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Kasar AK, Jose SA, D’Souza B, Menezes PL. Fabrication and Tribological Performance of Self-Lubricating Porous Materials and Composites: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3448. [PMID: 39063737 PMCID: PMC11277858 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Porous materials have recently attracted significant attention in the aerospace and biomedical fields for addressing issues related to friction and wear. Porous materials are beneficial in applications where continuous lubrication is not feasible or for components that operate under extreme conditions, such as high speeds, elevated temperatures, and heavy loads. The pores can serve as reservoirs for liquid lubricants, which are gradually released during the operation of the components. The tribological properties of these materials depend on their porosity, the lubricants used, and any additional additives incorporated into the porous materials. This review article provides insight into common fabrication techniques for porous materials and examines their tribological performance for all three classes of materials-polymers, metals, and ceramics. Additionally, it discusses design criteria for porous self-lubricating materials by highlighting the critical properties of both the substrate and lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pradeep L. Menezes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (A.K.K.); (S.A.J.); (B.D.)
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2
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Preparation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Foam with High Resilience Performance via Fused Filament Fabrication and CO2 Foaming Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061535. [PMID: 36987314 PMCID: PMC10054835 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable flexible sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection range are applied in motion detection, medical diagnostic result and other fields, but poor resilience and hysteresis remain a challenge. In this study, a high-resilience foam sensor was prepared through a combination of additive manufacturing and green physical foaming method. The conductive filaments were prepared by using MWCNTs-modified TPU by the physical method of melt blending. Samples were prefabricated using the FFF printer and then saturated with CO2 in an autoclave before being removed and heated to foam. The composite foam effectively reduced residual strain, demonstrating the high resilience of the 3D-printed composite materials with a foam porous structure. The residual strain of the sample before foaming was >6% after a single cycle, and then gradually increased. The residual strain of the foamed samples is less than 5%. In addition, composite foam has high sensitivity and can monitor subtle pressure changes (0~40 kPa). The sensing performance of the composite foam was evaluated, and the current signal remained stable under different loading rates and small compression strains (2~5%). By using this highly resilient conductive composite material, a hierarchical shoe insole was designed that successfully detected human walking and running movements.
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3
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Chen B, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhou M, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhai W. Supercritical Fluid Microcellular Foaming of High-Hardness TPU via a Pressure-Quenching Process: Restricted Foam Expansion Controlled by Matrix Modulus and Thermal Degradation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248911. [PMID: 36558060 PMCID: PMC9783504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (HD-TPU) presents a high matrix modulus, low-temperature durability, and remarkable abrasion resistance, and has been used in many advanced applications. However, the fabrication of microcellular HD-TPU foam is rarely reported in the literature. In this study, the foaming behavior of HD-TPU with a hardness of 75D was investigated via a pressure-quenching foaming process using CO2 as a blowing agent. Microcellular HD-TPU foam with a maximum expansion ratio of 3.9-fold, a cell size of 25.9 μm, and cell density of 7.8 × 108 cells/cm3 was prepared, where a high optimum foaming temperature of about 170 °C had to be applied with the aim of softening the polymer's matrix modulus. However, the foaming behavior of HD-TPU deteriorated when the foaming temperature further increased to 180 °C, characterized by the presence of coalesced cells, microcracks, and a high foam density of 1.0 g/cm3 even though the crystal domains still existed within the matrix. The cell morphology evolution of HD-TPU foam was investigated by adjusting the saturation time, and an obvious degradation occurred during the high-temperature saturation process. A cell growth mechanism of HD-TPU foams in degradation environments was proposed to explain this phenomenon based on the gas escape through the defective matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaozong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zelin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-020-8411-3428
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4
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Corrugated thermoplastic polyurethane foams with high mechanical strength fabricated by integrating fused filament fabrication and microcellular foaming using supercritical CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Research on the cyclic compression performance of polycarbonate-based thermoplastic polyurethane foams prepared by microcellular foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Facile one-step method to manufacture polypropylene bead foams with outstanding thermal insulation and mechanical properties via supercritical CO2 extrusion foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Ultralight and hydrophobic PVDF/PMMA open-cell foams with outstanding heat-insulation and oil-adsorption performances fabricated by CO2 molten foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Wang G, Liu J, Zhao J, Li S, Zhao G, Park CB. Structure-gradient thermoplastic polyurethane foams with enhanced resilience derived by microcellular foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Li W, Ren Q, Zhu X, Wu M, Weng Z, Wang L, Zheng W. Enhanced heat resistance and compression strength of microcellular poly (lactic acid) foam by promoted stereocomplex crystallization with added D-Mannitol. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Huang P, Wu F, Su Y, Luo H, Lan X, Lee PC, Zheng W. Supercritical
CO
2
foaming of open‐cell polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer composite foams with oriented cellular structures for water treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Fei Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yaozhuo Su
