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Kopke MA, Diane Shelton G, Lyons LA, Wall MJ, Pemberton S, Gedye KR, Owen R, Guo LT, Buckley RM, Valencia JA, Jones BR. X-linked myotubular myopathy associated with an MTM1 variant in a Maine coon cat. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1800-1805. [PMID: 35962713 PMCID: PMC9511081 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Describe the clinical course and diagnostic and genetic findings in a cat with X‐linked myotubular myopathy. Case Summary A 7‐month‐old male Maine coon was evaluated for progressively worsening gait abnormalities and generalized weakness. Neurolocalization was to the neuromuscular system. Genetic testing for spinal muscular atrophy (LIX1) was negative. Given the progressive nature and suspected poor long‐term prognosis, the owners elected euthanasia. Histopathology of skeletal muscle obtained post‐mortem disclosed numerous rounded atrophic or hypotrophic fibers with internal nuclei or central basophilic staining. Using oxidative reactions mediated by cytochrome C oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, scattered myofibers were observed to have central dark staining structures and a “ring‐like” appearance. Given the cat's age and clinical history, a congenital myopathy was considered most likely, with the central nuclei and “ring‐like” changes consistent with either centronuclear or myotubular myopathy. Whole genome sequencing identified an underlying missense variant in myotubularin 1 (MTM1), a known candidate gene for X‐linked myotubular myopathy. New or Unique Information Provided This case is the first report of X‐linked myotubular myopathy in a cat with an MTM1 missense mutation. Maine coon cat breeders may consider screening for this variant to prevent production of affected cats and to eradicate the variant from the breeding population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kopke
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Veterinary Nutrition Group, Le Fel, France
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Meredith J Wall
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Veterinary Nutrition Group, Le Fel, France
| | - Sarah Pemberton
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kristene R Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Owen
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Juan A Valencia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Boyd R Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gunther M, Jaffey JA, Evans J, Paige C. Case Report: Persistent Moderate-to-Severe Creatine Kinase Enzyme Activity Elevation in a Subclinical Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:757294. [PMID: 34760961 PMCID: PMC8573117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.757294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old, male-castrated, mixed breed dog was presented for a routine wellness examination at which time a moderate increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity (hyperCKemia) (15,137 IU/L; reference interval 10–200 IU/L), and moderate increases in alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activities were first identified. There was no history of clinical abnormalities (e.g., lethargy, lameness, anorexia, dysphagia, weakness, gait abnormalities, or exercise intolerance) and the physical examination was unremarkable. The dog was screened for several relevant potential infectious diseases known to cause inflammatory myopathies and was treated empirically with clindamycin. The serum total CK enzyme activity remained increased, which prompted recommendations for an echocardiogram, electromyogram (EMG), and muscle biopsy acquisition. The echocardiogram and electrocardiographic monitoring were unremarkable. The EMG and muscle biopsies were declined by the owner. The dog was evaluated several times in the subsequent 5 years and remained subclinical with unremarkable physical examinations despite a persistent moderate-to-severe hyperCKemia. Differential diagnoses considered most likely in this dog were an occult/latent hereditary muscular dystrophic disorder or idiopathic hyperCKemia, a phenomenon not yet reported in the veterinary literature. This report describes for the first time, clinical and diagnostic features of a subclinical dog with persistent moderate-to-severe hyperCKemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gunther
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jason Evans
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher Paige
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States.,Valley Veterinary Cardiology, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Protein Expression of Canine and Feline Muscular Dystrophies. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 42:100500. [PMID: 33249241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies in dogs and cats represent a heterogeneous group of inherited, sometimes congenital, but infrequently diagnosed, progressive neuromuscular disorders. A correct identification and characterization of canine and feline muscular dystrophies could increase diagnostic and treatment strategies for veterinary neurologists and could identify useful animal models for the study of human dystrophies. However, in dogs and cats, diagnosis of muscular dystrophies is challenging due to a nonspecific clinical phenotype and pathological lesions, thus is most likely underestimated. We performed immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques using a wide panel of antibodies against proteins involved in human dystrophies (dystrophin mid-rod and carboxyterminal domain, α, β, γ, and δ-sarcoglycan, α-dystroglycan, caveolin-3, emerin, merosin, dysferlin, calpain-3, spectrin epitopes), on 9 canine and 3 feline muscle biopsies characterized by myopathic changes. Dystrophin deficiency was detected in 3 dogs and 2 novel canine muscular dystrophies have been identified, characterized by deficiency of caveolin-3 and calpain-3, respectively. In 2 cats, deficiency of β-SG and carboxyterminal domain of dystrophin in all muscle fibers has been detected. Performing immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses with a wider panel of antibodies allowed a correct identification of muscular dystrophies in dogs and cats and provides a direction for subsequent targeted genetic testing.
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Salvadori C, Vezzosi T, Marchetti V, Cantile C. Polyarteritis Nodosa in a Cat with Involvement of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. J Comp Pathol 2018; 167:6-11. [PMID: 30898299 PMCID: PMC7089612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An 18-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of pyrexia, polyuria and polydypsia, and transient episodes of bilateral hindlimb paralysis. Cardiac evaluation revealed severe systemic hypertension and severe concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. One month later the cat had a new episode of hindlimb paralysis with recurrent seizures, and died in status epilepticus. At necropsy examination, the coronary arteries, arcuate renal arteries and common iliac arteries showed marked thickening with nodules segmentally located along the vessels and consequent narrowing of the lumina. Histologically, acute and chronic inflammatory infiltration of the vascular walls was associated with necrosis of the muscular layer. Lesions were consistent with polyarteritis nodosa and involved the small, medium and large arteries of the heart, kidneys, small and large intestine, mesentery, liver and thyroid. Multifocal meningeal vasculitis associated with focal infarction of the frontal lobe and necrotizing vascular polyneuropathy were detected. Involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems in polyarteritis nodosa is a novel finding in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salvadori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy.
| | - T Vezzosi
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario 'M. Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Marchetti
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario 'M. Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy
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