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Lacinski RA, Dziadowicz SA, Melemai VK, Fitzpatrick B, Pisquiy JJ, Heim T, Lohse I, Schoedel KE, Llosa NJ, Weiss KR, Lindsey BA. Spatial multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis reveals coordinated cellular networks associated with overall survival in metastatic osteosarcoma. Bone Res 2024; 12:55. [PMID: 39333065 PMCID: PMC11436896 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with advanced osteosarcoma, often in the form of lung metastases, have abysmal five-year overall survival rates. The complexity of the osteosarcoma immune tumor microenvironment has been implicated in clinical trial failures of various immunotherapies. The purpose of this exploratory study was to spatially characterize the immune tumor microenvironment of metastatic osteosarcoma lung specimens. Knowledge of the coordinating cellular networks within these tissues could then lead to improved outcomes when utilizing immunotherapy for treatment of this disease. Importantly, various cell types, interactions, and cellular neighborhoods were associated with five-year survival status. Of note, increases in cellular interactions between T lymphocytes, positive for programmed cell death protein 1, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in the 5-year deceased cohort. Additionally, cellular neighborhood analysis identified an Immune-Cold Parenchyma cellular neighborhood, also associated with worse 5-year survival. Finally, the Osteosarcoma Spatial Score, which approximates effector immune activity in the immune tumor microenvironment through the spatial proximity of immune and tumor cells, was increased within 5-year survivors, suggesting improved effector signaling in this patient cohort. Ultimately, these data represent a robust spatial multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of the metastatic osteosarcoma immune tumor microenvironment. Various communication networks, and their association with survival, were described. In the future, identification of these networks may suggest the use of specific, combinatory immunotherapeutic strategies for improved anti-tumor immune responses and outcomes in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Lacinski
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Sebastian A Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Vincent K Melemai
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brody Fitzpatrick
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - John J Pisquiy
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tanya Heim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Karen E Schoedel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicolas J Llosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kurt R Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brock A Lindsey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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2
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Cahill JA, Smith LA, Gottipati S, Torabi TS, Graim K. Bringing the Genomic Revolution to Comparative Oncology: Human and Dog Cancers. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2024; 7:107-129. [PMID: 38648188 PMCID: PMC11343685 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-102423-111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Dogs are humanity's oldest friend, the first species we domesticated 20,000-40,000 years ago. In this unequaled collaboration, dogs have inadvertently but serendipitously been molded into a potent human cancer model. Unlike many common model species, dogs are raised in the same environment as humans and present with spontaneous tumors with human-like comorbidities, immunocompetency, and heterogeneity. In breast, bladder, blood, and several pediatric cancers, in-depth profiling of dog and human tumors has established the benefits of the dog model. In addition to this clinical and molecular similarity, veterinary studies indicate that domestic dogs have relatively high tumor incidence rates. As a result, there are a plethora of data for analysis, the statistical power of which is bolstered by substantial breed-specific variability. As such, dog tumors provide a unique opportunity to interrogate the molecular factors underpinning cancer and facilitate the modeling of new therapeutic targets. This review discusses the emerging field of comparative oncology, how it complements human and rodent cancer studies, and where challenges remain, given the rapid proliferation of genomic resources. Increasingly, it appears that human's best friend is becoming an irreplaceable component of oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Cahill
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie A Smith
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Soumya Gottipati
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tina Salehi Torabi
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kiley Graim
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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3
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Pu F, Guo H, Shi D, Chen F, Peng Y, Huang X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shao Z. The generation and use of animal models of osteosarcoma in cancer research. Genes Dis 2024; 11:664-674. [PMID: 37692517 PMCID: PMC10491873 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor affecting children and adolescents. Currently, the most common treatment is surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Although the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma has improved in recent years, it remains poor when the tumor(s) progress and distant metastases develop. Therefore, better animal models that more accurately replicate the natural progression of the disease are needed to develop improved prognostic and diagnostic markers, as well as targeted therapies for both primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. The present review described animal models currently being used in research investigating osteosarcoma, and their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. These models may help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism(s) of osteosarcoma and provide evidence to support and develop clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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4
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Zając W, Dróżdż J, Kisielewska W, Karwowska W, Dudzisz-Śledź M, Zając AE, Borkowska A, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Szostakowski B, Rutkowski P, Czarnecka AM. Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma from Molecular Pathology to Current Treatment and Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3924. [PMID: 37568740 PMCID: PMC10417069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma, a primary cartilaginous malignant neoplasm. It accounts for up to 1-2% of all chondrosarcomas and is generally associated with one of the poorest prognoses among all chondrosarcomas with the highest risk of metastasis. The 5-year survival rates range from 7% to 24%. DDCS may develop at any age, but the average presentation age is over 50. The most common locations are the femur, pelvis humerus, scapula, rib, and tibia. The standard treatment for localised disease is surgical resection. Most patients are diagnosed in unresectable and advanced stages, and chemotherapy for localised and metastatic dedifferentiated DDCS follows protocols used for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Dróżdż
