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Alberti G, Amico MD, Caruso Bavisotto C, Rappa F, Marino Gammazza A, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Scalia F, Szychlinska MA. Speeding up Glioblastoma Cancer Research: Highlighting the Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5394. [PMID: 38791432 PMCID: PMC11121320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive and lethal primary brain cancer in adults. The multifaceted nature of GBM pathogenesis, rising from complex interactions between cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), has posed great treatment challenges. Despite significant scientific efforts, the prognosis for GBM remains very poor, even after intensive treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Efficient GBM management still requires the invention of innovative treatment strategies. There is a strong necessity to complete cancer in vitro studies and in vivo studies to properly evaluate the mechanisms of tumor progression within the complex TME. In recent years, the animal models used to study GBM tumors have evolved, achieving highly invasive GBM models able to provide key information on the molecular mechanisms of GBM onset. At present, the most commonly used animal models in GBM research are represented by mammalian models, such as mouse and canine ones. However, the latter present several limitations, such as high cost and time-consuming management, making them inappropriate for large-scale anticancer drug evaluation. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has emerged as a valuable tool for studying GBM. It has shown great promise in preclinical studies due to numerous advantages, such as its small size, its ability to generate a large cohort of genetically identical offspring, and its rapid development, permitting more time- and cost-effective management and high-throughput drug screening when compared to mammalian models. Moreover, due to its transparent nature in early developmental stages and genetic and anatomical similarities with humans, it allows for translatable brain cancer research and related genetic screening and drug discovery. For this reason, the aim of the present review is to highlight the potential of relevant transgenic and xenograft zebrafish models and to compare them to the traditionally used animal models in GBM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Maria Denise Amico
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
- The Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.A.); (C.C.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); (F.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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2
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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3
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José-López R. Chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial glioma in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273122. [PMID: 38026627 PMCID: PMC10643662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the second most common primary brain tumor in dogs and although they are associated with a poor prognosis, limited data are available relating to the efficacy of standard therapeutic options such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, canine glioma is gaining relevance as a naturally occurring animal model that recapitulates human disease with fidelity. There is an intense comparative research drive to test new therapeutic approaches in dogs and assess if results translate efficiently into human clinical trials to improve the poor outcomes associated with the current standard-of-care. However, the paucity of data and controversy around most appropriate treatment for intracranial gliomas in dogs make comparisons among modalities troublesome. To further inform therapeutic decision-making, client discussion, and future studies evaluating treatment responses, the outcomes of 127 dogs with intracranial glioma, either presumed (n = 49) or histologically confirmed (n = 78), that received chemotherapy as leading or adjuvant treatment are reviewed here. This review highlights the status of current chemotherapeutic approaches to intracranial gliomas in dogs, most notably temozolomide and lomustine; areas of novel treatment currently in development, and difficulties to consensuate and compare different study observations. Finally, suggestions are made to facilitate evidence-based research in the field of canine glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José-López
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals – IVC Evidensia, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
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4
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Ammons DT, Guth A, Rozental AJ, Kurihara J, Marolf AJ, Chow L, Griffin JF, Makii R, MacQuiddy B, Boss MK, Regan DP, Frank C, McGrath S, Packer RA, Dow S. Reprogramming the Canine Glioma Microenvironment with Tumor Vaccination plus Oral Losartan and Propranolol Induces Objective Responses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1657-1667. [PMID: 36644324 PMCID: PMC9835010 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Malignant gliomas have a highly immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which renders them largely unresponsive to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, the present study evaluated a therapeutic protocol designed overcome the immune barrier by combining myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy with tumor vaccination. Experimental Design We utilized a spontaneously occurring canine glioma model to investigate an oral TME modifying immunotherapy in conjunction with cancer stem cell (CSC) vaccination. Dogs were treated daily with losartan (monocyte migration inhibitor) and propranolol (myeloid-derived suppressor cell depleting agent) plus anti-CSC vaccination on a bi-weekly then monthly schedule. Tumor volume was monitored by MRI and correlated