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Borobia M, De Las Heras M, Godino J, Ferrer LM, Lacasta D, Loste A, Ramos JJ, Ortín A. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus found in milk macrophages but not in milk lymphocytes or mammary gland epithelia of naturally infected sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:112-115. [PMID: 34404281 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211039196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. JSRV can be transmitted via infected colostrum or milk, which contain somatic cells (SCs) harboring JSRV provirus. Nevertheless, the cell types involved in this form of transmission and the involvement of the mammary gland remain unknown. We separated adherent cells (macrophages and monocytes) by plastic adherence, and lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) by flow cytometry, from SCs in milk samples from 12 naturally infected, PCR blood test JSRV-positive, subclinical ewes. These cell populations were tested by PCR to detect JSRV provirus. The ewes were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to detect JSRV surface protein. We did not detect JSRV provirus in any milk lymphocyte population, but milk adherent cells were positive in 3 of 12 sheep, suggesting a potential major role of this population in the lactogenic transmission of JSRV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal positive results in mammary epithelial cells, pointing to a lack of participation of the mammary gland in the biological cycle of JSRV and reducing the probability of excretion of free viral particles in colostrum or milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borobia
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcelo De Las Heras
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Godino
- Servicio de Separación Celular y Citometría, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis M Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Araceli Loste
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan J Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
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Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020381. [PMID: 33546178 PMCID: PMC7913119 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We review three neoplastic wasting diseases affecting sheep generally recorded under common production cycles and with epidemiological and economic relevance in sheep-rearing countries: small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA), ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) and enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA). SIA is prevalent in Australia and New Zealand but present elsewhere in the world. This neoplasia is a tubular or signet-ring adenocarcinoma mainly located in the middle or distal term of the small intestine. Predisposing factors and aetiology are not known, but genetic factors or environmental carcinogens may be involved. OPA is a contagious lung cancer caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and has been reported in most sheep-rearing countries, resulting in significant economic losses. The disease is clinically characterized by a chronic respiratory process as a consequence of the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is based on the detection of JSRV in the tumour lesion by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In vivo diagnosis may be difficult, mainly in preclinical cases. ENA is a neoplasia of glands of the nasal mucosa and is associated with enzootic nasal tumour virus 1 (ENTV-1), which is similar to JSRV. ENA enzootically occurs in many countries of the world with the exception of Australia and New Zealand. The pathology associated with this neoplasia corresponds with a space occupying lesion histologically characterized as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The combination of PCR and immunohistochemistry for diagnosis is advised.
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De Las Heras M, Reséndiz RA, González-Sáinz JM, Ortín A. Exogenous Small Ruminant Betaretrovirus Envelope Protein Is Detected in Draining Lymph Nodes in Contagious Respiratory Tumors of Sheep and Goats. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:361-368. [PMID: 33357120 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contagious respiratory tumors of sheep and goats are epithelial neoplasms of the lung and nasal cavities. They are associated with oncogenic betaretroviruses known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor retrovirus of sheep and goats. We investigated the presence of the envelope protein (ENV) of these retroviruses in retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes using a specific monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry methods, single-labeled or combined with ovine B or T lymphocytes or macrophage cell markers. Samples of lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and zinc fixative, were obtained from paraffin-embedded material. Four groups of samples were used: 24 natural cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), 13 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of sheep (ENAS), 19 of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats (ENAG), and 14 control samples. ENV was detected by single labeling in cortical lymphoid follicles. Six of 24 OPA samples were positive and only in those from sheep with extensive neoplasia. Immunolabeling was detected in 5/13 ENAS and 10/19 ENAG samples. Positive labeling was found either in the intercellular spaces, membranes, or cytoplasm of cells in follicles. Control samples were not correspondingly labeled. Double immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-labeling of ENV and CD21 (B cells and follicular dendritic cells) in all samples, CD14 (macrophage) in OPA samples, and Pax-5 (B cells) in ENAG samples, but not with CD8 or CD4 (T lymphocytes). These results demonstrate the presence of betaretrovirus ENV proteins in nontumor cells in regional lymph nodes in sheep and goats with contagious respiratory tumors.
