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Paździor-Czapula K, Mikiewicz M, Fiedorowicz J, Otrocka-Domagała I. Mammary and reproductive tract tumours and tumour-like lesions of 286 small pet mammals: a retrospective study. J Comp Pathol 2024; 213:46-58. [PMID: 39116801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Small mammals are very popular companion animals, and the incidence of particular tumour types in these animals is the subject of extensive research. We carried out a retrospective and comparative analysis of the incidence of reproductive tract and mammary tumours and tumour-like lesions collected from 103 pet rabbits, 75 pet rats, 71 guinea pigs, 12 mice, 11 hamsters, eight African pygmy hedgehogs, four ferrets and two chinchillas. The results indicate that uterine tumours and tumour-like lesions are common in pet rabbits, guinea pigs and African pygmy hedgehogs. In pet rabbits, the most common uterine tumour was endometrial adenocarcinoma, while in guinea pigs benign lesions predominated (ie, leiomyoma, endometrial adenoma, cystic endometrial hyperplasia and deciduoma). Uterine tumours in African pygmy hedgehogs included adenosarcomas and endometrial polyps. Ovarian lesions were found only in guinea pigs (ovarian rete adenomas, rete cysts) and African pygmy hedgehogs (mostly granulosa cell tumours), while testicular tumours were diagnosed in pet rabbits, one pet rat and one guinea pig. Mammary tumours were common in pet rabbits, pet rats, guinea pigs, mice, hamsters and African pygmy hedgehogs. In pet rats, the most common mammary tumour was fibroadenoma, while in other animals carcinomas predominated. In guinea pigs and, to a lesser extent, in pet rats, a significant percentage of mammary tumours occurred in males. Guinea pigs seem to be predisposed to mammary tumours of ductal origin. This study describes for the first time uterine angioleiomyoma in the pet rabbit and mammary spindle cell carcinoma in the Djungarian hamster and chinchilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Mikiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Chen YM, Wu JL, Lin WH. Common Spontaneous Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions in 70 Pet Rodents and Negative MMTV Detection in Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1469. [PMID: 38791685 PMCID: PMC11117349 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to the number of studies on the neoplasms of laboratory rodents, fewer studies have focused on spontaneous neoplasms in pet rodents. Notably, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is associated with mammary tumors in rodents. In this study, 77 tumors and tumor-like lesions of biopsy samples were collected from 70 pet rodents, including hamsters (n = 47), guinea pigs (n = 16), unknown species (n = 4), rats (n = 2), and a gerbil. Fifty tumors were collected from 47 hamsters, in which the most common tumors were mammary tumors (13/50), followed by fibrosarcoma (9/50), mast cell tumors (4/50), and squamous cell carcinoma (4/50). The collected subtypes of mammary tumors in hamsters included tubular carcinoma (n = 5), tubular adenoma (n = 4), carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (n = 1), simple tubular carcinoma (n = 1), adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 1), and tubulopapillary adenoma (n = 1). In addition, twenty tumors were collected from guinea pigs, in which the most common tumor was lipoma (6/20), followed by adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland (4/20), trichofolliculoma (2/20), and collagenous hamartomas (2/20). In guinea pigs, the subtypes of mammary gland tumors were tubular carcinoma (n = 2), tubular and solid carcinoma (n = 1), and tubulopapillary carcinoma (n = 1). In 20 cases of mammary tumors, MMTV was not detected, implicating no evidence of MMTV infection in mammary oncogenesis in pet rodents in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan (W.-H.L.)
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Borkowski EA, Shotton J, Smyth JA. Leiomyosarcoma with widespread metastases in a capybara. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:848-853. [PMID: 35762094 PMCID: PMC9446303 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10.5-y-old intact female capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) with a history of chronic weight loss was euthanized following discovery by palpation of a large intra-abdominal mass. Postmortem examination revealed a large, firm, tan mass expanding the uterine body and extensively adhered to the jejunum and abdominal wall. Numerous pinpoint to 3-cm diameter, tan-to-red, raised masses were present throughout the parietal peritoneum, liver, lungs, and intestinal serosa. Histologic examination of the uterine mass revealed well-differentiated smooth muscle intermixed with abundant collagen, interspersed with a highly anaplastic spindle cell population extending to the serosa; the masses in the lung, liver, and peritoneum were histologically very similar to the anaplastic uterine spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterus and lung confirmed smooth muscle origin of the anaplastic cells. To our knowledge, leiomyosarcoma has not been reported previously in a capybara, and the widespread metastases in this case represent an unusually aggressive presentation of this rare malignancy. The animal also had an incidental dermal histiocytoma, a tumor that has also not been reported previously in this species, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Borkowski
- Emma A. Borkowski, Department of
Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph,
Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | - Joan A. Smyth
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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DiGeronimo PM, Brandão J. Updates on Thyroid Disease in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 23:373-381. [PMID: 32327042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism seems to be a rare, but likely underdiagnosed disease of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Diagnosis is confounded by nonspecific clinical signs, lack of validated assays, and species-specific reference intervals. With increasing English-language publications on the topic, naturally occurring thyroid disease is likely to be increasingly diagnosed in exotic small mammals. The most consistently observed clinical signs include weight loss with or without a change in appetite and a palpable cervical mass. Diagnosis is supported by elevated blood thyroxine concentrations. Treatment may include thyreostatic agents, radioactive iodine, or surgical thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M DiGeronimo
- Adventure Aquarium, 1 Riverside Drive, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; Animal & Bird Health Care Center, 1785 Springdale Road, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA.
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 2065 W. Farm Road, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Genital Tract Pathology in Female Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): a Retrospective Study of 655 Post-mortem and 64 Biopsy Cases. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chambers JK, Shiga T, Takimoto H, Dohata A, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Proliferative Lesions of the Endometrium of 50 Four-Toed Hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris). Vet Pathol 2018; 55:562-571. [PMID: 29448904 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818758467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uteri from 50 four-toed hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris) with clinical signs of uterine disease were histopathologically examined. Sixteen animals (32%) were diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia, 7 animals (14%) were diagnosed with endometrial polyp, and 27 animals (54%) were diagnosed with endometrial neoplasia. The mean ages of the animals with endometrial hyperplasia, polyp, and neoplasia were 28.7 months, 29.4 months, and 25.2 months, respectively. The neoplasms were classified into 7 endometrial mixed tumors, 12 endometrial stromal nodules, and 8 endometrial stromal sarcomas. However, the endometrial stromal nodules and endometrial stromal sarcomas often developed within or were contiguous with an endometrial polyp or mixed tumor. Interestingly, the stromal tumors and the stromal components of the endometrial polyp and mixed tumor displayed extraendometrial differentiation (eg, into adipocytes, granular cells, smooth muscle cells, and osteoid tissue). The endometrial stromal sarcomas exhibited severe cellular atypia and invaded subendometrial tissue. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that the stromal cells of the hyperplastic lesions as well as the neoplastic lesions were positive for CD10, the progesterone receptor, and Wilms tumor 1. The four-toed hedgehog develops unique uterine neoplasms that are mainly composed of endometrial stromal cells and probably arise from endometrial polyps and/or mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Chambers
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shiga
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Dohata
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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