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kisielewska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Karwowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dudzisz-Śledź
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Aneta Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (M.D.-Ś.); (A.E.Z.); (A.B.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
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5
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Dilley KN, Wong A, Kent MS, Steffey MA, Yellowley CE. Expression of Sex Hormone Receptors in Canine Osteosarcoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:524. [PMID: 36288137 PMCID: PMC9609940 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids regulate bone metabolism directly and indirectly through receptors on bone. Estrogen receptors (ER-∝, ER-β), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR), have been previously identified on human osteosarcoma (OSA) cells, and are considered to influence tumor growth, but their expression and role in canine OSA is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize sex hormone receptor expression levels in naturally occurring OSA tissue and in three canine OSA cell lines. The expression of ER-α, ER-β, PR, and AR was investigated using RT-PCR. PR expression levels were also quantified in OSA cells cultured under hypoxic conditions or in the presence of estradiol. The effects of progesterone on cell proliferation were quantified. Results demonstrated varying expression levels of these receptors in five OSA subtypes. OSA cell lines demonstrated high gene expression levels of PR and low gene expression levels of ER-α and ER-β and no gene expression of AR. PR expression was increased in OSA cells cultured under hypoxic conditions in a HIF-∝ independent manner. Interestingly, one cell line expressed very high levels of PR, expression of which decreased in response to estradiol. In addition, progesterone decreased OSA cell proliferation in this particular cell line. Further investigation of the role of sex steroids, particularly PR and its ligands, in regulation of canine OSA is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn N. Dilley
- VCA Loomis Basin Veterinary Clinic, 3901 Sierra College Blvd, Loomis, CA 95650, USA
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1285 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Natural Killer Cell Recognition and Control of Epithelial Cancers. Cancer J 2022; 28:263-269. [PMID: 35880935 PMCID: PMC9336556 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells possess an innate ability to recognize cancer and are key mediators of cytotoxic efficacy for anticancer antibodies. Recent advances in the ability to generate, qualify, and safely infuse NK cells have led to a wide variety of clinical trials in oncology. Although their efficacy is best established for liquid cancers, their potential application in solid cancers has received increased attention. Here, we provide general background across a disparate group of exemplary solid tumors for which there is evidence for an NK cell role, discuss NK cell recognition motifs specific to each and murine and human studies of each that are supportive of NK cell adoptive immunotherapy, and end with special considerations relevant to the solid tumor microenvironment.
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7
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Barger A, Baker K, Driskell E, Sander W, Roady P, Berry M, Schnelle A, Fan TM. The use of alkaline phosphatase and runx2 to distinguish osteosarcoma from other common malignant primary bone tumors in dogs. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:427-432. [PMID: 35253545 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221083035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In dogs, primary bone tumors can be difficult to distinguish with histopathology. Of those tumors, osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common and aggressive. In this study, 4 immunohistochemistry markers-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OP), and runx2-were evaluated for their ability to distinguish OSA from other primary bone tumors. The 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, primary canine bone tumors included 15 OSAs, 8 chondrosarcomas, 11 fibrosarcomas, and 8 histiocytic sarcomas. All 4 antibodies were highly sensitive for detection of osteosarcoma. ALP was the most sensitive at 100% and runx2 the most specific at 78%. Running ALP and runx2 in series resulted in a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 85%. This combination of immunomarkers resulted in a diagnostic panel for distinguishing osteosarcoma from other primary bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barger
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | | | - Will Sander
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Patrick Roady
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Matthew Berry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Amy Schnelle
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Timothy M Fan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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8
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Quamine AE, Olsen MR, Cho MM, Capitini CM. Approaches to Enhance Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2796. [PMID: 34199783 PMCID: PMC8200074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic pediatric solid tumors remain a significant challenge, particularly in relapsed and refractory settings. Standard treatment has included surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and, in the case of neuroblastoma, immunotherapy. Despite such intensive therapy, cancer recurrence is common, and most tumors become refractory to prior therapy, leaving patients with few conventional treatment options. Natural killer (NK) cells are non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted lymphocytes that boast several complex killing mechanisms but at an added advantage of not causing graft-versus-host disease, making use of allogeneic NK cells a potential therapeutic option. On top of their killing capacity, NK cells also produce several cytokines and growth factors that act as key regulators of the adaptive immune system, positioning themselves as ideal effector cells for stimulating heavily pretreated immune systems. Despite this promise, clinical efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapy to date has been inconsistent, prompting a detailed understanding of the biological pathways within NK cells that can be leveraged to develop "next generation" NK cell therapies. Here, we review advances in current approaches to optimizing the NK cell antitumor response including combination with other immunotherapies, cytokines, checkpoint inhibition, and engineering NK cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha E. Quamine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Mallery R. Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Monica M. Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (A.E.Q.); (M.R.O.); (M.