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Gama V, Dantas B, Sanyal O, Lima FV. Process Operability Analysis of Membrane-Based Direct Air Capture for Low-Purity CO 2 Production. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2024; 4:394-404. [PMID: 39185392 PMCID: PMC11342364 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Addressing climate change constitutes one of the major scientific challenges of this century, and it is widely acknowledged that anthropogenic CO2 emissions largely contribute to this issue. To achieve the "net-zero" target and keep the rise in global average temperature below 1.5 °C, negative emission technologies must be developed and deployed at a large scale. This study investigates the feasibility of using membranes as direct air capture (DAC) technology to extract CO2 from atmospheric air to produce low-purity CO2. In this work, a two-stage hollow fiber membrane module process is designed and modeled using the AVEVA Process Simulation platform to produce a low-purity (≈5%) CO2 permeate stream. Such low-purity CO2 streams could have several possible applications such as algae growth, catalytic oxidation, and enhanced oil recovery. An operability analysis is performed by mapping a feasible range of input parameters, which include membrane surface area and membrane performance metrics, to an output set, which consists of CO2 purity, recovery, and net energy consumption. The base case for this simulation study is generated considering a facilitated transport membrane with high CO2/N2 separation performance (CO2 permeance = 2100 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity = 1100), when tested under DAC conditions. With a constant membrane area, both membranes' intrinsic performances are found to have a considerable impact on the purity, recovery, and energy consumption. The area of the first module plays a dominant role in determining the recovery, purity, and energy demands, and in fact, increasing the area of the second membrane has a negative impact on the overall energy consumption, without improving the overall purities. The CO2 capture capacity of DAC units is important for implementation and scale-up. In this context, the performed analysis showed that the m-DAC process could be appropriate as a small-capacity system (0.1-1 Mt/year of air), with reasonable recoveries and overall purity. Finally, a preliminary CO2 emissions analysis is carried out for the membrane-based DAC process, which leads to the conclusion that the overall energy grid must be powered by renewable sources for the technology to qualify within the negative emissions category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Gama
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Beatriz Dantas
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Oishi Sanyal
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Fernando V. Lima
- Department of Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Elghazy E, Syed Mohamed SMD, Wianglor K, Tetali S, Raut M, Roy I, Pandhal J. Large-scale cultivation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 for the production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and its potential applications in the manufacturing of bulk and medical prototypes. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:133-141. [PMID: 39128542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.08.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers produced by microorganisms under nutrient limiting conditions and in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics. However, large scale production of PHAs is economically challenging due to the relatively high costs of organic carbon. Alternative options include using organisms capable of phototrophic or mixotrophic growth. This study aimed at the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) P(3HB), a type of PHA, at pilot scale using the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. First, to identify optimal conditions for P(3HB) production from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, different supplemental carbon source concentrations and salinity levels were tested at laboratory scale. The addition of 4 g/L acetate with no added NaCl led to P(3HB) accumulation of 10.7 % dry cell weight on the 28th day of cultivation. Although acetate additions were replicated in an outdoor 400 L serpentine photobioreactor, P(3HB) content was lower, implying uncontrolled conditions impact on biopolymer production efficiency. An optimized P(3HB) extraction methodology was developed to remove pigments, and the biopolymer was characterized and subjected to 3D printing (fused deposition modelling) to confirm its processability. This study thus successfully led to the large-scale production of P(3HB) using sustainable and environmentally friendly cyanobacterial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elbaraa Elghazy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Construction and Building Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Kamonchanok Wianglor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Tetali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mahendra Raut