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Toma C, Bâlteanu VA, Tripon S, Trifa A, Rema A, Amorim I, Pop RM, Popa R, Catoi C, Taulescu M. Exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus type 2 (exJSRV2) related to ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Romania: prevalence, anatomical forms, pathological description, immunophenotyping and virus identification. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:296. [PMID: 32807166 PMCID: PMC7433209 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a neoplastic disease caused by exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). The prevalence of JSRV-related OPA in Eastern European countries, including Romania is unknown. We aimed to investigate: the prevalence and morphological features of OPA (classical and atypical forms) in the Transylvania region (Romania), the immunophenotype of the pulmonary tumors and their relationships with exJSRV infection. A total of 2693 adult ewes slaughtered between 2017 and 2019 in two private slaughterhouses from Transylvania region (Romania) was evaluated. Lung tumors were subsequently assessed by cytology, histology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA testing. RESULTS Out of 2693 examined sheep, 34 had OPA (1.26% prevalence). The diaphragmatic lobes were the most affected. Grossly, the classical OPA was identified in 88.24% of investigated cases and the atypical OPA in 11.76% that included solitary myxomatous nodules. Histopathology results confirmed the presence of OPA in all suspected cases, which were classified into acinar and papillary types. Myxoid growths (MGs) were diagnosed in 6 classical OPA cases and in 2 cases of atypical form. Lung adenocarcinoma was positive for MCK and TTF-1, and MGs showed immunoreaction for Vimentin, Desmin and SMA; Ki67 expression of classical OPA was higher than atypical OPA and MGs. JSRV-MA was identified by IHC (94.11%) in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of OPA. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy also confirmed the JSRV within the neoplastic cells. ExJSRV was identified by PCR in 97.05% of analyzed samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the exJSRV type 2 (MT809678.1) in Romanian sheep affected by lung cancer and showed a high similarity with the UK strain (AF105220.1). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed for the first time in Romania the presence of exJSRV in naturally occurring OPA in sheep. Additionally, we described the first report of atypical OPA in Romania, and to the best of our knowledge, in Eastern Europe. Finally, we showed that MGs have a myofibroblastic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Toma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Adrian Bâlteanu
- Laboratory of Genomics, Biodiversity, Animal Breeding and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Septiumiu Tripon
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, "C. Crăciun" Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Trifa
- Department of Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Genetics, "Ion Chiricuta" Cancer Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Rema
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr.228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr.228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Popa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Laboratory of Genomics, Biodiversity, Animal Breeding and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Transcriptional Response of Ovine Lung to Infection with Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00876-19. [PMID: 31434729 PMCID: PMC6803282 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00876-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the etiologic agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a neoplastic lung disease of sheep. OPA is an important economic and welfare issue for sheep farmers and a valuable naturally occurring animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptional response of ovine lung tissue to infection by JSRV. We identified 1,971 ovine genes differentially expressed in JSRV-infected lung compared to noninfected lung, including many genes with roles in carcinogenesis and immunomodulation. The differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A key finding was the activation of anterior gradient 2, yes-associated protein 1, and amphiregulin in OPA tumor cells, indicating a role for this oncogenic pathway in OPA. In addition, there was differential expression of genes related to innate immunity, including genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, and complement system proteins. In contrast, there was little evidence for the upregulation of genes involved in T-cell immunity. Many genes related to macrophage function were also differentially expressed, reflecting the increased abundance of these cells in OPA-affected lung tissue. Comparison of the genes differentially regulated in OPA with the transcriptional changes occurring in human lung cancer revealed important similarities and differences between OPA and human lung adenocarcinoma. This study provides valuable new information on the pathogenesis of OPA and strengthens the use of this naturally occurring animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma.IMPORTANCE Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a chronic respiratory disease of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). OPA is a significant economic problem for sheep farmers in many countries and is a valuable animal model for some forms of human lung cancer. Here, we examined the changes in host gene expression that occur in the lung in response to JSRV infection. We identified a large number of genes with altered expression in infected lung, including factors with roles in cancer and immune system function. We also compared the data from OPA to previously published data from human lung adenocarcinoma and found a large degree of overlap in the genes that were dysregulated. The results of this study provide exciting new avenues for future studies of OPA and may have comparative relevance for understanding human lung cancer.
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Gray ME, Meehan J, Sullivan P, Marland JRK, Greenhalgh SN, Gregson R, Clutton RE, Ward C, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ, Murray A, Argyle D. Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Unique Model to Improve Lung Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2019; 9:335. [PMID: 31106157 PMCID: PMC6498990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a major worldwide health concern; although advances in patient management have improved outcomes for some patients, overall 5-year survival rates are only around 15%. In vitro studies and mouse models are commonly used to study lung cancer and their use has increased the molecular understanding of the disease. Unfortunately, mouse models are poor predictors of clinical outcome and seldom mimic advanced stages of the human disease. Animal models that more accurately reflect human disease are required for progress to be made in improving treatment outcomes and prognosis. Similarities in pulmonary anatomy and physiology potentially make sheep better models for studying human lung function and disease. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer that is caused by the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The disease is endemic in many countries throughout the world and has several features in common with human lung adenocarcinomas, including histological classification and activation of common cellular signaling pathways. Here we discuss the in vivo and in vitro OPA models that are currently available and describe the advantages of using pre-clinical naturally occurring OPA cases as a translational animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. The challenges and options for obtaining these OPA cases for research purposes, along with their use in developing novel techniques for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents or for monitoring the tumor microenvironment in response to treatment, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sullivan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R. K. Marland