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Pardo-Mora DP, Murillo OJ, Rey-Buitrago M, Losada-Barragán M, Uribe JFC, Santiago KB, Conti BJ, Cardoso EDO, Conte FL, Gutiérrez RM, García OT, Sforcin JM. Apoptosis-related gene expression induced by Colombian propolis samples in canine osteosarcoma cell line. Vet World 2021; 14:964-971. [PMID: 34083947 PMCID: PMC8167511 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.964-971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in canines and humans. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Colombian propolis samples on a canine OSA cell line (OSCA-8) by evaluating the expression of BCL-2, BAX, CASPASE 9, CASPASE 8, and TNFR1 genes involved in the apoptosis pathway. Materials and Methods After treating the cells with five Colombian propolis samples (Usm, Met, Fus, Sil, and Caj), we evaluated cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Early and late apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide. Furthermore, the effects of three selected samples on gene expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The Colombian propolis samples reduced OSCA-8 cell viability and increased LDH release. All samples induced apoptosis significantly and upregulated BCL-2 and CASPASE 8 expression. Usm and Sil increased BAX expression, Met and Sil induced CASPASE 9 expression, and Usm increased TNFR1. Conclusion Colombian propolis samples exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on canine OSA cells, and CASPASE 8 upregulation indicated apoptosis induction by the extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Patricia Pardo-Mora
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Julián Murillo
- Department of Morphology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rey-Buitrago
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Morphology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica Losada-Barragán
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Fabian Cruz Uribe
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Basso Santiago
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno José Conti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eliza de Oliveira Cardoso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rafael María Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres García
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Maurício Sforcin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Campus Botucatu, Brazil
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10
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Dittmer KE, Pemberton S. A Holistic Approach to Bone Tumors in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Histologic Correlation. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:841-857. [PMID: 33779406 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal system is a common site for neoplasia in dogs and cats, and primary bone tumors may develop from any of the mesenchymal tissues present in bone. Imaging and histopathology are routinely used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, and the 2 techniques are highly complementary. While imaging may be highly suggestive of a specific diagnosis and treatment may be instituted based on this, definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of either incisional or excisional biopsies or an amputation specimen. However, there are a number of diagnostic dilemmas when the pathologist interprets bone biopsy samples, such as distinguishing reactive bone and tumor bone, fracture callus and tumor bone, different benign fibro-osseous lesions, and different types of bone sarcoma. This review outlines the characteristic radiographic and histologic changes associated with these diagnostic problems to aid in resolving them. When a holistic approach is taken to evaluation of the signalment, history, and clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features, a diagnosis may be possible. The pathologist is greatly assisted in the interpretation of bone samples by having access to imaging and should routinely request either the images or the imaging reports if they are not received from submitting veterinarians.
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11
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Al-Khan AA, Al Balushi NR, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Roles of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) and Its Receptor (PTHR1) in Normal and Tumor Tissues: Focus on Their Roles in Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637614. [PMID: 33796580 PMCID: PMC8008073 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor and originates from bone forming mesenchymal cells and primarily affects children and adolescents. The 5-year survival rate for OS is 60 to 65%, with little improvement in prognosis during the last four decades. Studies have demonstrated the evolving roles of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor (PTHR1) in bone formation, bone remodeling, regulation of calcium transport from blood to milk, regulation of maternal calcium transport to the fetus and reabsorption of calcium in kidneys. These two molecules also play critical roles in the development, progression and metastasis of several tumors such as breast cancer, lung carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and OS. The protein expression of both PTHrP and PTHR1 have been demonstrated in OS, and their functions and proposed signaling pathways have been investigated yet their roles in OS have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to discuss the latest research with PTHrP and PTHR1 in OS tumorigenesis and possible mechanistic pathways. This review is dedicated to Professor Michael Day who died in May 2020 and was a very generous collaborator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awf A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Oman
| | - Noora R Al Balushi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Janine A Danks
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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12
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Patient Derived Xenografts for Genome-Driven Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020416. [PMID: 33671173 PMCID: PMC7922432 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone. It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of chromothripsis, which leads to multiple somatic copy number alterations and structural rearrangements. Any effort to design genome-driven therapies must therefore consider such high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, many laboratories and international networks are developing and sharing OS patient-derived xenografts (OS PDX) to broaden the availability of models that reproduce OS complex clinical heterogeneity. OS PDXs, and new cell lines derived from PDXs, faithfully preserve tumor heterogeneity, genetic, and epigenetic features and are thus valuable tools for predicting drug responses. Here, we review recent achievements concerning OS PDXs, summarizing the methods used to obtain ectopic and orthotopic xenografts and to fully characterize these models. The availability of OS PDXs across the many international PDX platforms and their possible use in PDX clinical trials are also described. We recommend the coupling of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis with functional studies in OS PDXs, as well as the setup of OS PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials, to enhance the predictive power of experimental evidence and to accelerate the clinical translation of effective genome-guided therapies for this aggressive disease.