with patient immune responses. Results Ten dogs with histologically confirmed gliomas were enrolled into a prospective, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the immunotherapy protocol. Partial tumor regression was observed in 2 dogs, while 6 dogs experienced stable disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 80%. Overall survival times (median = 351 days) and progression-free intervals (median = 163 days) were comparable to prior studies evaluating surgical debulking followed by immunotherapy. Dogs with detectable anti-CSC antibody responses had an increased overall survival time relative to dogs that did not generate antibody responses (vaccine responder MST = 500 days; vaccine non-responder MST = 218 days; p = 0.02). Conclusions These findings suggest that combining myeloid cell targeted oral immunotherapy with tumor vaccination can generate objective tumor responses, even in the absence of conventional therapy. Overall, this approach has promise as a readily implemented therapeutic strategy for use in brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Ammons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Amanda Guth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aaron J. Rozental
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John F. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rebecca Makii
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brittany MacQuiddy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rebecca A. Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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5
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Chen SR, Lang FF, Kan P. Preclinical animal brain tumor models for interventional neuro-oncology. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 14:neurintsurg-2022-018968. [PMID: 35414632 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-018968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Chen
- Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Kan
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Abstract
Gliomas are relatively common tumors in aged dogs (especially brachycephalic breeds), and the dog is proving to be useful as a translational model for humans with brain tumors. Hitherto, there is relatively little prognostic data for canine gliomas and none on outcome related to specific histological features. Histologic sections of tumor biopsies from 33 dogs with glioma treated with surgical resection and immunotherapy and 21 whole brains obtained postmortem were reviewed. Tumors were diagnosed as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or undefined glioma using Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium criteria. Putative features of malignancy were evaluated, namely, mitotic counts, glomeruloid vascularization, and necrosis. For biopsies, dogs with astrocytic tumors lived longer than those with oligodendroglial or undefined tumor types (median survival 743, 205, and 144 days, respectively). Dogs with low-grade gliomas lived longer than those with high-grade gliomas (median survival 734 and 194 days, respectively). Based on analysis of tumor biopsies, low mitotic counts, absence of glomeruloid vascularization, and absence of necrosis correlated with increased survival (median 293, 223, and 220 days, respectively), whereas high mitotic counts, glomeruloid vascularization, and necrosis correlated with poor survival (median 190, 170, and 154 days, respectively). Mitotic count was the only histological feature in biopsy samples that significantly correlated with survival (P < .05). Whole-brain analyses for those same histologic features had similar and more robust correlations, and were statistically significant for all features (P < .05). The small size of biopsy samples may explain differences between biopsy and whole-brain tumor data. These findings will allow more accurate prognosis for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Rendahl
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
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7
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Jenkins EPW, Finch A, Gerigk M, Triantis IF, Watts C, Malliaras GG. Electrotherapies for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100978. [PMID: 34292672 PMCID: PMC8456216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal, intermediate frequency (100-500 kHz) electrotherapies present a unique therapeutic strategy to treat malignant neoplasms. Here, pulsed electric fields (PEFs) which induce reversible or irreversible electroporation (IRE) and tumour-treating fields (TTFs) are reviewed highlighting the foundations, advances, and considerations of each method when applied to glioblastoma (GBM). Several biological aspects of GBM that contribute to treatment complexity (heterogeneity, recurrence, resistance, and blood-brain barrier(BBB)) and electrophysiological traits which are suggested to promote glioma progression are described. Particularly, the biological responses at the cellular and molecular level to specific parameters of the electrical stimuli are discussed offering ways to compare these parameters despite the lack of a universally adopted physical description. Reviewing the literature, a disconnect is found between electrotherapy techniques and how they target the biological complexities of GBM that make treatment difficult in the first place. An attempt is made to bridge the interdisciplinary gap by mapping biological characteristics to different methods of electrotherapy, suggesting important future research topics and directions in both understanding and treating GBM. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that attempts an in-tandem assessment of the biological effects of different aspects of intermediate frequency electrotherapy methods, thus offering possible strategies toward GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P. W. Jenkins
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Iasonas F. Triantis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringCity, University of LondonLondonEC1V 0HBUK