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Insigneo Institute of In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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González-Arias J, Torres-Sempere G, Arroyo-Torralvo F, Reina TR, Odriozola JA. Optimizing biogas methanation over nickel supported on ceria-alumina catalyst: Towards CO 2-rich biomass utilization for a negative emissions society. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117735. [PMID: 38000630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Biogas methanation emerges as a prominent technology for converting biogas into biomethane in a single step. Furthermore, this technology can be implemented at biogas plant locations, supporting local economies and reducing dependence on large energy producers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on biogas methanation, particularly regarding the technical optimization of operational parameters and the profitability analysis of the overall process. To address this gap, our study represents a seminal work on the technical optimization of biogas methanation obtaining an empirical model to predict the performance of biogas methanation. We investigate the influence of operational parameters, such as reaction temperature, H2/CO2 ratio, space velocity, and CO2 share in the biogas stream through an experimental design. Based on previous research we selected a nickel supported on ceria-alumina catalyst; being nickel a benchmark system for methanation process such selection permits a reliable data extrapolation to commercial units. We showcase the remarkable impact of studied key operation parameters, being the temperature, the most critical factor affecting the reaction performance (ca. 2 to 5 times higher than the second most influencing parameter). The impact of the H2/CO2 ratio is also noticeable. The response surfaces and contour maps suggest that a temperature between 350 and 450 °C and an H2/CO2 ratio between 2.5 and 3.2 optimize the reaction performance. Further experimental tests were performed for model validation and optimization leading to a reliable predictive model. Overall, this study provides validated equations for technology scaling-up and techno-economic analysis, thus representing a step ahead towards real-world applications for bio-methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Arias
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.
| | - G Torres-Sempere
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - F Arroyo-Torralvo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/ Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - T R Reina
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - J A Odriozola
- Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Abunowara M, Bustam MA, Sufian S, Babar M, Eldemerdash U, Mukhtar A, Ullah S, Assiri MA, Al-Sehemi AG, Lam SS. High pressure CO 2 adsorption onto Malaysian Mukah-Balingian coals: Adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic and kinetic investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114905. [PMID: 36442522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CO2 sequestration into coalbed seams is one of the practical routes for mitigating CO2 emissions. The adsorption mechanisms of CO2 onto Malaysian coals, however, are not yet investigated. In this research CO2 adsorption isotherms were first performed on dry and wet Mukah-Balingian coal samples at temperatures ranging from 300 to 348 K and pressures up to 6 MPa using volumetric technique. The dry S1 coal showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.3 mmol g-1, at 300 K and 6 MPa among the other coal samples. The experimental results of CO2 adsorption were investigated using adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetic models. Nonlinear analysis has been employed to investigate the data of CO2 adsorption onto coal samples via three parameter isotherm equilibrium models, namely Redlich Peterson, Koble Corrigan, Toth, Sips, and Hill, and four parameter equilibrium model, namely Jensen Seaton. The results of adsorption isotherm suggested that the Jensen Seaton model described the experimental data well. Gibb's free energy change values are negative, suggesting that CO2 adsorption onto the coal occurred randomly. Enthalpy change values in the negative range established that CO2 adsorption onto coal is an exothermic mechanism. Webber's pore-diffusion model, in particular, demonstrated that pore-diffusion was the main controlling stage in CO2 adsorption onto coal matrix. The activation energy of the coals was calculated to be below -13 kJ mol-1, indicating that adsorption of CO2 onto coals occurred through physisorption. The results demonstrate that CO2 adsorption onto coal matrix is favorable, spontaneous, and the adsorbed CO2 molecules accumulate more onto coal matrix. The observations of this investigation have significant implications for a more accurate measurement of CO2 injection into Malaysian coalbed seams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abunowara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Azmi Bustam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Sufian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Babar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Usama Eldemerdash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt; Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), Egypt
