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Wang X, Zhang Q, Liang S, Zhao S. Systematic Review of Solubility, Thickening Properties and Mechanisms of Thickener for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:996. [PMID: 38921872 PMCID: PMC11206668 DOI: 10.3390/nano14120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has extremely important applications in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas, especially in fracturing and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. It can not only relieve water resource wastage and environmental pollution caused by traditional mining methods, but also effectively store CO2 and mitigate the greenhouse effect. However, the low viscosity nature of supercritical CO2 gives rise to challenges such as viscosity fingering, limited sand-carrying capacity, high filtration loss, low oil and gas recovery efficiency, and potential rock adsorption. To overcome these challenges, low-rock-adsorption thickeners are required to enhance the viscosity of supercritical CO2. Through research into the literature, this article reviews the solubility and thickening characteristics of four types of polymer thickeners, namely surfactants, hydrocarbons, fluorinated polymers, and silicone polymers in supercritical CO2. The thickening mechanisms of polymer thickeners were also analyzed, including intermolecular interactions, LA-LB interactions, hydrogen bonding, and functionalized polymers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shiwei Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Songqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
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2
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Zhang L, Chen F, Wang H, He J, Luo M, Chen H, Zhong C. Starch microsphere silicon-boron crosslinker for low concentration hydroxypropyl guar gum based fracturing fluid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130575. [PMID: 38432270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) is a critical thickener to increase viscosity and lubrication to improve the water-based hydraulic fracturing efficiency. However, current crosslinkers require a large amount of HPG (>0.3 wt%) to form gel with sufficient viscosity, and high concentrations of HPG may cause adverse effects to the production and the environment. In this study, a novel starch microsphere silica‑boron crosslinker (SMSB) was developed using starch microspheres as a carrier and γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH550) as a modifier with an in-house method. Both the rheology and surface reactions of the SMSB-HPG crosslinking system were studied using multiple laboratory experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that SMSB crosslinker caused multi-site cross-linking with low concentration (only 0.2 wt%) of HPG molecules, reducing the twisting of single molecular chain in the crosslinking system, enhancing the cross-linking strength between molecular chains, and making HPG molecular chains stretcher in the aqueous solution. The apparent viscosity and viscoelasticity of the HPG system were substantially higher than the organoboron crosslinker, and the temperature resistance of the SMSB-HPG crosslinking system was up to 140 °C. This study provides an alternative green crosslinker for more sustainable industrial applications and provides theoretical basis for the modification of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Mina Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Hao Chen
- CNPC Greatwall Drilling Company Sichuan Shale Gas Department, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China.
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Shafiei M, Kazemzadeh Y, Escrochi M, Cortés FB, Franco CA, Riazi M. A comprehensive review direct methods to overcome the limitations of gas injection during the EOR process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7468. [PMID: 38553487 PMCID: PMC10980774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods, gas-based EOR methods are very popular all over the world. The gas injection has a high ability to increase microscopic sweep efficiency and can increase production efficiency well. However, it should be noted that in addition to all the advantages of these methods, they have disadvantages such as damage due to asphaltene deposition, unfavorable mobility ratio, and reduced efficiency of macroscopic displacement. In this paper, the gas injection process and its challenges were investigated. Then the overcoming methods of these challenges were investigated. To inhibit asphaltene deposition during gas injection, the use of nanoparticles was proposed, which were examined in two categories: liquid-soluble and gas-soluble, and the limitations of each were examined. Various methods were used to overcome the problem of unfavorable mobility ratio and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Gas-phase modification has the potential to reduce the challenges and limitations of direct gas injection and significantly increase recovery efficiency. In the first part, the introduction of gas injection and the enhanced oil recovery mechanisms during gas injection were mentioned. In the next part, the challenges of gas injection, which included unfavorable mobility ratio and asphaltene deposition, were investigated. In the third step, gas-phase mobility control methods investigate, emphasizing thickeners, thickening mechanisms, and field applications of mobility control methods. In the last part, to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on asphaltene deposition and reducing the minimum miscible pressure in two main subsets: 1- use of nanoparticles indirectly to prevent asphaltene deposition and reduce surface tension and 2- use of nanoparticles as a direct asphaltene inhibitor and Reduce MMP of the gas phase in crude oil was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shafiei
- IOR/EOR Research Institute, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Kazemzadeh
- IOR/EOR Research Institute, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Escrochi
- IOR/EOR Research Institute, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid B Cortés
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camilo A Franco
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Masoud Riazi
- IOR/EOR Research Institute, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Fu H, Song K, Pan Y, Song H, Meng S, Liu M, Bao R, Hao H, Wang L, Fu X. Application of Polymeric CO 2 Thickener Polymer-Viscosity-Enhance in Extraction of Low-Permeability Tight Sandstone. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:299. [PMID: 38276708 PMCID: PMC10819244 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The conventional production technique employed for low-permeability tight reservoirs exhibits limited productivity. To solve the problem, an acetate-type supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) thickener, PVE, which contains a large number of microporous structures, was prepared using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The product exhibited an ability to decrease the minimum miscibility pressure of scCO2 during a solubility test and demonstrated a favorable extraction efficiency in a low-permeability tight core displacement test. At 15 MPa and 70 °C, PVE-scCO2 at a concentration of 0.2% exhibits effective oil recovery rates of 5.61% for the 0.25 mD core and 2.65% for the 5 mD core. The result demonstrates that the incorporation of the thickener PVE can effectively mitigate gas channeling, further improve oil displacement efficiency, and inflict minimal damage to crude oil. The mechanism of thickening was analyzed through molecular simulation. The calculated trend of thickening exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental measurement rule. The simulation results demonstrate that the contact area between the polymer and CO2 increases in direct proportion to both the number of thickener molecules and the viscosity of the system. The study presents an effective strategy for mitigating gas channeling during scCO2 flooding and has a wide application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fu
