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Jacobson E, Morton JM, Woerde DJ, Thompson MF, Spillane AM, Tebb A, Della Valle Z, Birnie G, Malik R. Clinical features, outcomes, and long-term survival times of cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 50 cases (2000-2020). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:246-257. [PMID: 36434766 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical findings and outcomes of Australian cats and dogs with CNS cryptococcosis. ANIMALS 19 cats and 31 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. PROCEDURES A case series and cohort study were performed using the same 50 animals. Both studies were multi-institutional and both retrospective and prospective. Disease features were compared between cats and dogs, and associations between putative risk factors and survival time (ST) were assessed. RESULTS Dogs were younger at initial presentation than cats and had lower latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination titers. Extraneurologic signs were common and frequently involved sinonasal and contiguous tissues. Neuroanatomic localization was predominantly forebrain, central vestibular (including cerebellum), multifocal, or diffuse. CSF analysis predominantly showed pleocytosis, with eosinophilic inflammation common in dogs. Seventy-eight percent (39/50) of patients received antifungal treatment. Median STs (from presentation) in treated patients were 1,678 days for cats and 679 days for dogs. Abnormal mentation at presentation (in dogs) and CSF collection (in cats) were associated with shorter STs. In treated dogs, those that received glucocorticoids prior to diagnosis, or single rather than multiple antifungal agents, had shorter STs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prognosis for feline and canine CNS cryptococcosis is guarded, yet long STs are possible with appropriate treatment. Presence of subtle upper respiratory tract signs may suggest cryptococcosis in patients with neurologic signs, while the absence of neurologic signs does not preclude CNS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Jacobson
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Dennis J Woerde
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush West, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary F Thompson
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, The Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda M Spillane
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Queensland Veterinary Specialists, Stafford, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Tebb
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Success, WA, Australia
| | - Zoe Della Valle
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, Glen Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Birnie
- 8Department of Internal Medicine, Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- 9Centre for Veterinary Education, Veterinary Science Conference Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Headley SA, Pimentel LA, Michelazzo MZ, Toma HS, Pretto-Giordano LG, Marcasso RA, Amude AM, Oliveira TE, Santos MD, Krockenberger M. Pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings in pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a goat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:69-73. [PMID: 30541419 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718816358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings associated with pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a 3-y-old, mixed-breed, nanny goat from central-west Brazil. The goat had progressive neurologic signs over 30 d; cryptococcosis was diagnosed antemortem by cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment was initiated, but the animal died spontaneously shortly thereafter. Grossly, there was a large space-occupying gelatinous mass (cryptococcoma) in the left lung and smaller masses in the cerebral temporal and frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, basal nuclei, and mesencephalon with consequent internal hydrocephalus. Histologic evaluation revealed marked granulomatous cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Intralesional narrow-necked budding cryptococcal yeasts were identified on special stains (Mayer mucicarmine and Grocott methenamine silver) in sections of lung and brain. Immunohistochemistry utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies that selectively label capsules of Cryptococcus spp. was consistent with C. neoformans var. grubii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn A Headley
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Luciano A Pimentel
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Mariana Z Michelazzo
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Hugo S Toma
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Lucienne G Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Rogério A Marcasso
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Alexandre M Amude
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Thalita E Oliveira
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Marcelo D Santos
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
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