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13
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Jarvis S, Koumadoraki E, Madouros N, Sharif S, Saleem A, Khan S. Non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma: A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100307. [PMID: 33453605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is extremely malignant, and the most common cancer that affects bone. Current treatments involve surgical resection of the affected area and multi-agent chemotherapy, though survival rate is generally poor for those affected by metastases. As treatment for osteosarcoma has remained unchanged for the past few decades, there is a need for further advancements in the understanding of osteosarcoma biology and therapeutics. Thus, reliable animal models that can accurately recapitulate the disease are required. Though rodents represent the most popular animal model of osteosarcoma, they may not model the disease best. This review analyzes emerging alternative non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma, such as the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, pigs, and canines. Each of these alternatives offer advantages over classic rodent models for pre-clinical research. Research of these cross-species platforms imparts knowledge of metastases biology and potential new treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer Jarvis
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States.
| | - Evgenia Koumadoraki
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Nikolaos Madouros
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Shayka Sharif
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Amber Saleem
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Safeera Khan
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
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14
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Al-Khan AA, Nimmo JS, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Simcock JO, Tarzi R, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Fibroblastic Subtype has a Favourable Prognosis in Appendicular Osteosarcoma of Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:133-144. [PMID: 32359626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone neoplasm that occurs mostly in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and people. OS is classified based on the presence of malignant stroma and the formation of extracellular matrix into osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic forms. This study investigated the correlation between the three histological subtypes of canine OS and clinical outcome. Additionally, we examined whether there was any difference in the immunolabelling of desmin, S100 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) between the three histological subtypes. Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 87 dogs with primary OS were available for this study. The survival times were correlated with appendicular OS subtypes in dogs that were treated surgically, received adjuvant chemotherapy and had no pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Dogs with an appendicular fibroblastic OS had significantly prolonged mean average survival times (546 ± 105 days) in comparison with dogs having appendicular osteoblastic (257 ± 48 days) or appendicular chondroblastic (170 ± 28 days) OS (P = 0.003, Log Rank). The results also revealed that the appendicular chondroblastic subtype is a significant indicator for poor prognosis in dogs compared with the fibroblastic or osteoblastic subtypes (P = 0.006, Cox regression). Moreover, the findings indicated that there was no significant correlation between the localization of desmin, NSE or S100 and histological subtypes. Importantly, dogs with appendicular fibroblastic OS were found to have a better prognosis when compared with dogs with other subtypes. This may suggest that histological subtypes of appendicular OS have diverse behaviour and could be used to categorize patients for risk-based assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J S Nimmo
- Australian Specialised Animal Pathology Laboratory, Mulgrave, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J O Simcock
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - R Tarzi
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Avallone G, Stefanello D, Ferrari R, Roccabianca P. The controversial histologic classification of canine subcutaneous whorling tumours: The path to perivascular wall tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:3-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical sciences (DIMEVET)University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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16
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Koehler JW, Miller AD, Miller CR, Porter B, Aldape K, Beck J, Brat D, Cornax I, Corps K, Frank C, Giannini C, Horbinski C, Huse JT, O'Sullivan MG, Rissi DR, Mark Simpson R, Woolard K, Shih JH, Mazcko C, Gilbert MR, LeBlanc AK. A Revised Diagnostic Classification of Canine Glioma: Towards Validation of the Canine Glioma Patient as a Naturally Occurring Preclinical Model for Human Glioma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:1039-1054. [PMID: 30239918 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute-led multidisciplinary Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium (CBTC) convened a glioma pathology board, comprising both veterinarian and physician neuropathologists, and conducted a comprehensive review of 193 cases of canine glioma. The immediate goal was to improve existing glioma classification methods through creation of a histologic atlas of features, thus yielding greater harmonization of phenotypic characterization. The long-term goal was to support future incorporation of clinical outcomes and genomic data into proposed simplified diagnostic schema, so as to further bridge the worlds of veterinary and physician neuropathology and strengthen validity of the dog as a naturally occurring, translationally relevant animal model of human glioma. All cases were morphologically reclassified according to a new schema devised by the entire board, yielding a majority opinion diagnosis of astrocytoma (43, 22.3%), 19 of which were low-grade and 24 high-grade, and oligodendroglioma (134, 69.4%), 35 of which were low-grade and 99 were high-grade. Sixteen cases (8.3%) could not be classified as oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma based on morphology alone and were designated as undefined gliomas. The simplified classification scheme proposed herein provides a tractable means for future addition of molecular data, and also serves to highlight histologic similarities and differences between human and canine glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Neurology.,Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Brat