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic ScienceUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
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8
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Gross C, Ramirez DA, McGrath S, Gustafson DL. Cannabidiol Induces Apoptosis and Perturbs Mitochondrial Function in Human and Canine Glioma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:725136. [PMID: 34456736 PMCID: PMC8385407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.725136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, is frequently used both as a nutraceutical and therapeutic. Despite anecdotal evidence as an anticancer agent, little is known about the effect CBD has on cancer cells. Given the intractability and poor prognoses of brain cancers in human and veterinary medicine, we sought to characterize the in vitro cytotoxicity of CBD on human and canine gliomas. Glioma cells treated with CBD showed a range of cytotoxicity from 4.9 to 8.2 μg/ml; canine cells appeared to be more sensitive than human. Treatment with >5 μg/ml CBD invariably produced large cytosolic vesicles. The mode of cell death was then interrogated using pharmacologic inhibitors. Inhibition of apoptosis was sufficient to rescue CBD-mediated cytotoxicity. Inhibition of RIPK3, a classical necroptosis kinase, also rescued cells from death and prevented the formation of the large cytosolic vesicles. Next, cellular mitochondrial activity in the presence of CBD was assessed and within 2 hours of treatment CBD reduced oxygen consumption in a dose dependent manner with almost complete ablation of activity at 10 μg/ml CBD. Fluorescent imaging with a mitochondrial-specific dye revealed that the large cytosolic vesicles were, in fact, swollen mitochondria. Lastly, calcium channels were pharmacologically inhibited and the effect on cell death was determined. Inhibition of mitochondrial channel VDAC1, but not the TRPV1 channel, rescued cells from CBD-mediated cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate the cytotoxic nature of CBD in human and canine glioma cells and suggest a mechanism of action involving dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Gross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dominique A Ramirez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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9
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Rohrer Bley C, Staudinger C, Bley T, Marconato L, Sabattini S, Beckmann K. Canine presumed glial brain tumours treated with radiotherapy: Is there an inferior outcome in tumours contacting the subventricular zone? Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:29-37. [PMID: 33900018 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-treatment outcome in canine glial tumours is described with a broad range of survival times between 2 and 28 months. After surgery or radiation therapy, the tumours may progress locally or spread within the central nervous system. It is unknown if tumour- or patient-specific factors influence prognosis. In humans, glioblastoma involving the subventricular zone has been found to recur distantly, with shortened time to progression and overall survival. We included 32 dogs irradiated for a presumptive primary glial brain tumour in this retrospective cohort study. Tumours were grouped relative to subventricular zone contact and overt ventricular invasion assessing pre-treatment magnetic resonance images. Median time to progression (TTP) for all cases was 534 days (95%CI, 310-758), with a significantly shorter TTP in dogs with lesions at the subventricular zone (median TTP, 260 vs. 687 days; p = .049). Tumours at the subventricular zone progressed more often (p = .001), and more likely as CNS-metastasis (52.9% vs. 13.3%, p = .028). Median overall survival (OS) was 489 days (95%CI, 147-831) and median tumour-specific survival 609 days (95%CI, 382-835). Involvement of the subventricular zone was significantly associated with a shorter tumour-specific survival (median, 306 vs. 719 days; p = .044). Glial tumours contacting the subventricular zone in dogs have a shorter tumour-specific survival and a higher rate of progression and CNS-metastasis. Despite local tumour control, metastasis must be considered and should prompt further treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Staudinger
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Bley
- Neurology Service, Small Animal Clinic Aarau West, Oberentfelden, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Gómez-Oliva R, Domínguez-García S, Carrascal L, Abalos-Martínez J, Pardillo-Díaz R, Verástegui C, Castro C, Nunez-Abades P, Geribaldi-Doldán N. Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614295. [PMID: 33585240 PMCID: PMC7878535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain tumor characterized by its resistance to conventional therapies, including temozolomide, the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. Within the tumor, the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) seems to be the reason for drug resistance. The discovery of GSC has boosted the search for new experimental models to study GBM, which allow the development of new GBM treatments targeting these cells. In here, we describe different strategies currently in use to study GBM. Initial GBM investigations were focused in the development of xenograft assays. Thereafter, techniques advanced to dissociate tumor cells into single-cell suspensions, which generate aggregates referred to as neurospheres, thus facilitating their selective expansion. Concomitantly, the finding of genes involved in the initiation and progression of GBM tumors, led to the generation of mice models for the GBM. The latest advances have been the use of GBM organoids or 3D-bioprinted mini-brains. 3D bio-printing mimics tissue cytoarchitecture by combining different types of cells interacting with each other and with extracellular matrix components. These in vivo models faithfully replicate human diseases in which the effect of new drugs can easily be tested. Based on recent data from human glioblastoma, this review critically evaluates the different experimental models used in the study of GB, including cell cultures, mouse models, brain organoids, and 3D bioprinting focusing in the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression and treatment response of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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11
