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Li J, Chen C, Gao L, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang J, Gong Z, Wang J, Guo Y. Analysis of histopathology and changes of major cytokines in the lesions caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:273. [PMID: 38102682 PMCID: PMC10722778 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is one of the main pathogens of sheep pneumonia, causing a series of clinical symptoms, such as depression, anorexia, hyperthermia, cough, dyspnea, and tract secretions. In recent years, the prevalence of M. ovipneumoniae pneumonia has become increasingly serious in sheep farms in Ningxia, China, leading to the death of sheep, and causing significant economic losses. In this study, the pathological organs infected by M. ovipneumoniae were collected to observe histopathological change, to determine the tissue localization of M. ovipneumoniae, and to analyze the cytokine changes, which lays a basis for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of M. ovipneumoniae disease. RESULTS In this study, M. ovipneumoniae was detected in 97 of 105 samples collected from 13 large-scale sheep farms for nucleic acid by PCR. One representative isolate per farm was isolated from 13 farms. The lesions caused by M. ovipneumoniae were mainly in the trachea, bronchus, and lung, including necrosis of tracheal mucosal epithelial cells, disintegration of some epithelial cells, edema of mucosal lamina propria, with inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of epithelial cells of bronchial mucosa, massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space of lung, necrosis and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the proportion of M. ovipneumoniae positive area in the lung was the largest, followed by that in the bronchus and trachea. Compared to healthy animals, diseased animals exhibited up-regulated gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB in the trachea, bronchus, and lungs. In contrast, the expression of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ was primarily limited to the trachea and bronchus. The expression of IL-1β showed differential patterns across different lung regions, with variations observed among lung lobes. Additionally, other cytokines consistently showed significant up-regulation specifically in the bronchus. CONCLUSIONS M. ovipneumoniae is primarily found in the lungs of infected individuals. NF-κB, an essential transcription factor, is involved in the regulation of IL-1β transcription. IL-12 may enhance the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells during M. ovipneumoniae infection. Those findings demonstrate the distinct expression profiles of cytokines in various anatomical sites throughout disease progression, suggesting the potential role of bronchial tissue as a major site of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Can Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenxing Gong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
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García-Galán A, Seva J, Gómez-Martín Á, Ortega J, Rodríguez F, García-Muñoz Á, De la Fe C. Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051470. [PMID: 34065405 PMCID: PMC8161021 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine respiratory disease is a common health and economic problem that mainly affects calves raised in feedlots. Several viruses and bacteria may be involved, but Mycoplasma bovis can cause disease chronification and poor response to antimicrobial treatment. This study investigated the role of Mycoplasma bovis in cases of clinical respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment that affected feedlot calves in southeast Spain, and tested the in vitro susceptibility of a selection of isolates to the specific set of antimicrobials used for therapy in vivo. Mycoplasma bovis was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, predominantly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23) where it was involved in pulmonary lesions. Furthermore, the selected isolates were found to be resistant in vitro to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results highlight the implication of Mycoplasma bovis in the bovine respiratory disease affecting feedlot calves in Spain. Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Galán
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-G.); (C.D.l.F.)
| | - Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Ortega
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Av. Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Christian De la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-G.); (C.D.l.F.)
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Askar H, Chen S, Hao H, Yan X, Ma L, Liu Y, Chu Y. Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma bovis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030297. [PMID: 33806506 PMCID: PMC7998117 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) causes various chronic inflammatory diseases, including mastitis and bronchopneumonia, in dairy and feed cattle. It has been found to suppress the host immune response during infection, leading to the development of chronic conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that M. bovis can induce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the host. This consists of an inflammatory response in the host that causes pathological immune damage, which is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of M. bovis. Additionally, M. bovis can escape host immune system elimination and, thus, cause chronic infection. This is accomplished by preventing phagocytosis and inhibiting key responses, including the neutrophil respiratory burst and the development of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that lead to the creation of an extracellular bactericidal network, in addition to inhibiting monocyte and alveolar macrophage apoptosis and inducing monocytes to produce anti-inflammatory factors, thus inducing the apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inhibiting their proliferative response and resulting in their invasion. Together, these conditions lead to long-term M. bovis infection. In terms of the pathogenic mechanism, M. bovis may invade specific T-cell subsets and induce host generation of exhausted T-cells, which helps it to escape immune clearance. Moreover, the M. bovis antigen exhibits high-frequency variation in size and expression period, which allows it to avoid activation of the host humoral immune response. This review includes some recent advances in studying the immune response to M. bovis. These may help to further understand the host immune response against M. bovis and to develop potential therapeutic approaches to control M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Askar
