direct reduction (H-DR) may be a feasible route towards the decarbonization of primary steelmaking if H2 is produced via electrolysis using fossil-free electricity. However, electrolysis is an electricity-intensive process. Therefore, it is preferable that H2 is predominantly produced during times of low electricity prices, which is enabled by the storage of H2. This work compares the integration of H2 storage in four liquid carriers, methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA), ammonia (NH3) and perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT), in H-DR processes. In contrast to conventional H2 storage methods, these carriers allow for H2 storage in liquid form at moderate overpressures, reducing the storage capacity cost. The main downside to liquid H2 carriers is that thermochemical processes are necessary for both the storage and release processes, often with significant investment and operational costs. The carriers are compared using thermodynamic and economic data to estimate operational and capital costs in the H-DR context considering process integration options. It is concluded that the use of MeOH is promising compared to the other considered carriers. For large storage volumes, MeOH-based H2 storage may also be an attractive option to the underground storage of compressed H2. The other considered liquid H2 carriers suffer from large thermodynamic barriers for hydrogenation (FA) or dehydrogenation (NH3, H18-DBT) and higher investment costs. However, for the use of MeOH in an H-DR process to be practically feasible, questions regarding process flexibility and the optimal sourcing of CO2 and heat must be answered.
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19
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Atsbha TA, Yoon T, Seongho P, Lee CJ. A review on the catalytic conversion of CO2 using H2 for synthesis of CO, methanol, and hydrocarbons. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Pacheco KA, Bresciani AE, Alves RM. Multi criteria decision analysis for screening carbon dioxide conversion products. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Wenk S, Schann K, He H, Rainaldi V, Kim S, Lindner SN, Bar-Even A. An "energy-auxotroph" Escherichia coli provides an in vivo platform for assessing NADH regeneration systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3422-3434. [PMID: 32658302 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient in vivo regeneration of the primary cellular resources NADH and ATP is vital for optimizing the production of value-added chemicals and enabling the activity of synthetic pathways. Currently, such regeneration routes are tested and characterized mainly in vitro before being introduced into the cell. However, in vitro measurements could be misleading as they do not reflect enzyme activity under physiological conditions. Here, we construct an in vivo platform to test and compare NADH regeneration systems. By deleting dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli, we abolish the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. When cultivated on acetate, the resulting strain is auxotrophic to NADH and ATP: acetate can be assimilated via the glyoxylate shunt but cannot be oxidized to provide the cell with reducing power and energy. This strain can, therefore, serve to select for and test different NADH regeneration routes. We exemplify this by comparing several NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenases and methanol dehydrogenases. We identify the most efficient enzyme variants under in vivo conditions and pinpoint optimal feedstock concentrations that maximize NADH biosynthesis while avoiding cellular toxicity. Our strain thus provides a useful platform for comparing and optimizing enzymatic systems for cofactor regeneration under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wenk
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karin Schann
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hai He
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Vittorio Rainaldi
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Seohyoung Kim
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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22
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Jack J, Park E, Maness PC, Huang S, Zhang W, Ren ZJ. Selective ligand modification of cobalt porphyrins for carbon dioxide electrolysis: Generation of a renewable H2/CO feedstock for downstream catalytic hydrogenation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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24
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He H, Höper R, Dodenhöft M, Marlière P, Bar-Even A. An optimized methanol assimilation pathway relying on promiscuous formaldehyde-condensing aldolases in E. coli. Metab Eng 2020; 60:1-13. [PMID: 32169542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineering biotechnological microorganisms to use methanol as a feedstock for bioproduction is a major goal for the synthetic metabolism community. Here, we aim to redesign the natural serine cycle for implementation in E. coli. We propose the homoserine cycle, relying on two promiscuous formaldehyde aldolase reactions, as a superior pathway design. The homoserine cycle is expected to outperform the serine cycle and its variants with respect to biomass yield, thermodynamic favorability, and integration with host endogenous metabolism. Even as compared to the RuMP cycle, the most efficient naturally occurring methanol assimilation route, the homoserine cycle is expected to support higher yields of a wide array of products. We test the in vivo feasibility of the homoserine cycle by constructing several E. coli gene deletion strains whose growth is coupled to the activity of different pathway segments. Using this approach, we demonstrate that all required promiscuous enzymes are active enough to enable growth of the auxotrophic strains. Our findings thus identify a novel metabolic solution that opens the way to an optimized methylotrophic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai He
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rune Höper
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Moritz Dodenhöft
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Philippe Marlière
- TESSSI, The European Syndicate of Synthetic Scientists and Industrialists, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002, Paris, France.
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Kim S, Lindner SN, Aslan S, Yishai O, Wenk S, Schann K, Bar-Even A. Growth of E. coli on formate and methanol via the reductive glycine pathway. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:538-545. [PMID: 32042198 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering a biotechnological microorganism for growth on one-carbon intermediates, produced from the abiotic activation of CO2, is a key synthetic biology step towards the valorization of this greenhouse gas to commodity chemicals. Here we redesign the central carbon metabolism of the model bacterium Escherichia coli for growth on one-carbon compounds using the reductive glycine pathway. Sequential genomic introduction of the four metabolic modules of the synthetic pathway resulted in a strain capable of growth on formate and CO2 with a doubling time of ~70 h and growth yield of ~1.5 g cell dry weight (gCDW) per mol-formate. Short-term evolution decreased doubling time to less than 8 h and improved biomass yield to 2.3 gCDW per mol-formate. Growth on methanol and CO2 was achieved by further expression of a methanol dehydrogenase. Establishing synthetic formatotrophy and methylotrophy, as demonstrated here, paves the way for sustainable bioproduction rooted in CO2 and renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyoung Kim
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Selçuk Aslan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Oren Yishai
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wenk
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karin Schann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Din IU, Shaharun MS, Alotaibi MA, Alharthi AI, Naeem A. Recent developments on heterogeneous catalytic CO2 reduction to methanol. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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A techno-economic evaluation approach to the electrochemical reduction of CO2 for formic acid manufacture. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Renewable methanol and formate as microbial feedstocks. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 62:168-180. [PMID: 31733545 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methanol and formate are attractive microbial feedstocks as they can be sustainably produced from CO2 and renewable energy, are completely miscible, and are easy to store and transport. Here, we provide a biochemical perspective on microbial growth and bioproduction using these compounds. We show that anaerobic growth of acetogens on methanol and formate is more efficient than on H2/CO2 or CO. We analyze the aerobic C1 assimilation pathways and suggest that new-to-nature routes could outperform their natural counterparts. We further discuss practical bioprocessing aspects related to growth on methanol and formate, including feedstock toxicity. While challenges in realizing sustainable production from methanol and formate still exist, the utilization of these feedstocks paves the way towards a truly circular carbon economy.
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Process development and techno-economic evaluation of methanol production by direct CO2 hydrogenation using solar-thermal energy. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Tackett BM, Gomez E, Chen JG. Net reduction of CO2 via its thermocatalytic and electrocatalytic transformation reactions in standard and hybrid processes. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Technoeconomic Perspective on Natural Gas Liquids and Methanol as Potential Feedstocks for Producing Olefins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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