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Serafin J, Dziejarski B. Activated carbons-preparation, characterization and their application in CO 2 capture: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40008-40062. [PMID: 37326723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest research trends in terms of the preparation, and characteristics of activated carbons regarding CO2 adsorption applications, with a special focus on future investigation paths. The reported current research trends are primarily closely related to the synthesis conditions (carbonization and physical or chemical activation process), to develop the microporosity and surface area, which are the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of adsorption. Furthermore, we emphasized the importance of regeneration techniques as a factor determining the actual technological and economic suitability of a given material for CO2 capture application. Consequently, this work provides a summary and potential directions for the development of activated carbons (AC). We attempt to create a thorough theoretical foundation for activated carbons while also focusing on identifying and specific statements of the most relevant ongoing research scope that might be advantageous to progress and pursue in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Serafin
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bartosz Dziejarski
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Asfahan HM, Sultan M, Farooq M, Riaz F, Ibrahim SM, Ahamed MS, Imran M. Performance Evaluation of Phenol-Resin-Based Adsorbents for Heat Transformation Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5262. [PMID: 37569966 PMCID: PMC10420069 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenol resins (PRs) are considered as relatively inexpensive adsorbents synthesized from agricultural biomass via employing a variety of synthesized procedures. The performance of PR for heat transformation application is not widely investigated. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the four PR derivative/refrigerant pairs, namely (i) KOH6-PR/CO2, (ii) SAC-2/HFC, (iii) KOH4-PR/ethanol, and (iv) KOH6-PR/ethanol, for adsorption cooling and adsorption heating applications. Ideal cycle analyses and/or thermodynamic modelling approaches were utilized comprising governing heat and mass balance equations and adsorption equilibrium models. The performance of the AHP system is explored by means of specific cooling energy (SCE), specific heating energy (SHE), and coefficient of performance (COP), both for cooling and heating applications, respectively. It has been realized that KOH6-PR/ethanol could produce a maximum SCE of 1080 kJ/kg/cycle and SHE of 2141 kJ/kg/cycle at a regeneration temperature (Treg) and condenser temperature (Tcond) of 80 °C, and 10 °C, respectively, followed by KOH4-PR/ethanol, SAC-2/HFC-32, and KOH6-PR/CO2. The maximum COP values were estimated to be 1.78 for heating and 0.80 for cooling applications, respectively, at Treg = 80 °C and Tcond = 10 °C. In addition, the study reveals that, corresponding to increase/decrease in condenser/evaporator pressure, both SCE and SHE decrease/increase, respectively; however, this varies in magnitude due to adsorption equilibrium of the studied PR derivative/refrigerant pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz M. Asfahan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sultan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan;
| | - Fahid Riaz
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sobhy M. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Shamim Ahamed
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
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Ahmadi M, Ghaemi A, Qasemnazhand M. Lithium hydroxide as a high capacity adsorbent for CO 2 capture: experimental, modeling and DFT simulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7150. [PMID: 37130879 PMCID: PMC10154391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the potential of monohydrate Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as a high capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The effects of operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, LiOH particle size and LiOH loading, on the CO2 capture in a fixed-bed reactor have been experimentally explored using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design. The optimum conditions obtained by the RSM for temperature, pressure, mesh and maximum adsorption capacity were calculated as 333 K, 4.72 bar, 200 micron and 559.39 mg/g, respectively. The experiments were evaluated using isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling. Isotherm modeling showed that Hill model could deliver a perfect fit to the experimental data, based on the closeness of the R2-value to unity. The kinetics models showed that the process was chemical adsorption and obeyed the second order model. In addition, thermodynamic analysis results showed that the CO2 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In addition, based on the density functional theory, we investigated the chemical stability of LiOH atomic clusters and examined the effects of LiOH nanonization on the physical attraction of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Ahmadi
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Ghaemi
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Qasemnazhand
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Mo G, Xiao J, Gao X. NaHCO 3 activated sludge-derived biochar by KMnO 4 modification for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57771-57787. [PMID: 36971938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface flat pristine biochar provides limited adsorption sites for Cd(II) adsorption. To address this issue, a novel sludge-derived biochar (MNBC) was prepared by NaHCO3 activation and KMnO4 modification. The batch adsorption experiments illustrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of MNBC was twice that of pristine biochar and reached equilibrium more quickly. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir model were more suitable for analyzing the Cd(II) adsorption process on MNBC. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and NO-3 had no effect on the Cd(II) removal. Cu2+ and Pb2+ inhibited the Cd(II) removal, while PO3-4 and humic acid (HA) promoted it. After 5 repeated experiments, the Cd(II) removal efficiency on MNBC was 90.24%. The Cd(II) removal efficiency of MNBC in different actual water bodies was over 98%. Furthermore, MNBC owned excellent Cd(II) adsorption performance in fixed bed experiments, and the effective treatment capacity was 450 BV. The co-precipitation, complexation, ion exchange and Cd(II)-π interaction were involved in Cd(II) removal mechanism. XPS analysis showed that NaHCO3 activation and KMnO4 modification enhanced the complexation ability of MNBC to Cd(II). The results suggested that MNBC can be used as an effective adsorbent for treating of Cd-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhai Mo