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Saravanan A, Deivayanai VC, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Varjani S. CO 2 bio-mitigation using genetically modified algae and biofuel production towards a carbon net-zero society. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127982. [PMID: 36126842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CO2 sequestration carried by biological methodologies shows enhanced potential and has the advantage that biomass produced from the captured CO2 can be used for different applications. Bio-mitigation of carbons through a micro-algal system addresses a promising and feasible option. This review mostly focused on the role of algae, particular mechanisms, bioreactors in algae cultivation, and genetically modified algae in CO2 fixation and energy generation systems. A combination of CO2 bio-mitigation and biofuel production might deliver an extremely promising alternative to current CO2 mitigation systems. Bio mitigation in which the excess carbon is captured and bio fixation which the carbon is captured by algae or autotrophs and used for producing biofuel. This review revealed that steps for biofuel production from algae include factors affecting, harvesting techniques, oil extraction and transesterification. This review helps environmentalists and researchers to assess the effect of algae-based biorefinery on the green environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - V C Deivayanai
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
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Farooq W. Maximizing Energy Content and CO 2 Bio-fixation Efficiency of an Indigenous Isolated Microalga Parachlorella kessleri HY-6 Through Nutrient Optimization and Water Recycling During Cultivation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:804608. [PMID: 35223814 PMCID: PMC8867024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.804608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative source of energy and materials with low negative environmental impacts is essential for a sustainable future. Microalgae is a promising candidate in this aspect. The focus of this study is to optimize the supply of nitrogen and carbon dioxide during the cultivation of locally isolated strain Parachlorella kessleri HY-6. This study focuses on optimizing nitrogen and CO2 supply based on total biomass and biomass per unit amount of nitrogen and CO2. Total biomass increased from 1.23 to 2.30 g/L with an increase in nitrogen concentration from 15.8 to 47.4 mg/L. However, biomass per unit amount of nitrogen supplied was higher at low nitrogen content. Biomass and CO2 fixation rate increased at higher CO2 concentrations in bubbling air, but CO2 fixation efficiency decreased drastically. Finally, the energy content of biomass increased with increases in both nitrogen and CO2 supply. This work thoroughly analyzed the biomass composition via ultimate, proximate, and biochemical analysis. Water is recycled three times for cultivation at three different nitrogen levels. Microalgae biomass increased during the second recycling and then decreased drastically during the third. Activated carbon helped remove the organics after the third recycling to improve the water recyclability. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate variables for optimization by considering net energy investment in terms of nutrients (as nitrogen) and CO2 fixation efficiency and effective water recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Farooq
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Integrated Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security (IRC-MWS ), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Ying W, Tian S, Liu H, Zhou Z, Kapeso G, Zhong J, Zhang W. In Situ Dry Chemical Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon from Bamboo Charcoal for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030763. [PMID: 35160708 PMCID: PMC8837090 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nitrogen-doped bamboo-based activated carbon (NBAC) was in situ synthesized from simply blending bamboo charcoal (BC) with sodamide (SA, NaNH2) powders and heating with a protection of nitrogen flow at a medium temperature. The elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectra of as-synthesized NBAC showed quite a high nitrogen level of the simultaneously activated and doped samples; an abundant pore structure had also been determined from the NBACs which has a narrow size distribution of micropores (<2 nm) and favorable specific surface area that presented superb adsorption performance. The fcarbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption of the NBACs was measured at 0 °C and 25 °C at a pressure of 1 bar, whose capture capacities reached 3.68–4.95 mmol/g and 2.49–3.52 mmol/g, respectively, and the maximum adsorption could be observed for NBACs fabricated with an SA/BC ratio of 3:1 and activated at 500 °C. Further, adsorption selectivity of CO2 over N2 was deduced with the ideal adsorbed solution theory ((IAST), the selectivity was finally calculated which ranged from 15 to 17 for the NBACs fabricated at 500 °C). The initial isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) of NBACs was also determined at 30–40 kJ/mol, which suggested that CO2 adsorption was a physical process. The results of ten-cycle adsorption-desorption experimentally confirmed the regenerated NBACs of a steady CO2 adsorption performance, that is, the as-synthesized versatile NBAC with superb reproducibility makes it a perspective candidate in CO2 capture and separation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Ying
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaoxing 311800, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Huan Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Zenan Zhou
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Grantson Kapeso
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Jinhuan Zhong
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.Y.); (S.T.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
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