1
|
Semenova V, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Wolking RM, Choi EA. Facial and systemic mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a goat: case report and literature review of fungal infections in goats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:463-467. [PMID: 38465904 PMCID: PMC11110776 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241236751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An 8-y-old Pygora doe was presented to the University of California-Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of non-healing facial swelling of 2-wk duration. The lesion grew despite medical treatment, causing discomfort masticating, little-to-no airflow from the right nasal passage, and led to euthanasia. On gross examination, a large facial mass with a draining tract through the skin and hard palate was identified. On section, the mass was brown-pink, homogeneous, and friable. Abscess-like masses were identified in the lungs and kidney. Histopathology of the face, including oral and nasal cavities, salivary glands, and lymph nodes, as well as the lung and kidney lesions, revealed large areas of necrosis with numerous wide ribbon-like, mostly aseptate, fungal hyphae consistent with zygomycetes. PCR for fungal organisms performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from the face identified Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera) of the order Mucorales and an Aspergillus sp. The lesion was suspected to have started either as a fungal rhinitis or dental feed impaction, subsequently spreading to the face and systemically to the lungs and kidney. We describe here the lesions associated with facial mucormycosis in a goat and present a literature review of L. corymbifera infection in veterinary species and fungal infections in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Semenova
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Wolking
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eunju April Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leschke D. A novel case of cutaneous, nasal and systemic fusariosis in a goat. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:74-79. [PMID: 38049199 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical findings associated with nasal, cutaneous and systemic fusariosis in a 3-year-old billy Boer goat are summarised. The clinical features, treatment, postmortem findings and laboratory diagnostics are reported and discussed in the context of existing knowledge on mycoses of small ruminants. The goat presented primarily for respiratory signs (inspiratory dyspnoea) with unilateral left-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge, and multifocal variably ulcerative and necrotic cutaneous nodules. Histopathology of nasal and cutaneous biopsies revealed necrotising pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional septate hyphal elements that correlated with culture of Fusarium oxysporum. The patient continued to deteriorate clinically during treatment with oxytetracycline and meloxicam, with the addition of sodium iodide and potassium iodide, and was humanely euthanased. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal nodular lesions throughout the kidneys, abdominal lymph nodes and lungs. These lesions were consistent with those identified antemortem from which F. oxysporum was cultured. Although treatment was unsuccessful, to the author's knowledge, no instance of rhinofacial or systemic caprine infection with Fusarium spp. has been documented in the veterinary literature, making this the first recognised instance of this form of infection in small ruminant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhz Leschke
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ramos MG, Walker RT, Stranahan LW. Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:812-828. [PMID: 37222139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ubiali DG, Pereira AHB, Boabaid FM, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Campos CG, Colodel EM, Pescador CA, Riet-Correa F. Successful potassium iodide treatment for rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. J Mycol Med 2021; 32:101233. [PMID: 34902797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythiosis in sheep is an important disease in Brazil, which could cause rhinitis, dermatitis and alimentary tract inflammation. It is caused by the aquatic oomycete, Pythium insidiosum. The rhinofacial pythiosis causes facial deformity and upper respiratory tract clinical signs associated with necroproliferative masses occupying the rostral nasal cavity and hard palate. Little is known regarding the therapy, prophylaxis and pathogenesis of this disease. METHODOLOGY During the 6-year study, we examined 13 sheep presenting rhinofacial pythiosis. The diagnosis was performed through biopsy of the rhinofacial lesions followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against P insidiosum, polymerase chain reaction and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS This study presents the clinical findings of a potassium iodide treatment of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. All sheep were treated with 10 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution, administered orally every day during 63-120 (mean 85) days. Among treated sheep, 84.6% demonstrated complete recovery. CONCLUSION Potassium iodide therapy may treat rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Ubiali
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-001, Brazil.
| | - Asheley H B Pereira
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-001, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Boabaid
- Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó, TA 45000, Uruguay
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Camila G Campos
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Edson M Colodel
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Pescador
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:826-834. [PMID: 32921278 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720958338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We review herein infections by Conidiobolus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. in sheep and goats. Conidiobolus spp. are common causes of rhinitis in sheep and are less frequent in goats, in which Conidiobolus spp. also cause skin lesions. Cryptococcus spp. cause rhinitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia in goats, and are rarely observed in sheep. Aspergillus spp. may cause rhinitis in goats, and pneumonia and mastitis in sheep and goats. Gross and microscopic lesions caused by these 3 fungal infections may be similar to each other. The diagnosis of these diseases must be based on gross and microscopic lesions, coupled with detection of the agent by immunohistochemical, molecular, and/or culture-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Silva do Carmo
- Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural (CSTR), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA
| | - Pedro M O Pedroso
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Nacional de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silva da Costa L, Santiani F, Marian L, Spanamberg A, Pisetta NL, Grima de Cristo T, Ferreiro L, Casagrande RA. Necrotizing Tracheobronchitis Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a Cow. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:165-169. [PMID: 32359632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a cow. A 4-year-old Jersey cow was submitted for necropsy examination. Grossly, the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi was diffusely reddened and was covered by a moderate amount of yellow, caseous material, sometimes with small foci of grey 'cotton-like' appearance, suggestive of filamentous fungus. Microscopical analysis of the trachea and bronchi showed marked diffuse mucosal and submucosal necrosis with a large amount of cellular debris, fibrinous exudation and inflammatory infiltration dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. There were large numbers of septate fungal hyphae with acute bifurcation angles and conidia and vesicles typical of Aspergillus spp. that were stained by the Grocott method. A. fumigatus growth in mycological culture from the trachea and bronchi was confirmed by molecular identification. Tracheobronchitis caused by A. fumigatus infection in cattle is poorly described and requires further research to improve the therapeutic management of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Silva da Costa
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luís de Camões, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Brazil
| | - F Santiani
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luís de Camões, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Brazil
| | - L Marian
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luís de Camões, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Brazil
| | - A Spanamberg
- Mycology Section, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - N L Pisetta
- Predileto Dairy Factory, Willy Fritsche Ltda, Saltinho, Pouso Redondo, Brazil
| | - T Grima de Cristo
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luís de Camões, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Brazil
| | - L Ferreiro
- Mycology Section, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R A Casagrande
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luís de Camões, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|