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Xiao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Powerchina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
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Lan J, Wang B, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Progress on fabrication and application of activated carbon sphere in recent decade. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Vishali S, Mullai P, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim K, Sivasankar A. Elucidation the influence of design variables on coagulation-flocculation mechanisms in the lab-scale bio-coagulation on toxic industrial effluent treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113224. [PMID: 35405132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-coagulants are environmentally friendly substances that have shown potential in removing organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater from the Imitation Paint Industry. Under the optimized conditions, the use of the three bio-coagulants (of plant origin), Strychnos potatorum, Cactus opuntia and Portunus sanguinolentus (crab) shell (of animal origin) were evaluated, and their removal mechanism was based on kinetic models and adsorption isotherms. The error analysis method was used to find the best isotherm fit. In addition, the kinetic model parameters showed the absence of chemisorption and confirmed the existence of pore diffusion. The interaction between coagulant and pollutant, the type, homogeneity and intensity of the coagulation process, the pollutant absorption capacity of the coagulant were evaluated with the aid of the adsorption isotherm models. From the Pseudo first-order kinetic model an equilibrium pollutant uptake (mg/g) was marked as 598, 554 and 597 for Strychnos potatorum, Cactus opuntia and Portunus sanguinolentus respectively. The better affinity between the pollutants and the bio coagulants were observed through the lower values of Langmuir isotherm constant kL. The adsorption intensity from Freundlich model (nF) were ranged between 1 and 10 for all the listed coagulants, which revealed the physisorption behavior and heterogeneous mechanism of removal. With these results, it would be possible to conduct scale-up studies to adopt the process for practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vishali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India.
| | - P Mullai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608 002, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annamalai Sivasankar
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Adsorption of CO2 with tetraethylammonium glycine ionic liquid modified alumina in the Rotating Adsorption Bed. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gautam, Sahoo S. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and performance evaluation of a transcritical ejector expansion CO2 adsorption refrigeration system integrated with thermoelectric sub-cooler. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ren X, Zhang C, Kou L, Wang R, Wang Y, Li R. Hierarchical porous polystyrene-based activated carbon spheres for CO 2 capture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13098-13113. [PMID: 34569006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is rather essential to design porous carbon adsorbents with high CO2 capture performance for improving global warming and climate change. Activated carbon spheres with high specific surface area and hierarchical porous texture were prepared from polystyrene-based macroreticular resin spheres due to their low ash and mechanical stability by air pre-oxidization and steam activation. The as-prepared carbon spheres had a specific surface area of 1274.95 m2 g-1, total pore volume of 1.09 cm3 g-1 and micropore volume of 0.47 cm3 g-1. Moreover, these carbon spheres showed a hierarchical porous texture composed of ultrafine micropores (0.5-1 nm), micropores (1-2 nm), mesopores (10-50 nm) and macropores (50-100 nm). A CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.82 mmol g-1 for carbon spheres can be obtained at 30 °C and 1 atm. Further, after introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups by gaseous ammonia at 600 °C, these carbon spheres (NPSRCSs) exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.2 mmol g-1. In addition, excellent cyclic stability, low hygroscopicity and regenerability temperature suggested these carbon spheres were favorable for CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ren
- Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Zhang
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Kou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
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Thermodynamic analysis of promising biomass-derived activated carbons/CO2 based adsorption cooling systems. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang K, Xing J, Chang J, Gu F, Li Z, Huang Z, Cai L. Sodium Lignosulfonate Modified Polystyrene for the Removal of Phenol from Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112496. [PMID: 33121197 PMCID: PMC7693492 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly and novel water treatment material was synthesized using sodium lignosulfonate modified polystyrene (SLPS), which can be used to eliminate phenols in aqueous solution. SLPS was characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The effect of the initial pH value, phenol content, adsorption time, and temperature on the absorbability of phenol in SLPS was investigated through adsorption experiments. It was found that SLPS could efficiently adsorb phenol in aqueous solution at a pH value of about 7. The test results revealed that the kinetic adsorption and isotherm adsorption could be successfully described using the pseudo second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. It was illustrated that the phenol adsorption on SLPS was dominated by chemisorption and belonged to monolayer adsorption. The max. phenol adsorption value of SLPS was 31.08 mg/g at 30 °C. Therefore, SLPS displayed a great potential for eliminating phenol from polluted water as a kind of novel and effective adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Yang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.Y.); (J.X.); (F.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jingchen Xing
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.Y.); (J.X.); (F.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jianmin Chang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.Y.); (J.X.); (F.G.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6233-7733
| | - Fei Gu
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.Y.); (J.X.); (F.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (K.Y.); (J.X.); (F.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (Z.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Liping Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA; (Z.H.); (L.C.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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