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Kyriakoudi A, Mourtzinos I, Tyśkiewicz K, Milovanovic S. An Eco-Friendly Supercritical CO 2 Recovery of Value-Added Extracts from Olea europaea Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:1836. [PMID: 38928778 PMCID: PMC11202717 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly approach towards the recovery of value-added extracts from olive tree leaves with the aid of supercritical CO2 at 30 MPa was carried out. The impact of extraction temperature (35-90 °C) and presence of co-solvents (ethanol, water, and aqueous ethanol) on the total phenolic, flavonoid, and pigment content, as well as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and α-tocopherol content was determined. In addition, the antioxidant activity of extracts from tree leaves using DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays was investigated. The results of the study showed that the most effective supercritical CO2 extraction was at 90 °C with an addition of ethanol, which enabled the separation of extract with the highest content of tested compounds. Some of the highest recorded values were for oleuropein 1.9 mg/g, for carotenoids 5.3 mg/g, and for α-tocopherol 2.0 mg/g. Our results are expected to contribute to the efforts towards the valorization of olive leaves as a sustainable source of valuable compounds, and boost local economies as well as the interest of pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries for novel food by-product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kyriakoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Stoja Milovanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gros Q, Wolniaczyk M, Duval J, Horie S, Funada Y, Hayakawa Y, West C, Lesellier E. Facilitated on-line supercritical fluid extraction - supercritical fluid chromatography for nonpolar and polar compounds from milk thistle seeds. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464168. [PMID: 37348225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds, as those from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), are a valuable source of nonpolar and polar compounds with potentially interesting biological activity. The main nonpolar compounds are triglycerides, which are also the main components of all vegetable oils. In addition, specific polar compounds - flavonolignans, called silymarin, have been found in large amounts in milk thistle seeds extract. These flavonoids derivatives have different biological activity, for instance hepatoprotective effects. In order to extract and analyze both nonpolar (triglycerides) and polar compounds (flavonolignans) from milk thistle seeds through a sequential methodology, an on-line supercritical fluid extraction - supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) method was developed. Different ways of transferring the extracts from SFE to SFC (i.e. direct on-column transfer and loop transfer) were compared, and particularly for their effect on chromatographic quality. In this respect, nonpolar and polar compounds caused different issues, especially as polar compounds required a significant portion of co-solvent in the extraction step, favoring early elution in the chromatographic column. First, on-line SFE-SFC was used for triglycerides analysis and allowed the comparison of transfer modes. Then, on-line kinetics were performed to measure defatting time before polar molecules extraction. Finally, the eventual benefit of loop transfer was also investigated for the analysis of flavonolignans, polar molecules whose analysis can be difficult by on-line SFE-SFC. The aim of this paper is to discuss the versatility of on-line SFE-SFC and how challenging the coupling can be, especially when both non-polar and polar molecules must be analyzed independently in a single sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gros
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Cedex 2, Orléans, France; Shimadzu France, Le luzard 2, Bat A, Bd Salvador Allende Noisiel, Marne-la-Vallée 77448, France
| | - Marta Wolniaczyk
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Cedex 2, Orléans, France; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Johanna Duval
- Shimadzu France, Le luzard 2, Bat A, Bd Salvador Allende Noisiel, Marne-la-Vallée 77448, France
| | - Shinnosuke Horie
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan; Shimadzu Europa Gmbh, Albert-Hahn-Straße 6, Duisburg 47269, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Funada
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Caroline West
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Cedex 2, Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Lesellier
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, Rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Cedex 2, Orléans, France
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Milovanovic S, Grzegorczyk A, Świątek Ł, Grzęda A, Dębczak A, Tyskiewicz K, Konkol M. A Novel Strategy for the Separation of Functional Oils from Chamomile Seeds. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023; 16:1-16. [PMID: 37363382 PMCID: PMC9970133 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the oils from chamomile seeds as a new source of bioactive compounds suitable for human consumption. A green extraction technique with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) at pressures up to 450 bar and temperatures up to 60 °C was employed for the production of a high amount of biologically active oil. Additionally, exhausted waste material was re-extracted using sc-CO2 with the addition of ethanol. By optimization in operating pressure, temperature, production cost, fraction of milled seeds, and co-solvent addition, the amount of separated chamomile oil increased from 2.4 to 18.6% and the content of unsaturated fatty acids up to 88.7%. Oils contained α-bisabolol oxide A and B in amounts up to 1.4%. Linoleic acid was detected in an amount up to 711.1 mg/g and α-linolenic acid up to 27.5 mg/g. The total phenolic content in separated oil reached 80.4 mg GAE/g while the total flavonoid content reached 11.6 mg QE/g. The obtained chamomile oils showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 of up to 3.9 mg/mL. Among the 23 tested microorganisms, the antimicrobial activity of oils was the most pronounced against Gram-positive bacteria. The cytotoxic activity of oils was tested on normal and cancer-derived cell lines. Results indicated a significant potential for oil from chamomile seeds, produced in an eco-friendly manner, as a functional food. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11947-023-03038-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoja Milovanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Grzęda
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyskiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Konkol
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
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