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Kaoping Song
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yiqi Pan
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hanxuan Song
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Senyao Meng
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Runfei Bao
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongda Hao
- School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, School of Energy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Longxin Wang
- Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xindong Fu
- Daqing Drilling Engineering Company Underground Operation Company Technology Research Institute, Songyuan 138000, China
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Tadepalli KM, Chakrabarty S, Patil P, Kumar R. Design of CO 2 Thickeners and Role of Aromatic Rings in Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Molecular Dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:989-996. [PMID: 36628525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligomers of PDMS (M1), polyFast (M2), modified PVEE (M3 and M4), and two new molecules with cyclic cores (M5 and M6) were studied to understand their ability to thicken the sc-CO2 at 377 K and 55 MPa, without any cosolvent. It was observed that PDMS and polyFast behaved in the known ways. PDMS does not improve the viscosity of the system without a cosolvent and PolyFast enhances the viscosity by a large margin. M3 and M4 also have not improved the viscosity significantly even with the introduction of a styrene component, but which has improved their solubilities in the fluid. M5 and M6, however, are observed to have enhanced the viscosity similar to that of polyFast due to their structural advantage and π-π interactions between the molecules. These molecules were also tested for their synthesizability, and their synthesis is found to be moderately easy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Pramod Patil
- Rock-Oil Consulting Group, Houston, Texas77479, United States
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras600036, India
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Zhou M, Ni R, Zhao Y, Huang J, Deng X. Research progress on supercritical CO 2 thickeners. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5107-5115. [PMID: 33954312 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
According to the thickening principle and molecular structure of thickeners, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) thickeners have been summarized and introduced by dividing into polymers, small molecular compounds and surfactants. The properties such as solubility, thickening effect, thickening condition and existing problems of scCO2 thickeners are analyzed and assessed, and the research progress and prospects of scCO2 thickeners are proposed. ScCO2 is used in both CO2 fracturing and CO2 flooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, due to its low viscosity, the proppant carrying ability and filtration control ability of scCO2 are too weak for fracturing. Also, in the process of CO2 flooding, its low viscosity not only exacerbates the gravity override but also leads to an unfavorable mobility ratio that results in viscous fingering, early breakthrough, and poor sweep efficiency. Therefore, scCO2 thickeners have good application prospects in oil and gas production for improved oil recovery (IOR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China. and School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China and Reach Center of Energy Polymer, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Ruifeng Ni
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China and Reach Center of Energy Polymer, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China and Reach Center of Energy Polymer, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jiangyu Huang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China and Reach Center of Energy Polymer, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China and Reach Center of Energy Polymer, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
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Liu B, Wang Y, Liang L, Zeng Y. Achieving solubility alteration with functionalized polydimethylsiloxane for improving the viscosity of supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17197-17205. [PMID: 35479697 PMCID: PMC9032628 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thickened carbon dioxide flow state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Yanling Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Lei Liang
- School of Petroleum Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Yijin Zeng
- Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute
- Beijing
- China
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Liu B, Wang Y, Liang L. Preparation and Performance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Thickener. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E78. [PMID: 33379182 PMCID: PMC7796412 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The low sand-carrying problem caused by the low viscosity of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) limits the development of supercritical CO2 fracturing technology. In this study, a molecular simulation method was used to design a fluorine-free solvent-free SC-CO2 thickener 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (HBD). Simulations and experiments mutually confirm that HBD-1 and HBD-2 have excellent solubility in SC-CO2. The apparent viscosity of SC-CO2 after thickening was evaluated with a self-designed and assembled capillary viscometer. The results show that when the concentration of HBD-2 is 5 wt.% (305.15 K, 10 MPa), the viscosity of SC-CO2 increases to 4.48 mPa·s. Combined with the capillary viscometer and core displacement device, the low damage of SC-CO2 fracturing fluid to the formation was studied. This work solves the pollution problems of fluoropolymers and co-solvents to organisms and the environment and provides new ideas for the molecular design and research of SC-CO2 thickeners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanling Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (B.L.); (L.L.)
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9
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Effect of fluid field on the eco-friendly utilization and recycling of CO2 and dyes in the waterless dyeing. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun W, Wang H, Zha Y, Yu J, Zhang J, Ge Y, Sun B, Zhang Y, Gao C. Experimental and microscopic investigations of the performance of copolymer thickeners in supercritical CO2. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen R, Zheng J, Ma Z, Zhang X, Fan H, Bittencourt C. Evaluation of
CO
2
‐philicity and thickening capability of multichain poly(ether‐carbonate) with assistance of molecular simulations. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing China
- Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Key Laboratory of Marine Oil and Gas Reservoirs Production Sinopec Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jieyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhongzhu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Carla Bittencourt
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons Mons Belgium
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12
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Zhou M, Tu H, He Y, Peng P, Liao M, Zhang J, Xu X, He W, Zhao Y, Guo X. Synthesis of an oligomeric thickener for supercritical carbon dioxide and its properties. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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