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego California
| | - Kara Corps
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology.,Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason T Huse
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center Comparative Pathology Shared Resource and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joanna H Shih
- Biometrics Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NeuroOncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Castillo-Tandazo W, Mutsaers AJ, Walkley CR. Osteosarcoma in the Post Genome Era: Preclinical Models and Approaches to Identify Tractable Therapeutic Targets. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:343-352. [PMID: 31529263 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone, yet is classified as a rare cancer. Treatment and outcomes for OS have not substantively changed in several decades. While the decoding of the OS genome greatly advanced the understanding of the mutational landscape of OS, immediately actionable therapeutic targets were not apparent. Here we describe recent preclinical models that can be leveraged to identify, test, and prioritize therapeutic candidates. RECENT FINDINGS The generation of multiple high fidelity murine models of OS, the spontaneous disease that arises in pet dogs, and the establishment of a diverse collection of patient-derived OS xenografts provide a robust preclinical platform for OS. These models enable evidence to be accumulated across multiple stages of preclinical evaluation. Chemical and genetic screening has identified therapeutic targets, often demonstrating cross species activity. Clinical trials in both PDX models and in canine OS have effectively tested new therapies for prioritization. Improving clinical outcomes in OS has proven elusive. The integrated target discovery and testing possible through a cross species platform provides validation of a putative target and may enable the rigorous evaluation of new therapies in models where endpoints can be rapidly assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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18
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Alegre F, Ormonde AR, Godinez DR, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Wittenburg LA. The interaction between RUNX2 and core binding factor beta as a potential therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:52-63. [PMID: 31381810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary bone tumour in dogs with half of affected dogs unable to survive 1 year beyond diagnosis. New therapeutic options are needed to improve outcomes for this disease. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic targets have focused on cell surface molecules with little clear therapeutic benefit. Transcription factors and protein interactions represent underdeveloped areas of therapeutic drug development. We have utilized allosteric inhibitors of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, comprised of core binding factor beta (CBFβ) and RUNX2, in four canine osteosarcoma cell lines Active inhibitor compounds demonstrate anti-tumour activities with concentrations demonstrated to be achievable in vivo while an inactive, structural analogue has no activity. We show that CBFβ inhibitors are capable of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting clonogenic cell growth, altering cell cycle progression and impeding migration and invasion in a cell line-dependent manner. These effects coincide with a reduced interaction between RUNX2 and CBFβ and alterations in expression of RUNX2 target genes. We also show that addition of CBFβ inhibitors to the commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin leads to additive and/or synergistic anti-proliferative effects in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, we have identified the interaction between components of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, RUNX2 and CBFβ, as a potential novel therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma and provide justification for further investigations into the anti-tumour activities we describe here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda R Ormonde
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dayn R Godinez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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19
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Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6020048. [PMID: 31130627 PMCID: PMC6631450 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Osteosarcomas are rare in humans, but occur more commonly in dogs. A comparative approach to studying osteosarcoma has highlighted many clinical and biologic aspects of the disease that are similar between dogs and humans; however, important species-specific differences are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe risk factors for the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, including height and body size, genetics, and conditions that increase turnover of bone-forming cells, underscoring the concept that stochastic mutational events associated with cellular replication are likely to be the major molecular drivers of this disease. We also discuss adaptive, cancer-protective traits that have evolved in large, long-lived mammals, and how increasing size and longevity in the absence of natural selection can account for the elevated bone cancer risk in modern domestic dogs.
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