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Weber JL, Mejía CH, de Jong KP, de Jongh PE. Recent advances in bifunctional synthesis gas conversion to chemicals and fuels with a comparison to monofunctional processes. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:4799-4842. [PMID: 39206322 PMCID: PMC11347923 DOI: 10.1039/d4cy00437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In order to meet the climate goals of the Paris Agreement and limit the potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change, we must move away from the use of fossil feedstocks for the production of chemicals and fuels. The conversion of synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide) can contribute to this. Several reactions allow to convert synthesis gas to oxygenates (such as methanol), olefins or waxes. In a consecutive step, these products can be further converted into chemicals, such as dimethyl ether, short olefins, or aromatics. Alternatively, fuels like gasoline, diesel, or kerosene can be produced. These two different steps can be combined using bifunctional catalysis for direct conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals and fuels. The synergistic effects of combining two different catalysts are discussed in terms of activity and selectivity and compared to processes based on consecutive reaction with single conversion steps. We found that bifunctional catalysis can be a strong tool for the highly selective production of dimethyl ether and gasoline with high octane numbers. In terms of selectivity bifunctional catalysis for short olefins or aromatics struggles to compete with processes consisting of single catalytic conversion steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Weber
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - C Hernández Mejía
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - K P de Jong
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
| | - P E de Jongh
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht Netherlands
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2
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Morales M, Rezayat M, García-González S, Mateo A, Jiménez-Piqué E. Ru-Ce 0.7Zr 0.3O 2-δ as an Anode Catalyst for the Internal Reforming of Dimethyl Ether in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38607137 PMCID: PMC11013270 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The development of direct dimethyl ether (DME) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has several drawbacks, due to the low catalytic activity and carbon deposition of conventional Ni-zirconia-based anodes. In the present study, the insertion of 2.0 wt.% Ru-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ (ruthenium-zirconium-doped ceria, Ru-CZO) as an anode catalyst layer (ACL) is proposed to be a promising solution. For this purpose, the CZO powder was prepared by the sol-gel synthesis method, and subsequently, nanoparticles of Ru (1.0-2.0 wt.%) were synthesized by the impregnation method and calcination. The catalyst powder was characterized by BET-specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy detector (FESEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Afterward, the catalytic activity of Ru-CZO catalyst was studied using DME partial oxidation. Finally, button anode-supported SOFCs with Ru-CZO ACL were prepared, depositing Ru-CZO onto the anode support and using an annealing process. The effect of ACL on the electrochemical performance of cells was investigated under a DME and air mixture at 750 °C. The results showed a high dispersion of Ru in the CZO solid solution, which provided a complete DME conversion and high yields of H2 and CO at 750 °C. As a result, 2.0 wt.% Ru-CZO ACL enhanced the cell performance by more than 20% at 750 °C. The post-test analysis of cells with ACL proved a remarkable resistance of Ru-CZO ACL to carbon deposition compared to the reference cell, evidencing the potential application of Ru-CZO as a catalyst as well as an ACL for direct DME SOFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morales
- Structural Integrity and Materials Reliability Centre (CIEFMA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.G.-G.); (A.M.); (E.J.-P.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Rezayat
- Structural Integrity and Materials Reliability Centre (CIEFMA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.G.-G.); (A.M.); (E.J.-P.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra García-González
- Structural Integrity and Materials Reliability Centre (CIEFMA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.G.-G.); (A.M.); (E.J.-P.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Mateo
- Structural Integrity and Materials Reliability Centre (CIEFMA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.G.-G.); (A.M.); (E.J.-P.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Jiménez-Piqué
- Structural Integrity and Materials Reliability Centre (CIEFMA), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (S.G.-G.); (A.M.); (E.J.-P.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE—Campus Diagonal Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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van Kampen J, Overbeek J, Boon J, van Sint Annaland M. Continuous multi-column sorption-enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis (SEDMES): Dynamic operation. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1055896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work the continuous production of dimethyl ether (DME) by sorption-enhanced DME synthesis (SEDMES) technology has been demonstrated for the first time with a multi-column test-rig. A continuous single-pass carbon yield up to 95%, higher than ever reported before, has been achieved. The multi-column experiments have also shown that SEDMES can be operated at lower temperatures (220°C) than previously reported. This allows a higher temperature rise, making higher conversions possible while allowing even larger reactor tube diameters. Whereas the anticipated multi-tubular reactor concept is complex and costly, larger reactors could facilitate the economic valorisation. The SEDMES reactor model cannot only describe the transient behaviour of the process during the cyclic steady-state well, but also the dynamic approach towards the cyclic steady-state is adequately captured. Capturing the dynamic operation is of large interest with respect to process flexibility, especially for Power-to-X systems.
