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Ii T, Chambers JK, Uneyama M, Sumi A, Nakayama Y, Tsurita N, Miwa Y, Uchida K. Central nervous system mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in degus ( Octodon degus). Vet Pathol 2024; 61:119-124. [PMID: 37313806 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231179094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Degus (Octodon degus) that were kept at a breeding facility presented with neurological or respiratory symptoms and died. Necropsies were performed on 9 individuals, and no significant gross lesions were found. Histologically, spinal cord necrosis was observed in all 9 cases and granulomatous myelitis in 5 of the 9 cases. Locally extensive necrosis of the brain and encephalitis were observed in 7 of the 9 cases. Acid-fast bacteria were found in the spinal cords, brains, and lungs from all 9 cases. Immunohistochemically, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen was observed in the spinal cords, brains, and lungs from all 9 cases. Double-labeling immunofluorescence revealed M. tuberculosis antigen in IBA1- and myeloperoxidase-immunopositive cells. Extracted genomic DNA from 8 of the 9 cases was successfully amplified with the primers for Mycobacterium genavense ITS1 and hypothetical 21 kDa protein genes, and the polymerase chain reaction products were identified as M. genavense by DNA sequencing. This report highlights the susceptibility of degus to M. genavense infection in the central nervous system.
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Monge E, Garapin B, Lucas MN, Gaide N, Le Loc'h G, Donnelly TM, Delverdier M. Concurrent Mycobacterium genavense infection and intestinal B-cell lymphoma in a pet rabbit (Oryctolaguscuniculus). J Comp Pathol 2023; 204:1-6. [PMID: 37269779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old male intact pet rabbit was evaluated for chronic weight loss. A large mass was detected by palpation in the mid-abdomen and ultrasound examination suggested a jejunal location. Explorative laparotomy revealed a nodular mass within the jejunal wall. Histological examination of a biopsy revealed mycobacterial granulomatous enteritis with an atypical lymphoblastic proliferation suggestive of lymphoma. Neoplastic lymphocytes were immunopositive for Pax-5 but negative for CD3, which is diagnostic of a B-cell neoplasm. Numerous acid-fast bacteria were seen within histiocytes and identified by polymerase chain reaction as Mycobacterium genavense, which is a non-tuberculous and opportunistic mycobacterium with zoonotic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a concurrent B-cell lymphoma and M. genavense infection in a rabbit. Concomitant mycobacteriosis and lymphoma have been rarely described in animals and the coexistence of neoplasia and mycobacterial infection within the jejunum suggests a potential pathogenetic association. Interestingly, the rabbit owner worked in an anti-tuberculosis clinic, and an anthropic origin of the mycobacterial infection could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Monge
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France.
| | - Bénédicte Garapin
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, All. des Vitarelles, Toulouse, 31100, France
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Guillaume Le Loc'h
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
| | - Thomas M Donnelly
- Exotic Animal Service, CHUVA, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Av. du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Zoological Medicine Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Chemin de Capelles, Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT - Toulouse, 31076, Occitanie, France
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Minich DJ, Agrawal A, Kania SA, Hespel AM, Cushing A, Meraz D, Sheldon J. Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): a case report. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:93. [PMID: 35272677 PMCID: PMC8908558 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacteria are found in many environmental conditions and infect a variety of species, including rodents and rabbits. Guinea pigs are used experimentally as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but natural mycobacteriosis in guinea pigs has not been reported. Case presentation A 1.5-year-old female guinea pig was found acutely deceased with no premonitory illness. On gross post-mortem examination, multifocal to coalescing, raised, firm, pale tan nodules with discrete, irregular margins were noted over the surfaces of all lung lobes. Histopathology revealed nodules composed of clustered foamy macrophages and multinucleated giant cells containing numerous bacterial rods. Similar bacteria-laden macrophages were noted within sections of the liver, heart, palpebral conjunctiva, duodenum, and cecum. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on tissues collected during post-mortem examination. The 16S rRNA gene product was sequenced and was identical to the Mycobacterium genavense type strain. Conclusions To the best of the author’s knowledge, this report details the first documented case of Mycobacterium genvaense infection in a guinea pig and a follow up investigation of close-contact animals. Given their experimental susceptibility and this clinical case report, mycobacteriosis should be considered as a differential in guinea pigs exhibiting weight loss in the absence of other clinical signs. With the potential for zoonotic transmission in immunosuppressed individuals, precautions should be taken to safeguard human health in cases of guinea pigs with suspected M. genavense infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Minich
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, TN, 37996, Knoxville, USA
| | - Alea Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Adrien-Maxence Hespel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, TN, 37996, Knoxville, USA
| | - Andrew Cushing
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, TN, 37996, Knoxville, USA
| | - Dory Meraz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, TN, 37996, Knoxville, USA
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, TN, 37996, Knoxville, USA.