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Pi Castro D, José-López R, Fernández Flores F, Rabanal Prados RM, Mandara MT, Arús C, Pumarola Batlle M. Expression of FOXP3 in Canine Gliomas: Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Lymphocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:184-193. [PMID: 31846038 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop gliomas with similar histopathological features to human gliomas and share with them the limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation. The tumor microenvironment in gliomas is influenced by immune cell infiltrates. The present study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population of naturally occurring canine gliomas, focusing on the expression of Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Forty-three canine gliomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs. In low-grade gliomas, CD3+ TILs were found exclusively within the tumor tissue. In high-grade gliomas, they were present in significantly higher numbers throughout the tumor and in the brain-tumor junction. CD20+ TILs were rarely found in comparison to CD3+ TILs. FOXP3+ TILs shared a similar distribution with CD3+ TILs. The accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs within the tumor was more pronounced in astrocytic gliomas than in tumors of oligodendroglial lineage and the difference in expression was significant when comparing low-grade oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. Only high-grade astrocytomas presented FOXP3+ cells with tumoral morphology. In spontaneous canine gliomas, TILs display similar characteristics (density and distribution) as described for human gliomas, supporting the use of the dog as an animal model for translational immunotherapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Pi Castro
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco Fernández Flores
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosa M Rabanal Prados
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Arús
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola Batlle
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Koehler J, Sandey M, Prasad N, Levy SA, Wang X, Wang X. Differential Expression of miRNAs in Hypoxia ("HypoxamiRs") in Three Canine High-Grade Glioma Cell Lines. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:104. [PMID: 32258065 PMCID: PMC7093022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with spontaneous high-grade gliomas increasingly are being proposed as useful large animal pre-clinical models for the human disease. Hypoxia is a critical microenvironmental condition that is common in both canine and human high-grade gliomas and drives increased angiogenesis, chemo- and radioresistance, and acquisition of a stem-like phenotype. Some of this effect is mediated by the hypoxia-induced expression of microRNAs, small (~22 nucleotides long), non-coding RNAs that can modulate gene expression through interference with mRNA translation. Using an in vitro model with three canine high-grade glioma cell lines (J3T, SDT3G, and G06A) exposed to 72 h of 1.5% oxygen vs. standard 20% oxygen, we examined the global “hypoxamiR” profile using small RNA-Seq and performed pathway analysis for targeted genes using both Panther and NetworkAnalyst. Important pathways include many that are well-established as being important in glioma biology, general cancer biology, hypoxia, angiogenesis, immunology, and stem-ness, among others. This work provides the first examination of the effect of hypoxia on miRNA expression in the context of canine glioma, and highlights important similarities with the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Shawn A Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States.,Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH. Companion animal models of neurological disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 331:108484. [PMID: 31733285 PMCID: PMC6942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. As companion animals have a relatively abbreviated lifespan and genetic background, are immunocompetent, share their environment with human caregivers, and can be clinically managed using techniques and tools similar to those used in humans, they have tremendous potential for increasing the predictive value of preclinical drug and device studies. Here, we review comparative features of spontaneous neurological diseases in companion animals with an emphasis on neuroimaging methods and features, illustrate their historical use in translational studies, and discuss inherent limitations associated with each disease model. Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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14