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4
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Dong Q, Xu WL, Fan X, Li H, Klinghoffer N, Pyrzynski T, Meyer HS, Liang X, Yu M, Li S. Prototype Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis via CO 2 Hydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobei Dong
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Weiwei L. Xu
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Xiao Fan
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1101 North State Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Huazheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, 518 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Naomi Klinghoffer
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Travis Pyrzynski
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Howard S. Meyer
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1101 North State Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, 518 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shiguang Li
- Gas Technology Institute (GTI), 1700 South Mount Prospect Rd, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018, United States
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5
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Koybasi HH, Avci AK. Numerical Analysis of CO 2-to-DME Conversion in a Membrane Microchannel Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hasan Koybasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet K. Avci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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On the design of mesostructured acidic catalysts for the one-pot dimethyl ether production from CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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A Review on Deactivation and Regeneration of Catalysts for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The deactivation of catalysts and their regeneration are two very important challenges that need to be addressed for many industrial processes. The most quoted reasons for the deterioration of dimethyl ether synthesis (DME) concern the sintering and the hydrothermal leaching of copper particles, their migration to acid sites, the partial formation of copper and zinc hydroxycarbonates, the formation of carbon deposits, and surface contamination with undesirable compounds present in syngas. This review summarises recent findings in the field of DME catalyst deactivation and regeneration. The most-used catalysts, their modifications, along with a comparison of the basic parameters, deactivation approaches, and regeneration methods are presented.
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8
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Kinetics of the Direct DME Synthesis: State of the Art and Comprehensive Comparison of Semi-Mechanistic, Data-Based and Hybrid Modeling Approaches. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid kinetic models represent a promising alternative to describe and evaluate the effect of multiple variables in the performance of complex chemical processes, since they combine system knowledge and extrapolability of the (semi-)mechanistic models in a wide range of reaction conditions with the adaptability and fast convergence of data-based approaches (e.g., artificial neural networks—ANNs). For the first time, a hybrid kinetic model for the direct DME synthesis was developed consisting of a reactor model, i.e., balance equations, and an ANN for the reaction kinetics. The accuracy, computational time, interpolation and extrapolation ability of the new hybrid model were compared to those of aumped and a data-based model with the same validity range, using both simulations and experiments. The convergence of parameter estimation and simulations with the hybrid model is much faster than with theumped model, and the predictions show a greater degree of accuracy within the models’ validity range. A satisfactory dimension and range extrapolation was reached when the extrapolated variable was included in the knowledge module of the model. This feature is particularly dependent on the network architecture and phenomena covered by the underlying model, andess on the experimental conditions evaluated during model development.
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9
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Delolo FG, Fessler J, Neumann H, Junge K, dos Santos EN, Gusevskaya EV, Beller M. Cobalt‐Catalysed Reductive Etherification Using Phosphine Oxide Promoters under Hydroformylation Conditions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103903. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G. Delolo
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Johannes Fessler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Eduardo N. dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Elena V. Gusevskaya
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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10
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Mondal U, Yadav GD. Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO 2 hydrogenation over a highly active, selective and stable catalyst containing Cu–ZnO–Al 2O 3/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable method to valorize CO2 into dimethyl ether on a very active and stable CZA/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15 trifunctional catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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11
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Koybasi HH, Avci AK. Modeling of a membrane integrated catalytic microreactor for efficient DME production from syngas with CO2. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Validation of a Fixed Bed Reactor Model for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Using Pilot-Scale Plant Data. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-dimensional (1D) mathematical model of fixed bed reactor was developed for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis at pilot-scale (capacity: 25–28 Nm3/h of syngas). The reaction rate, heat, and mass transfer equations were correlated with the effectiveness factor. The simulation results, including the temperature profile, CO conversion, DME selectivity, and DME yield of the outlet, were validated with experimental data. The average error ratios were below 9.3%, 8.1%, 7.8%, and 3.5% for the temperature of the reactor, CO conversion, DME selectivity, and DME yield, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of flow rate, feed pressure, H2:CO ratio, and CO2 mole fraction was investigated to demonstrate the applicability of this model.