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Ardiaca García M, Montesinos Barceló A, Bonvehí Nadeu C, Jekl V. Respiratory Diseases in Guinea Pigs, Chinchillas and Degus. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021; 24:419-457. [PMID: 33892894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease in pet guinea pigs, chinchillas, and degus still face profoundly serious challenges owing to their relatively small size, conspicuous clinical signs, difficulty for sampling, and insufficient scientific evidence to correlate signs and particular pathologies. This article is intended to summarize the available information on the relevant anatomy, physiology, and respiratory pathology in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Montesinos Barceló
- Centro Veterinario Los Sauces, Calle Santa Engracia, 63, Madrid 28010, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Vladimír Jekl
- Small Mammal, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Jekl and Hauptman Veterinary Clinic, Focused on Exotic Companion Mammal Care, Mojmírovo Náměstí 3105/6a, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
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Blume GR, Eloi RSA, Oliveira LB, Moraes ELSC, Seeger MG, Cargnelutti JF, de Sant'Ana FJF. Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Granulomatous Dermatitis in an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Comp Pathol 2020; 182:22-26. [PMID: 33494903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) with a cutaneous nodular lesion on the dorsal surface of the right forelimb was presented for clinical examination. Histopathological findings included granulomatous dermatitis with extensive necrosis. Long and slender acid-fast bacilli were seen within the cytoplasm of macrophages and in extracellular spaces. Bacteriological culture of skin revealed acid-fast bacilli and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection was confirmed by gene sequencing and identity analysis using the BLAST tool. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non-tuberculous granulomatous dermatitis in hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Blume
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia
| | - Rômulo S A Eloi
- Laboratório Histopato-Análise Anatomopatológica Veterinária, Brasilia
| | | | - Elber L S C Moraes
- Clínica Veterinária Mundo Silvestre, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasilia
| | - Marlane G Seeger
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia
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Abstract
Chinchillas have been used mostly as fur animals and as animal models for human ontological diseases and only recently have been recognized as excellent, long-lived, and robust pet rodents. This review aims to provide updated information on emerging disease conditions in pet chinchillas, such as Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, this review article provides updated information on previously documented disorders, such as urolithiasis and middle ear disease, in chinchillas. This article is intended to serve as a complement to the current veterinary reference literature and to provide valuable and clinically relevant information for veterinarians treating chinchillas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martel
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Donnelly
- Exotic Pet Medicine Service, Alfort University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Géneral de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort Cedex 94704, France
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Dequéant B, Pascal Q, Bilbault H, Dagher E, Boschiroli ML, Cordonnier N, Reyes-Gomez E. Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:133-136. [PMID: 30475677 PMCID: PMC6505761 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718812137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-y-old neutered male ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) was presented because of a 1-mo history of progressive weight loss, chronic cough, and hair loss. On clinical examination, the animal was coughing, slightly depressed, moderately hypothermic, and had bilateral epiphora. Thoracic radiography was suggestive of severe multinodular interstitial pneumonia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, followed by routine Romanowsky and Ziehl-Neelsen stains, revealed numerous macrophages containing myriad acid-fast bacilli, leading to identification of mycobacteriosis. Autopsy and histologic examination confirmed the presence of disseminated, poorly defined, acid-fast, bacilli-rich granulomas in the pancreaticoduodenal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and lungs. Destaining of May-Grünwald/Giemsa-stained slides with alcohol, and then restaining with Ziehl-Neelsen, revealed acid-fast rods and avoided repeat tissue sampling without affecting the Ziehl-Neelsen stain quality and cytologic features. Tissue samples were submitted for a PCR assay targeting the heat shock protein gene ( hsp65) and revealed 100% homology with Mycobacterium genavense. We emphasize the use of special stains and PCR for identification of this potential zoonotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Dequéant
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Héloïse Bilbault
- Héloïse Bilbault, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 7 rue du General de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Elie Dagher
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Maria-Laura Boschiroli
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- LHA-Laboniris, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes, France (Dequéant)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d’Histologie, d’Embryologie et d’Anatomie pathologique, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Maisons-Alfort, France (Pascal, Bilbault, Cordonnier, Reyes-Gomez)
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France (Boschiroli)
- Pathology Department, Oniris-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France (Dagher)
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De Lorenzi G, Kamphuisen K, Biscontini G, Pacciarini M, Zanoni M, Luppi A. Mycobacterium genavense Infection in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33:119-121. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schmitz A, Rinder M, Thiel S, Peschel A, Moser K, Reese S, Korbel R. Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Signs and Gross Pathologic Findings in Birds Infected WithMycobacterium genavense. J Avian Med Surg 2018; 32:194-204. [DOI: 10.1647/2017-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Böttcher D, Paar M, Wittenbrink MM, Müller K, Bischofberger L, Schoon HA. Mycobacterium genavense Infection as a Cause of Disseminated Granulomatous Inflammation in a Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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