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Demeter EA, Frank C, Rissi DR, Porter BF, Miller AD. Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 Expression in Canine Glioma. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:395. [PMID: 31803765 PMCID: PMC6872496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine glioma is considered a potential model for human glioma, with recent studies of occurrence, therapy, and reclassification supporting the value of the canine model. The current diagnosis of canine glioma is based on morphologic criteria and immunohistochemistry (IHC), including oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and 2′, 3′ cyclic nucleotide phosphatase (CNPase). Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a proven marker of human glioma and is used to complement the diagnosis and its specific immunoreactivity pattern contributes to the differentiation of astrocytomas from other glial tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether canine gliomas express MAP2 and to explore differences in the pattern of immunolabeling between different gliomas. Seventy-eight cases of canine glioma were evaluated for MAP2 expression by immunohistochemistry. A glial origin was supported by Olig2 IHC in all cases. MAP2 immunolabeling was evaluated on a semi-quantitative basis, including the percentage of immunolabeled neoplastic cells, as well as the signal intensity, distribution, and pattern of immunolabeling. MAP2 was expressed in all cases, with significant correlation between diagnosis and signal intensity (P = 0.04). MAP2 immunolabeling distribution was dominated by diffuse (34/78; 44%), followed by patchy (20/78; 26%), multifocal to coalescing (16/78; 21%), and scattered (8/78; 10%). All oligodendrogliomas (53/53; 100%) and undefined gliomas (12/12; 100%) revealed a combination of perinuclear and cytoplasmic immunolabeling, and all but 3 astrocytomas had a combination of perinuclear and cytoplasmic processes immunolabeling (10/13; 77%). Significant correlation between immunolabeling pattern and diagnosis was obtained (P = 0.001). The study demonstrates that MAP2 is expressed in canine gliomas and the pattern of expression can also be applied to help distinguish astrocytomas from oligodendrogliomas and undefined gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alina Demeter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Overgaard NH, Fan TM, Schachtschneider KM, Principe DR, Schook LB, Jungersen G. Of Mice, Dogs, Pigs, and Men: Choosing the Appropriate Model for Immuno-Oncology Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:247-262. [PMID: 30476148 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays dual roles in response to cancer. The host immune system protects against tumor formation via immunosurveillance; however, recognition of the tumor by immune cells also induces sculpting mechanisms leading to a Darwinian selection of tumor cell variants with reduced immunogenicity. Cancer immunoediting is the concept used to describe the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system. This concept, commonly referred to as the three E's, is encompassed by 3 distinct phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Despite impressive results in the clinic, cancer immunotherapy still has room for improvement as many patients remain unresponsive to therapy. Moreover, many of the preclinical results obtained in the widely used mouse models of cancer are lost in translation to human patients. To improve the success rate of immuno-oncology research and preclinical testing of immune-based anticancer therapies, using alternative animal models more closely related to humans is a promising approach. Here, we describe 2 of the major alternative model systems: canine (spontaneous) and porcine (experimental) cancer models. Although dogs display a high rate of spontaneous tumor formation, an increased number of genetically modified porcine models exist. We suggest that the optimal immuno-oncology model may depend on the stage of cancer immunoediting in question. In particular, the spontaneous canine tumor models provide a unique platform for evaluating therapies aimed at the escape phase of cancer, while genetically engineered swine allow for elucidation of tumor-immune cell interactions especially during the phases of elimination and equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana H Overgaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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17
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Arami H, Patel CB, Madsen SJ, Dickinson PJ, Davis RM, Zeng Y, Sturges BK, Woolard KD, Habte FG, Akin D, Sinclair R, Gambhir SS. Nanomedicine for Spontaneous Brain Tumors: A Companion Clinical Trial. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2858-2869. [PMID: 30714717 PMCID: PMC6584029 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles' enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) variations due to tumor heterogeneity in naturally occurring brain tumors are commonly neglected in preclinical nanomedicine studies. Recent pathological studies have shown striking similarities between brain tumors in humans and dogs, indicating that canine brain tumors may be a valuable model to evaluate nanoparticles' EPR in this context. We recruited canine clinical cases with spontaneous brain tumors to investigate nanoparticles' EPR in different brain tumor pathologies using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We used gold nanoparticles due to their surface plasmon effect that enables their sensitive and microscopic resolution detection using the SERS technique. Raman microscopy of the resected tumors showed heterogeneous EPR of nanoparticles into oligodendrogliomas and meningiomas of different grades, without any detectable traces in necrotic parts of the tumors or normal brain. Raman observations were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray elemental analyses, which enabled localization of individual nanoparticles embedded in tumor tissues. Our results demonstrate nanoparticles' EPR and its variations in clinically relevant, spontaneous brain tumors. Such heterogeneities should be considered alongside routine preoperative imaging and histopathological analyses in order to accelerate clinical management of brain tumors using nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Steven J. Madsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ryan M. Davis
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Beverly K. Sturges
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kevin D. Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Frezghi G. Habte
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Demir Akin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Corresponding Author (Sanjiv S. Gambhir).