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13
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Jung HS, Zafar F, Wang X, Nguyen TX, Hong CH, Hur YG, Choung JW, Park MJ, Bae JW. Morphology Effects of Ferrierite on Bifunctional Cu–ZnO–Al 2O 3/Ferrierite for Direct Syngas Conversion to Dimethyl Ether. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Faisal Zafar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xuan Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwan Hong
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gul Hur
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choung
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-June Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Portillo A, Ateka A, Ereña J, Aguayo AT, Bilbao J. Conditions for the Joint Conversion of CO 2 and Syngas in the Direct Synthesis of Light Olefins Using In 2O 3–ZrO 2/SAPO-34 Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 61:10365-10376. [PMID: 35915619 PMCID: PMC9335533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The conditions for
promoting the joint conversion of CO2 and syngas in the
direct synthesis of light olefins have been studied.
In addition, given the relevance for the viability of the process,
the stability of the In2O3–ZrO2/SAPO-34 (InZr/S34) catalyst has also been pursued. The CO+CO2 (COx) hydrogenation experimental
runs were conducted in a packed bed isothermal reactor under the following
conditions: 375–425 °C; 20–40 bar; space time,
1.25–20 gcatalyst h molC–1; H2/(COx) ratio in the feed,
1–3; CO2/(COx) ratio
in the feed, 0.5; time on stream (TOS), up to 24 h. Analyzing the
reaction indices (CO2 and COx conversions, yield and selectivity of olefins and paraffins, and
stability), the following have been established as suitable conditions:
400 °C, 30 bar, 5–10 gcat h molC–1, CO2/COx = 0.5, and H2/COx = 3. Under
these conditions, the catalyst is stable (after an initial period
of deactivation by coke), and olefin yield and selectivity surpass
4 and 70%, respectively, with light paraffins as byproducts. Produced
olefin yields follow propylene > ethylene > butenes. The conditions
of the process (low pressure and low H2/COx ratio) may facilitate the integration of sustainable
H2 production with PEM electrolyzers and the covalorization
of CO2 and syngas obtained from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Portillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Ainara Ateka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Andres T. Aguayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain
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Bhatia P, Dharaskar S, Unnarkat AP. CO 2 reduction routes to value-added oxygenates: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61929-61950. [PMID: 34553283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a key attribute that is used to evaluate the economic development of any country. The demand for energy is going to rise in developing countries and will be 67% of global use by 2040. The energy surge in these rising economies will be responsible for 60-70% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. The quest for higher energy motivates technological development to curb the climate change occurring with GHG emissions. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Current work is intended to give an updated review on the different routes of carbon dioxide utilization that are catalytic route, photocatalytic route, electrocatalytic route, microwave plasma route, and biocatalytic route. These routes are capable of converting CO2 into different valuable products such as formic acid, methanol, and di-methyl ether (DME), which are majorly derived from biomass and/or fossil fuels (coal gasification and/or natural gas). This work investigates the effect of different routes available for the production of value-added products by CO2 reduction, discusses various challenges that come across the aforementioned routes, and shares views on future scope and research direction to pave new innovative ways of reducing CO2 from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Bhatia
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India
| | - Swapnil Dharaskar
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India
| | - Ashish P Unnarkat
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India.