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiaoqin Lan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province China
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11
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Longo A, Giannetti D, Tammaro D, Costanzo S, Di Maio E. TPU-based porous heterostructures by combined techniques. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The production of thermoplastic polyurethane-based porous heterostructures combining physical foaming with fused deposition modeling is detailed in this contribution. The choice of combining these two techniques lies in the possibility of creating objects endowed with a dual-scale structure at millimeter scale by fused deposition modeling and at microscopic scale by gas foaming. Thermal stability and rheological properties of the neat polymer were studied prior to foaming to design a suitable processing protocol and three different combined techniques are proposed: pressure quench, temperature rise and direct 3D foam printing. Foam morphologies were evaluated by SEM and foamed samples were characterized by thermal and mechanical analyses to highlight the differences among the combined processing techniques. Samples foamed via pressure quench exhibit the highest degree of crystallinity and a uniform cell morphology, also resulting in the largest stiffness. The results presented in this contribution open up the possibility of producing objects with complex geometry and porosity architecture at the dual scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Longo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) , C/o Comprensorio Olivetti, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Deborah Giannetti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Daniele Tammaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
- foamlab, University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80, 80126 , Naples (NA) , Italy
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12
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Zhao J, Wei C, Wang G, Li S, Zhang A, Dong G, Zhao G. Miscible polymethyl methacrylate/polylactide blend with enhanced foaming behavior and foam mechanical properties. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Chai J, Wang G, Zhang A, Dong G, Li S, Zhao J, Zhao G. Microcellular injection molded lightweight and tough poly (L-lactic acid)/in-situ polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposite foams with enhanced surface quality and thermally-insulating performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:57-66. [PMID: 35718146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance microcellular polymer foams have been widely used all over the world, while the excessive usage of petroleum-based polymers caused serious environmental problems. As the eco-friendly awareness is increasing significantly, poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), as a typical biomass polymer, has gradually attracted widespread attention. However, the slow crystallization and poor melt strength of PLLA lead to low foaming ability and thus limiting its industrial applications. Herein, a novel and scalable strategy by coupling in-situ fibrillation and mold-opening microcellular injection molding (MOMIM) was developed to fabricate lightweight and tough PLLA/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) foams. Thanks to the reticulated in-situ PTFE nanofibrils with a diameter of 100-200 nm, the crystallization and viscoelasticity of PLLA were dramatically promoted, and further contributing to its foaming ability. The expansion ratio of the MOMIM PLLA/PTFE foam was increased by 86 % compared with the regular microcellular injection molded (RMIM) PLLA foam. Moreover, the lower foam density and the toughening effect of PTFE nanofibrils resulted in the outstanding ductility of the PLLA/PTFE foams, whose tensile elongation, flexural strength, and impact strength were maximally increased by 52 %, 28 %, and 48 %, compared with PLLA foams. More importantly, the thermally-insulating performance and surface quality of PLLA/PTFE foams were also greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Chai
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China.
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Guiwei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Jinchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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14
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Zhuang HT, Zhang L, Bao JB. Enhanced foaming behaviors and compression properties of thermoplastic polyurethane via constructing micro-crosslinking structure assisted by chain extender. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Ultra-light, super-insulating, and strong polystyrene/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite foams fabricated by microcellular foaming. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Chai K, Xu Z, Chen D, Liu Y, Fang Y, Song Y. Effect of nano
TiO
2
on the cellular structure and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composite foams via mold‐opening foam injection molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chai
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Dong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yingtao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yongming Song
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials (Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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17
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Zhu X, Li X, Mi H, Jing X, Dong B, He P, Liu C, Shen C. Graphene oxide/thermoplastic polyurethane wrinkled foams with enhanced compression performance fabricated by dynamic supercritical
CO
2
foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xijue Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hao‐Yang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Binbin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Ping He
- College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Hu J, Gu R, Mi HY, Jing X, Antwi-Afari MF, Dong B, Liu C, Shen C. Self-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrinkled Foams with High Energy Absorption Realized by Gas Cooling Assisted Supercritical CO 2 Foaming. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruixing Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | | | - Binbin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold of Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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19
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Ultra-elastic and super-insulating biomass PEBA nanoporous foams achieved by combining in-situ fibrillation with microcellular foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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