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18
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Hubbard ME, Arnold S, Bin Zahid A, McPheeters M, Gerard O’Sullivan M, Tabaran AF, Hunt MA, Pluhar GE. Naturally Occurring Canine Glioma as a Model for Novel Therapeutics. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:415-423. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1514622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Hubbard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan Arnold
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abdullah Bin Zahid
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Comparitive Pathology Shared Resource at Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexandru-Flaviu Tabaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Comparitive Pathology Shared Resource at Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew A. Hunt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G. Elizabeth Pluhar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Kishimoto TE, Uchida K, Thongtharb A, Shibato T, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Nakayama H. Expression of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Markers in Canine Oligodendrogliomas. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:634-644. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is a common brain tumor in dogs, particularly brachycephalic breeds. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are suspected to be a possible origin of oligodendroglioma, although it has not been well elucidated. In the present study, 27 cases of canine brain oligodendrogliomas were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. The most commonly affected breed was the French Bulldog ( n = 19 of 27, 70%). Seizure was the most predominant clinical sign ( n = 17 of 25, 68%). The tumors were located mainly in the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobe ( n = 10 of 27, 37%). All cases were diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and had common histologic features characterized by the proliferation of round to polygonal cells with pronounced atypia and conspicuous mitotic activity (average, 10.7 mitoses per 10 high-power fields). Honeycomb pattern ( n = 5 of 27, 19%), myxoid matrix ( n = 10, 37%), cyst formation ( n = 6, 22%), necrosis ( n = 19, 70%), pseudopalisading ( n = 5, 18.5%), glomeruloid vessels ( n = 16, 59%), and microcalcification ( n = 5, 19%) were other histopathologic features of the present tumors. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Olig2 in all cases and for other markers of OPCs in most cases, including SOX10 ( n = 24 of 27, 89%), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α ( n = 24, 89%), and NG2 ( n = 23, 85%). The present AO also consisted of heterogeneous cell populations that were positive for nestin ( n = 13 of 27, 48%), glial fibrillary acidic protein ( n = 5, 19%), doublecortin ( n = 22, 82%), and βIII-tubulin ( n = 15, 56%). Moreover, cultured AO cells obtained from 1 case retained expression of OPC markers and exhibited multipotent characteristics in a serum culture condition. Overall, the findings suggest that transformed multipotent OPCs may be a potential origin of canine AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya E. Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fernández-Flores F, García-Verdugo JM, Martín-Ibáñez R, Herranz C, Fondevila D, Canals JM, Arús C, Pumarola M. Characterization of the canine rostral ventricular-subventricular zone: Morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and neurosphere assay studies. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:721-741. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández-Flores
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia comparada, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, CIBERNED; Valencia Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Ibáñez
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED); Valencia Spain
| | - Cristina Herranz
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED); Valencia Spain
| | - Dolors Fondevila
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep María Canals
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Biomedicine; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED); Valencia Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Barcelona Spain
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21
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Pang LY, Saunders L, Argyle DJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity is elevated in glioma cancer stem cells and is required to maintain chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72494-72512. [PMID: 29069805 PMCID: PMC5641148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains among the most aggressive of all human and canine malignancies, displaying high mortality rates and limited treatment options. We propose that given the similarities between canine and human gliomas, such as incidence of occurrence, histopathology, molecular characteristics, and response to therapy, that canine gliomas are a natural model of the human disease. A range of human and canine tumours have been shown to harbor specific subpopulations of cells with stem cell-like properties that initiate and maintain neoplasticity while