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16
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Koybasi HH, Hatipoglu C, Avci AK. Sustainable DME synthesis from CO2–rich syngas in a membrane assisted reactor–microchannel heat exchanger system. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Lluna‐Galán C, Izquierdo‐Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero‐Antonino JR. Catalytic Reductive Alcohol Etherifications with Carbonyl-Based Compounds or CO 2 and Related Transformations for the Synthesis of Ether Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3744-3784. [PMID: 34237201 PMCID: PMC8518999 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ether derivatives have myriad applications in several areas of chemical industry and academia. Hence, the development of more effective and sustainable protocols for their production is highly desired. Among the different methodologies reported for ether synthesis, catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications with carbonyl-based moieties (aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives) have emerged in the last years as a potential tool. These processes constitute appealing routes for the selective production of both symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers (including O-heterocycles) with an increased molecular complexity. Likewise, ester-to-ether catalytic reductions and hydrogenative alcohol etherifications with CO2 to dialkoxymethanes and other acetals, albeit in less extent, have undergone important advances, too. In this Review, an update of the recent progresses in the area of catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications using carbonyl-based compounds and CO2 have been described with a special focus on organic synthetic applications and catalyst design. Complementarily, recent progress made in catalytic acetal/ketal-to-ether or ester-to-ether reductions and other related transformations have been also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lluna‐Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Luis Izquierdo‐Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Jose R. Cabrero‐Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
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18
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An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14185687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging effects of the exploration for and consumption of fossil-based fuels. The current work examines the classification, generation, and utilization of biofuels, particularly in internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. Biofuels are classified according to their physical state, technology maturity, the generation of feedstock, and the generation of products. The methods of production and the advantages of the application of biogas, bioalcohol, and hydrogen in spark ignition engines, as well as biodiesel, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, and dimethyl ether in compression ignition engines, in terms of engine performance and emission are highlighted. The generation of biofuels from waste helps in waste minimization, proper waste disposal, and sanitation. The utilization of biofuels in ICEs improves engine performance and mitigates the emission of poisonous gases. There is a need for appropriate policy frameworks to promote commercial production and seamless deployment of these biofuels for transportation applications with a view to guaranteeing energy security.
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Rodriguez-Vega P, Ateka A, Kumakiri I, Vicente H, Ereña J, Aguayo AT, Bilbao J. Experimental implementation of a catalytic membrane reactor for the direct synthesis of DME from H2+CO/CO2. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO2: Recent Advances in Bifunctional/Hybrid Catalytic Systems. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a versatile raw material and an interesting alternative fuel that can be produced by the catalytic direct hydrogenation of CO2. Recently, this process has attracted the attention of the industry due to the environmental benefits of CO2 elimination from the atmosphere and its lower operating costs with respect to the classical, two-step synthesis of DME from syngas (CO + H2). However, due to kinetics and thermodynamic limits, the direct use of CO2 as raw material for DME production requires the development of more effective catalysts. In this context, the objective of this review is to present the latest progress achieved in the synthesis of bifunctional/hybrid catalytic systems for the CO2-to-DME process. For catalyst design, this process is challenging because it should combine metal and acid functionalities in the same catalyst, in a correct ratio and with controlled interaction. The metal catalyst is needed for the activation and transformation of the stable CO2 molecules into methanol, whereas the acid catalyst is needed to dehydrate the methanol into DME. Recent developments in the catalyst design have been discussed and analyzed in this review, presenting the different strategies employed for the preparation of novel bifunctional catalysts (physical/mechanical mixing) and hybrid catalysts (co-precipitation, impregnation, etc.) with improved efficiency toward DME formation. Finally, an outline of future prospects for the research and development of efficient bi-functional/hybrid catalytic systems will be presented.
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Behloul CR, Commenge JM, Castel C. Simulation of Reactors under Different Thermal Regimes and Study of the Internal Diffusional Limitation in a Fixed-Bed Reactor for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from a CO 2-Rich Input Mixture and H 2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakib R. Behloul
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Commenge
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Castel
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Delgado Otalvaro N, Sogne G, Herrera Delgado K, Wild S, Pitter S, Sauer J. Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO 2 rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al 2O 3 ratio of a mixed catalyst bed. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24556-24569. [PMID: 35481015 PMCID: PMC9036900 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether over mechanical mixtures of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) and γ-Al2O3 was studied in a wide range of process conditions. Experiments were performed at an industrially relevant pressure of 50 bar varying the carbon oxide ratio in the feed (CO2 in COx from 20 to 80%), temperature (503–533 K), space-time (240–400 kgcat s mgas−3), and the CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 weight ratio (from 1 to 5). Factors favoring the DME production in the investigated range of conditions are an elevated temperature, a low CO2 content in the feed, and a CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 weight ratio of 2. A lumped kinetic model was parameterized to fit the experimental data, resulting in one of the predictive models with the broadest range of validity in the open literature for the CZA/γ-Al2O3 system. Experimental and numerical kinetic investigations for the direct DME synthesis resulted in one of the predictive models with the broadest range of validity in the open literature for the CZA/γ-Al2O3 system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Sogne