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
- Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinmin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (H.A.); (S.C.); (H.H.); (X.Y.); (L.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8342-676
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Pabst R, Miller LA, Schelegle E, Hyde DM. Organized lymphatic tissue (BALT) in lungs of rhesus monkeys after air pollutant exposure. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2766-2773. [PMID: 32445535 PMCID: PMC8793891 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and its size in humans largely depends upon age. It is detected in 35% of children less than 2 years of age, but absent in the healthy adult lung. Environmental gases or allergens may have an effect on the number of BALT. Lungs of rhesus macaque monkeys were screened by histology for the presence, size, and location of BALT after exposure to filtered air for 2, 6, 12, or 36 months or 12 and 36 months to ozone or 2, 12, or 36 months of house dust mite or a combination of ozone and house dust mite for 12 months. In the lungs of monkeys housed in filtered air for 2 months, no BALT was identified. After 6, 12, or 36 months, the number of BALT showed a significantly increased correlation with age in monkeys housed in filtered air. After 2 months of episodic house dust mite (HDM) exposure, no BALT was found. Monkeys exposed to HDM or HDM + ozone did not show a significant increase in BALT compared to monkeys housed in filtered air. However, monkeys exposed to ozone alone did show significant increases in BALT compared to all other groups. In particular, there were frequent accumulations of lymphocytes in the periarterial space of ozone exposed animals. In conclusion, BALT in rhesus monkeys housed under filtered air conditions is age-dependent. BALT significantly increased in monkeys exposed to ozone in comparison with monkeys exposed to HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Centre of Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Edward Schelegle
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dallas M. Hyde
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA
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Ohtsuka H, Nakazono M, Kondoh T, Higuchi H, Tajima M, Koiwa M. Cytokine levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the clinical cases of Holstein calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:27-30. [PMID: 31708538 PMCID: PMC6983659 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune related factors of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed in the clinical cases with Mycoplasma (M.) bovis
infection. Seventy-eight Holstein calves in one farm were used. These calves were divided into three groups; the calves with M. bovis infection of poor outcome after
treatment (Non-Recovery Group), the calves with M. bovis infection recovered (Recovery Group) and clinically healthy calves (Control Group). Blood samples were collected at
days of the first medical treatment and the final treatment or euthanasia. IL-17A levels in the Non-Recovery Group were higher than those in the Recovery Group on both days. Our result
suggested that the IL-17A of PBMC is an important factor to affect outcome of the calves with M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Ohtsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Nakazono
- Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Health Center, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Motoshi Tajima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masateru Koiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
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Maunsell FP, Chase C. Mycoplasma bovis: Interactions with the Immune System and Failure to Generate an Effective Immune Response. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:471-483. [PMID: 31590898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host responses are often ineffective at clearing Mycoplasma bovis infection and may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. M bovis possesses a surprisingly large repertoire of strategies to evade and modulate host responses. Unopsonized M bovis impairs phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and macrophages. Apoptosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes is enhanced, whereas it is delayed in macrophages. Both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines are stimulated during M bovis infection depending on the cell type and location, and overall systemic responses tend to have a T-helper 2 bias. M bovis reduces proliferation of T cells and, in chronic infection, causes T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Christopher Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2175, SAR Room 125 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Prysliak T, Maina T, Perez-Casal J. Th-17 cell mediated immune responses to Mycoplasma bovis proteins formulated with Montanide ISA61 VG and curdlan are not sufficient for protection against an experimental challenge with Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Prysliak T, Maina T, Yu L, Suleman M, Jimbo S, Perez-Casal J. Induction of a balanced IgG1/IgG2 immune response to an experimental challenge with Mycoplasma bovis antigens following a vaccine composed of Emulsigen™, IDR peptide1002, and poly I:C. Vaccine 2017; 35:6604-6610. [PMID: 29079106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevention and or control of Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle have relied on the treatment of animals with antibiotics; herd management including separation and or culling infected animals; and the use of vaccines with limited protection. Due to the negative reactions and incomplete protection observed after vaccination with some bacterin-based vaccines, there is a need to put more efforts in the development of recombinant-based vaccines. However, the arsenal of antigens that may be suitable for a fully protective vaccine is rather limited at this point. We have tested a vaccine formulation containing M. bovis proteins formulated with adjuvants that have been shown to aid in the protection against other pathogens. After vaccinations, the animals were challenged using a BHV-1/M. bovis co-infection model. While the PBMC proliferation and cytokine responses to the antigens in the vaccine were negligible, humoral responses reveal that eight antigens elicit a balanced IgG1/IgG2 response although this was not enough to confer protection against M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Prysliak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Teresia Maina