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N. Greenhalgh
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Gregson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eddie Clutton
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Singh R, Singh S, Singh R, Varshney R, Dhama K, Kumari S, Singh K, Dar JA, Kashyap G, Kamdi B, Kumar P, Singh V. Patho-Epidemiological study of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection in the sheep and goats population, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1559422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - K.P Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Javeed Ahmad Dar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Kashyap
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bhupesh Kamdi
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Borobia M, De Las Heras M, Ramos JJ, Ferrer LM, Lacasta D, De Martino A, Fernández A, Loste A, Marteles D, Ortín A. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Can Reach Peyer's Patches and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Lambs Nursed by Infected Mothers. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1172-1179. [PMID: 27154541 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816641993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung cancer of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). It is generally accepted that transmission by the respiratory route occurs under natural conditions. However recent studies strongly indicate that JSRV can also be transmitted to lambs perinatally via colostrum and milk (C/M). The aim of this work was to confirm that C/M can transmit JSRV infection to lambs under natural conditions and investigate the initial events associated with this transmission route. We have analyzed the presence of JSRV in C/M samples from 22 naturally infected, asymptomatic ewes throughout a lactation period, and in various tissues collected from a group of 36 of their lambs that were fed naturally. The lambs were euthanized at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours and at 5 and 10 days after birth. We detected JSRV-provirus by PCR in the somatic C/M cells from 10/22 ewes (45.45%). The virus was also detected in 9/36 lambs (25%). JSRV-infected cells, with lymphoreticular-like morphology, were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in Peyer's patches (PP) from the small intestine of the youngest lambs and in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) from lambs older than 72 hours. The virus was also detected by PCR in white blood cells (WBC) in 2/36 lambs (5.5%). These results confirm colostral transmission of JSRV to lambs under natural conditions. Infected lymphoreticular cells contained in C/M appear to be involved. These cells can cross the intestinal barrier of newborn lambs, reach the MLN and enter into circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borobia
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M De Las Heras
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L M Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Lacasta
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A De Martino
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Loste
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Marteles
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Ortín
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Youssef G, Wallace WAH, Dagleish MP, Cousens C, Griffiths DJ. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a large animal model for human lung cancer. ILAR J 2016; 56:99-115. [PMID: 25991702 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this disease has resulted in novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific groups of patients. Further studies are required to provide additional advances in diagnosis and treatment. Animal models are valuable tools for studying oncogenesis in lung cancer, particularly during the early stages of disease where tissues are rarely available from human cases. Mice have traditionally been used for studying lung cancer in vivo, and a variety of spontaneous and transgenic models are available. However, it is recognized that other species may also be informative for studies of cancer. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring lung cancer of sheep caused by retrovirus infection and has several features in common with adenocarcinoma of humans, including a similar histological appearance and activation of common cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the size and organization of human lungs are much closer to those of sheep lungs than to those of mice, which facilitates experimental approaches in sheep that are not available in mice. Thus OPA presents opportunities for studying lung tumor development that can complement conventional murine models. Here we describe the potential applications of OPA as a model for human lung adenocarcinoma with an emphasis on the various in vivo and in vitro experimental systems available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Youssef
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William A H Wallace
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Cousens
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Griffiths
- Gehad Youssef, BSc, is a research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. William A. H. Wallace, MBChB(Hons), PhD, FRCPE, FRCPath, is a consultant pathologist at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Honorary Reader in Pathology, Edinburgh University, UK; Mark P. Dagleish BVM&S, PhD, MRCVS, FRCPath, is Head of Pathology at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK. Chris Cousens, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and David J. Griffiths, PhD, is a principal research scientist at the Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Cousens C, Alleaume C, Bijsmans E, Martineau HM, Finlayson J, Dagleish MP, Griffiths DJ. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection of lung slice cultures. Retrovirology 2015; 12:31. [PMID: 25889156 PMCID: PMC4419405 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a transmissible neoplastic disease of sheep. OPA is an economically important veterinary disease and is also a valuable naturally occurring animal model of human lung cancer, with which it shares a similar histological appearance and the activation of common cell signaling pathways. Interestingly, the JSRV Env protein is directly oncogenic and capable of driving cellular transformation in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies of JSRV infection in cell culture have been hindered by the lack of a permissive cell line for the virus. Here, we investigated the ability of JSRV to infect slices of ovine lung tissue cultured ex vivo. Results We describe the use of precision cut lung slices from healthy sheep to study JSRV infection and transformation ex vivo. Following optimization of the culture system we characterized JSRV infection of lung slices and compared the phenotype of infected cells to natural field cases and to experimentally-induced OPA tumors from sheep. JSRV was able to infect cells within lung slices, to produce new infectious virions and induce cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that infected lung slice cells express markers of type II pneumocytes and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. These features closely resemble the phenotype of natural and experimentally-derived OPA in sheep, indicating that lung slice culture provides an authentic ex vivo model of OPA. Conclusions We conclude that we have established an ex vivo model of JSRV infection. This model will be valuable for future studies of JSRV replication and early events in oncogenesis and provides a novel platform for studies of JSRV-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cousens
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Charline Alleaume
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Esther Bijsmans
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Henny M Martineau
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Jeanie Finlayson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David J Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
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