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wild
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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van Kampen J, Boon J, Vente J, van Sint Annaland M. Sorption enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis under industrially relevant conditions: experimental validation of pressure swing regeneration. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High single-pass production of dimethyl ether from CO2-rich feedstock is demonstrated by pressure swing regeneration, allowing enormous increase in productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper van Kampen
- Sustainable Technologies for Industrial Processes
- TNO Energy Transition
- 1755 ZG Petten
- The Netherlands
- Chemical Process Intensification
| | - Jurriaan Boon
- Sustainable Technologies for Industrial Processes
- TNO Energy Transition
- 1755 ZG Petten
- The Netherlands
- Chemical Process Intensification
| | - Jaap Vente
- Sustainable Technologies for Industrial Processes
- TNO Energy Transition
- 1755 ZG Petten
- The Netherlands
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Sun X, Yang Y, He Y, Zhu S, Liu Z. Stability of Zeolite HZSM-5 in Liquid Phase Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
The climate situation that the planet is experiencing, mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases, poses great challenges to mitigate it. Since CO2 is the most abundant greenhouse gas, it is essential to reduce its emissions or, failing that, to use it to obtain chemicals of industrial interest. In recent years, much research have focused on the use of CO2 to obtain methanol, which is a raw material for the synthesis of several important chemicals, and dimethyl ether, which is advertised as the cleanest and highest efficiency diesel substitute fuel. Given that the bibliography on these catalytic reactions is already beginning to be extensive, and due to the great variety of catalysts studied by the different research groups, this review aims to expose the most important catalytic characteristics to take into account in the design of silica-based catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol and dimethyl ether.
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Yadav VG, Yadav GD, Patankar SC. The production of fuels and chemicals in the new world: critical analysis of the choice between crude oil and biomass vis-à-vis sustainability and the environment. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2020; 22:1757-1774. [PMID: 32982628 PMCID: PMC7505498 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-020-01945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Energy and the environment are intimately related and hotly debated issues. Today's crude oil-based economy for the manufacture of fuels, chemicals and materials will not have a sustainable future. The over-use of oil products has done a great damage to the environment. Faced with the twin challenges of sustaining socioeconomic development and shrinking the environmental footprint of chemicals and fuel manufacturing, a major emphasis is on either converting biomass into low-value, high-volume biofuels or refining it into a wide spectrum of products. Using carbon for fuel is a flawed approach and unlikely to achieve any nation's socioeconomic or environmental targets. Biomass is chemically and geographically incompatible with the existing refining and pipeline infrastructure, and biorefining and biofuels production in their current forms will not achieve economies of scale in most nations. Synergistic use of crude oil, biomass, and shale gas to produce fuels, value-added chemicals, and commodity chemicals, respectively, can continue for some time. However, carbon should not be used as a source of fuel or energy but be valorized to other products. In controlling CO2 emissions, hydrogen will play a critical role. Hydrogen is best suited for converting waste biomass and carbon dioxide emanated from different sources, whether it be fossil fuel-derived carbon or biomass-derived carbon, into fuels and chemicals as well as it will also lead, on its own as energy source, to the carbon negative scenario in conjunction with other renewable non-carbon sources. This new paradigm for production of fuels and chemicals not only offers the greatest monetization potential for biomass and shale gas, but it could also scale down output and improve the atom and energy economies of oil refineries. We have also highlighted the technology gaps with the intention to drive R&D in these directions. We believe this article will generate a considerable debate in energy sector and lead to better energy and material policy across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya G. Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Saurabh C. Patankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneshwar, India
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van Kampen J, Boon J, Vente J, van Sint Annaland M. Sorption enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis for high efficiency carbon conversion: Modelling and cycle design. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Development of a green process for DME production based on the methane tri-reforming. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kipnis MA, Volnina EA, Belostotskii IA, Levin IS. Features of Preparation of the Methanol Synthesis Component of a Bifunctional Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Catalyst. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ateka A, Ereña J, Bilbao J, Aguayo AT. Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Ateka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Ereña
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrés T. Aguayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Mondal U, Yadav GD. Perspective of dimethyl ether as fuel: Part II- analysis of reactor systems and industrial processes. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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