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Endogenous lipid pneumonia associated with atherosclerosis in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:130-134. [PMID: 36827729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous lipid pneumonia is a rare inflammatory, non-infectious lung disease characterized by the accumulation of endogenous lipids in alveolar macrophages. It has been associated with bronchial obstruction, chronic lung inflammation, alveolar proteinosis and lipid storage disorders. A 14-year-old female blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) presented with intermittent dyspnoea, neurological signs and persistent lipaemia of unknown aetiology. At necropsy, the most relevant gross findings were increased rigidity of the great vessels, lungs with diffuse grey to whitish discolouration of the parenchyma and multifocal small yellowish nodules. Microscopic examination revealed typical lesions of atherosclerosis and severe multifocal accumulation of foamy macrophages filling the parabronchi, which led to a diagnosis of endogenous lipid pneumonia. Although the relationship between dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and endogenous lipid pneumonia in birds is not well established, the chronic dyslipidaemia of unknown origin could be involved in the pathogenesis of both the atherosclerosis and the endogenous lipid pneumonia. The present case highlights the need to better understand the relationships between various disorders of lipid metabolism in psittacine birds.
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Silva GF, Rêma A, Teixeira S, Pires MDA, Taulescu M, Amorim I. Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1361. [PMID: 35681825 PMCID: PMC9179541 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pathologies that affect hedgehogs are diagnosed postmortem; thus, it is essential to share knowledge between clinicians and pathologists in order to recognize predispositions to diseases and to establish adequate diagnostic and therapeutic plans. This study aimed to describe the most relevant postmortem pathological conditions in a group of six rescued African pygmy hedgehogs, performed over a period of four months. Hedgehogs were submitted to necropsy examinations and subsequent histopathological analyses. Microscopically, all the studied hedgehogs revealed alterations in one or more organ systems. Although a significant and diverse number of pathological conditions were obtained, this study focused on less common or more relevant pathologies found in African pygmy hedgehogs-namely, wobbly hedgehog syndrome, squamous cell carcinoma and mast cell tumors. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first report of Mycobacterium spp. in hedgehogs in Portugal, the second report of follicular thyroid carcinoma in an African pygmy hedgehog, the description of a lipoid pneumonia for the first time in this species and a lung adenocarcinoma-a pathology rarely reported in African pygmy hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernandes Silva
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (A.R.); (S.T.)
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (A.R.); (S.T.)
| | - Sílvia Teixeira
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (A.R.); (S.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho Nr. 45, 4200-804 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria dos Anjos Pires
- Center of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Synevovet Laboratory, Industriilor Street, No. 25, Chiajna, Ilfov County, 077040 Chiajna, Romania
| | - Irina Amorim
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (A.R.); (S.T.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho Nr. 45, 4200-804 Porto, Portugal
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Zwart P, Samour J. The avian respiratory system and its noninfectious ailments: A review. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pérez-Accino J, Liuti T, Pecceu E, Cazzini P. Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with pulmonary neoplasia in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:223-228. [PMID: 31943233 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous lipoid pneumonia is a poorly characterised condition in veterinary medicine, particularly in dogs, but it is well recognised in association with lung neoplasia in humans. This case series describes three unique cases of endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with lung neoplasia, including clinical, imaging, cytological findings and outcome. Clinical presentation and imaging lesions can appear non-specific and may be obscured by neoplastic infiltrate and so diagnosis requires cytology or histopathology. Awareness of endogenous lipoid pneumonia in dogs with pulmonary neoplasia has an impact on staging and monitoring, treatment of clinical signs and quality of life and also aids appropriate use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Accino
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - T Liuti
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - E Pecceu
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - P Cazzini
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
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Beaufrère H, Reavill D, Heatley J, Susta L. Lipid-Related Lesions in Quaker Parrots (Myiopsitta monachus). Vet Pathol 2018; 56:282-288. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Quaker parrot has been used as a psittacine model to study clinical lipidology and lipid-related disorders. However, while Quaker parrots appear to be anecdotally susceptible to a variety of spontaneous dyslipidemic disorders and lesions caused by excess lipid accumulation, epidemiologic data are lacking. A multicenter retrospective study on 652 pathology submissions (411 necropsies and 243 biopsies) from Quaker parrots was performed by recording the final pathological diagnoses, age, and sex for each bird. The prevalence of lesions associated with lipid metabolism, such as hepatic lipidosis, atherosclerosis, xanthomas, adipose tumors, coelomic steatitis/steatonecrosis, endogenous lipid pneumonia, and acute pancreatic necrosis/pancreatitis, was reported. Multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize the effects of sex and age on these lesions, and the prevalence of hepatic lipidosis and atherosclerosis was compared to those in a random sample of control psittacine birds. The raw prevalence of atherosclerosis and hepatic lipidosis was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4%–7.8%) and 21.2% (95% CI, 17.2%–25.1%), respectively. While the prevalence of atherosclerosis was similar to other psittacine species, hepatic lipidosis was more common in Quaker parrots. Quaker parrots also showed a unique susceptibility to acute pancreatic necrosis with a prevalence of 12.9% (95% CI, 9.7%–16.1%). Male parrots were found to be more susceptible than females to lipid accumulation lesions ( P = .0024), including atherosclerosis ( P = .018) and hepatic lipidosis ( P < .001). This retrospective study confirms the high susceptibility of Quaker parrots to lipid-related disorders and presents epidemiological data that may be useful to avian clinicians, pathologists, and researchers using Quaker parrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jill Heatley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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