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Zhou S, Wang Y, Jacoby JJ, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Effects of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6599-6607. [PMID: 28704610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is related to an increasing risk of chronic diseases. Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) have been recognized as a promising choice to reduce body weight. In this study, three MLCT with different contents of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) (10-30%, w/w) were prepared, and their effects on lipid metabolism and fecal gut microbiota composition of C57BL/6J mice were systematically investigated. MLCT with 30% (w/w) MCFA showed the best performance in decreasing body weight gain as well as optimizing serum lipid parameters and liver triacylglycerol content. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes for fatty acid degradation increased markedly and expression levels of genes encoding enzymes for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis decreased significantly in the liver of mice treated with MLCT containing 30% (w/w) MCFA. Interestingly, the dietary intake of a high fat diet containing MLCT did significantly decrease the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and down-regulate the relative abundance of Proteobacteria that may attribute to weight loss. Furthermore, we found a notable increase in the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in feces of mice on a MLCT containing diet. All these results may be concomitantly responsible for the antiobesity effect of MLCT with relatively high contents of MCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhou
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueqiang Wang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. , Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jörg J Jacoby
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. , Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. , Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Omotosho OO, Ayoade GO, Emikpe BO, Adediran OA, Uwalaka EC. Identification of predisposing and risk factors associated with gastric lesions in pigs. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Junginger J, Hansmann F, Herder V, Lehmbecker A, Peters M, Beyerbach M, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W. Pathology in Captive Wild Felids at German Zoological Gardens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130573. [PMID: 26086731 PMCID: PMC4472349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study provides an overview on spontaneous diseases occurring in 38 captive wild felids submitted for necropsy by German zoological gardens between 2004 and 2013. Species included 18 tigers, 8 leopards, 7 lions, 3 cheetahs and 2 cougars with an age ranging from 0.5 to 22 years. Renal lesions, predominantly tubular alterations (intra-tubular concrements, tubular degeneration, necrosis, intra-tubular cellular debris, proteinaceous casts, dilated tubuli) followed by interstitial (lympho-plasmacytic inflammation, fibrosis, metastatic-suppurative inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation) and glomerular lesions (glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis) were detected in 33 out of 38 animals (87%). Tumors were found in 19 of 38 felids (50%) with 12 animals showing more than one neoplasm. The tumor prevalence increased with age. Neoplasms originated from endocrine (11), genital (8), lympho-hematopoietic (5) and alimentary organs (4) as well as the mesothelium (3). Most common neoplasms comprised uterine/ovarian leiomyomas (5/2), thyroid adenomas/adenocarcinoma (5/1), pleural mesotheliomas (3), hemangiosarcomas (2) and glossal papillomas (2). Inflammatory changes were frequently encountered in the intestine and the lung. Two young animals displayed metastatic mineralization suggestive of a vitamin D- or calcium intoxication. One tiger exhibited degenerative white matter changes consistent with an entity termed large felid leukoencephalomyelopathy. Various hyperplastic, degenerative and inflammatory changes with minor clinical significance were found in several organs. Summarized, renal lesions followed by neoplastic changes as well as inflammatory changes in lung and gastrointestinal tract represent the most frequent findings in captive wild felids living in German zoological gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westphalia, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
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