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Lu Yu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Steve Jimbo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
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Goto S, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Nishimori A, Maekawa N, Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Koiwa M, Tajima M, Kohara J, Ogasawara S, Kato Y, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Increase of cells expressing PD-1 and PD-L1 and enhancement of IFN-γ production via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in bovine mycoplasmosis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:355-363. [PMID: 28544524 PMCID: PMC5569371 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bovine mycoplasma, chiefly Mycoplasma bovis, is a pathogen that causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and otitis media in cattle. This pathogen exerts immunosuppressive effects, such as the inhibition of interferon production. However, the mechanisms involved in bovine mycoplasmosis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway in immunosuppression in bovine mycoplasmosis. Methods In the initial experiments, we used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from cattle with mycoplasmosis. Results Expectedly, IFN‐γ production significantly decreased in cattle with mycoplasmosis compared with that in clinically healthy cattle. Concomitantly, flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportions of PD‐1+CD4+ and PD‐L1+CD14+ cells significantly increased in peripheral blood of the infected cattle. Interestingly, the number of PD‐1+CD4+ and PD‐1+CD8+ T cells were negatively correlated with IFN‐γ production from PBMCs in bovine mycoplasmosis. Additionally, blockade of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway in vitro by anti‐bovine PD‐1‐ and anti‐bovine PD‐L1 antibodies significantly upregulated the production of IFN‐γ from anti‐mycoplasma‐specific cells. Conclusions These results suggest that the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway could be involved in immune exhaustion of bovine mycoplasma‐specific T cells. In conclusion, our study opens up a new perspective in the therapeutic strategy for bovine mycoplasmosis by targeting the immunoinhibitory receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Goto
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asami Nishimori
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Masateru Koiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Motoshi Tajima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Junko Kohara
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Agriculture Research Department, Animal Research Center, Shintoku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Department of Regional Innovation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mahmood F, Khan A, Hussain R, Khan IA, Abbas RZ, Ali HM, Younus M. Patho-bacteriological investigation of an outbreak of Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves - Emerging stealth assault. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:404-408. [PMID: 28389347 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important bacterium, causing severe respiratory infection, and arthritis in dairy animals worldwide. This study is based on 50 suckling calves among which 15 showed respiratory distress, lameness and swollen joints and died later. M. bovis was isolated and identified from all dead (n = 15) and live (17.14%; 06 out of 35) calves on the basis of bacteriological examination. In morbid calves, the carpus and stifle joints were severely affected, while necropsy revealed multiple well-circumscribed calcified abscesses and caseous exudates in cranio-ventral and diaphragmatic lobes of lungs. Suppurative polyarthritis, fibrino-suppurative, teno-synovitis and otitis media were the common and striking lesion observed at postmortem examination. Histopathological examination revealed broncho-interstitial pneumonia and necrotic fibrino-purulent broncho-pneumonia in lungs. Similarly, synovial membranes and joints revealed presence of multiple foci of liquefactive necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and peripheral fibroplasia. In the bacteriological investigations, the characteristic fried egg colonies of M. bovis further confirmed this infection in all suspected cases. In conclusion, the current clinico-histo-pathological features are the depictive picture, and is the first report of M. bovis infection in calves in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Hussain
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, UVAS Sub-campus Jhang 35200, Pakistan.
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Mycoplasma bovis isolates recovered from cattle and bison (Bison bison) show differential in vitro effects on PBMC proliferation, alveolar macrophage apoptosis and invasion of epithelial and immune cells. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:28-36. [PMID: 27016754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, several outbreaks of pneumonia, systemically disseminated infection, and high mortality associated with Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) in North American bison (Bison bison) have been reported in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nebraska, New Mexico, Montana, North Dakota, and Kansas. M. bovis causes Chronic Pneumonia and Polyarthritis Syndrome (CPPS) in young, stressed calves in intensively-managed feedlots. M. bovis is not classified as a primary pathogen in cattle, but in bison it appears to be a primary causative agent with rapid progression of disease with fatal outcomes and an average 20% mature herd mortality. Thus, there is a possibility that M. bovis isolates from cattle and bison differ in their pathogenicity. Hence, we decided to compare selected cattle isolates to several bison isolates obtained from clinical cases. We show differences in modulation of PBMC proliferation, invasion of trachea and lung epithelial cells, along with modulation of apoptosis and survival in alveolar macrophages. We concluded that some bison isolates showed less inhibition of cattle and bison PBMC proliferation, were not able to suppress alveolar macrophage apoptosis as efficiently as cattle isolates, and were more or less invasive than the cattle isolate in various cells. These findings provide evidence about the differential properties of M. bovis isolated from the two species and has helped in the selection of bison isolates for genomic sequencing.
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