resisting conventional therapies. Here, we show that both canine and human glioma cell lines contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and by molecular profiling highlight the important role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in canine CSCs. EGFR signaling is crucial in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, migration and survival. To date EGFR-targeted interventions alone have been largely ineffective. Our findings confirm that specifically inhibiting EGFR signaling alone has no significant effect on the viability of CSCs. However inhibition of EGFR did enhance the chemo- and radio-sensitivity of both canine and human glioma CSCs, enabling this resistant, tumourigenic population of cells to be effectively targeted by conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Pang
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Lauren Saunders
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
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22
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Wheat WH, Chow L, Kurihara JN, Regan DP, Coy JW, Webb TL, Dow SW. Suppression of Canine Dendritic Cell Activation/Maturation and Inflammatory Cytokine Release by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Occurs Through Multiple Distinct Biochemical Pathways. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:249-262. [PMID: 27842458 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a readily accessible source of cells with potent immune modulatory activity. MSC can suppress ongoing inflammatory responses by suppressing T cell function, while fewer studies have examined the impact of MSC on dendritic cell (DC) function. The dog spontaneous disease model represents an important animal model with which to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cellular therapy with MSC. This study evaluated the effects of canine MSC on the activation and maturation of canine monocyte-derived DC, as well as mechanisms underlying these effects. Adipose-derived canine MSC were cocultured with canine DC, and the MSC effects on DC maturation and activation were assessed by flow cytometry, cytokine ELISA, and confocal microscopy. We found that canine MSC significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated upregulation of DC activation markers such as major histocompatibility class II (MHCII), CD86, and CD40. Furthermore, pretreatment of MSC with interferon gamma (IFNγ) augmented this suppressive activity. IFNγ-activated MSC also significantly reduced LPS-elicited DC secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha without reducing secretion of interleukin-10. The suppressive effect of IFNγ-treated MSC on LPS-induced DC activation was mediated by soluble factors secreted by both MSC and DC. Pathways of DC functional suppression included programmed death ligand-1 expression and secretion of nitrous oxide, prostaglandin E2, and adenosine by activated MSC. Coculture of DC with IFNγ-treated MSC maintained DC in an immature state and prolonged DC antigen uptake during LPS maturation stimulus. Taken together, canine MSC are capable of potently suppressing DC function in a potentially inflammatory microenvironment through several separate immunological pathways and confirm the potential for immune therapy with MSC in canine immune-mediated disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Wheat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jade N Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jonathan W Coy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tracy L Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
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23
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Duncan T, Lowe A, Dalton MA, Valenzuela M. Isolation and Expansion of Adult Canine Hippocampal Neural Precursors. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27929471 DOI: 10.3791/54953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus has been shown to vary across mammalian species. The canine hippocampus, demonstrating a structural intermediacy between the rodent and human hippocampi, is therefore a valuable model in which to study adult neurogenesis. In vitro culture assays are an essential component of characterizing neurogenesis and adult neural precursor cells, allowing for precise control over the cellular environment. To date however, culture protocols for canine cells remain under-represented in the literature. Detailed here are systematic protocols for the isolation and culture of hippocampal neural precursor cells from the adult canine brain. We demonstrate the expansion of canine neural precursor cells as floating neurospheres and as an adherent monolayer culture, producing stable cell lines that are able to differentiation into mature neural cell types in vitro. Adult canine neural precursors are an underused resource that may provide a more faithful analogue for the study of human neural precursors and the cellular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duncan
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, University of Sydney;
| | - Aileen Lowe
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, University of Sydney
| | - Marshall A Dalton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London
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