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Drzewiecka B, Przekora A, Dobko D, Kozera A, Krać K, Nguyen Ngoc D, Fernández-De la Cruz E, Wessely-Szponder J. Analysis of In Vitro Leukocyte Responses to Biomaterials in the Presence of Antimicrobial Porcine Neutrophil Extract (AMPNE). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5691. [PMID: 37629982 PMCID: PMC10456664 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Implant insertion can evoke excessive inflammation which disrupts the healing process and potentially leads to complications such as implant rejection. Neutrophils and macrophages play a vital role in the early inflammatory phase of tissue repair, necessitating the study of cellular responses in host-implant interactions. In order to deepen the knowledge about these interactions, the response of neutrophils and macrophages to contact with selected biomaterials was examined in vitro on the basis of secretory response as well as reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation. Porcine neutrophils exposed to hydroxyapatite (HA) released more enzymes and generated higher levels of ROS/RNS compared to the control group. The addition of AMPNE diminished these responses. Although the results from porcine cells can provide valuable preliminary data, further validation using human cells or clinical studies would be necessary to fully extrapolate the findings to human medicine. Our study revealed that human neutrophils after contact of with HA increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) (10.00 ± 0.08 vs. control group 3.0 ± 0.11 µM, p < 0.05), while HAP or FAP did not elicit a significant response. Human macrophages cultured with HA produced more superoxide and NO, while HAP or FAP had a minimal effect, and curdlan reduced ROS/RNS generation. The addition of AMPNE to cultures with all biomaterials, except curdlan, reduced neutrophil activity, regardless of the peptides' origin. These results highlight the potential of antimicrobial peptides in modulating excessive biomaterial/host cell reactions involving neutrophils and macrophages, enhancing our understanding of immune reactions, and suggesting that AMPNE could regulate leukocyte response during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Drzewiecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Dobko
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kozera
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Krać
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Dominika Nguyen Ngoc
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Eric Fernández-De la Cruz
- Department of Pathology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (D.N.N.)
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Hydroxyapatite or Fluorapatite—Which Bioceramic Is Better as a Base for the Production of Bone Scaffold?—A Comprehensive Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065576. [PMID: 36982648 PMCID: PMC10059826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the most common calcium phosphate ceramic that is used in biomedical applications, e.g., as an inorganic component of bone scaffolds. Nevertheless, fluorapatite (FAP) has gained great attention in the area of bone tissue engineering in recent times. The aim of this study was a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the biomedical potential of fabricated HAP- and FAP-based bone scaffolds, to assess which bioceramic is better for regenerative medicine applications. It was demonstrated that both biomaterials had a macroporous microstructure, with interconnected porosity, and were prone to slow and gradual degradation in a physiological environment and in acidified conditions mimicking the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption process. Surprisingly, FAP-based biomaterial revealed a significantly higher degree of biodegradation than biomaterial containing HAP, which indicated its higher bioabsorbability. Importantly, the biomaterials showed a similar level of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity regardless of the bioceramic type. Both scaffolds had the ability to induce apatite formation on their surfaces, proving their bioactive property, that is crucial for good implant osseointegration. In turn, performed biological experiments showed that tested bone scaffolds were non-toxic and their surfaces promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the biomaterials did not exert a stimulatory effect on immune cells, since they did not generate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), indicating a low risk of inflammatory response after implantation. In conclusion, based on the obtained results, both FAP- and HAP-based scaffolds have an appropriate microstructure and high biocompatibility, being promising biomaterials for bone regeneration applications. However, FAP-based biomaterial has higher bioabsorbability than the HAP-based scaffold, which is a very important property from the clinical point of view, because it enables a progressive replacement of the bone scaffold with newly formed bone tissue.
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Szponder T, Latalski M, Danielewicz A, Krać K, Kozera A, Drzewiecka B, Nguyen Ngoc D, Dobko D, Wessely-Szponder J. Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and New Regenerative Therapies. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010005. [PMID: 36614806 PMCID: PMC9821671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease resulting in a progressive loss of articular cartilage structure and function that is most common in middle-aged and older patients. OA is involved in the loss of extracellular matrix and cartilage as well as cell number decreases within the matrix, especially in the further stages of the disease. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of this condition. Both humoral and cellular mediators contribute to cartilage destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, synovitis, and joint effusion. The increasing prevalence of this disease has led to a growing interest in using animal models as the primary way to broaden the knowledge of the pathogenesis of OA and possible therapies at each stage of disease development. This review aims to describe the signs, pathogenesis, and classification of OA as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some animal models. The currently used treatment methods include mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, gene therapies, and blood-derived products. In addition, exogenous growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet lysate, and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) are discussed with the application of tissue engineering techniques and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children’s Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Children’s Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krać
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kozera
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Drzewiecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Nguyen Ngoc
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Dobko
- Students Research Group of Veterinary Analysts, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Przekora A, Penolazzi L, Kalisz G, Kazimierczak P, Canal C, Wojcik M, Piva R, Sroka-Bartnicka A. Osteoclast-mediated acidic hydrolysis of thermally gelled curdlan component of the bone scaffolds: Is it possible? Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Involvement of Neutrophils in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071604. [PMID: 35884909 PMCID: PMC9313259 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disability that significantly impairs quality of life. OA is one of the most prevalent joint pathologies in the world, characterized by joint pain and stiffness due to the degeneration of articular cartilage and the remodeling of subchondral bone. OA pathogenesis is unique in that it involves simultaneous reparative and degradative mechanisms. Low-grade inflammation as opposed to high-grade allows for this coexistence. Previously, macrophages and T cells have been identified as playing major roles in the inflammation and destruction of OA joints, but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophils also contribute to the pathogenesis. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to enter the synovium after joint injury, and neutrophilic activity is indispensably a requisite for the progression of OA. Neutrophils act through multiple mechanisms including tissue degeneration via neutrophil elastase (NE), osteophyte development, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. As the actions of neutrophils in OA are discovered, the potential for novel therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic methods are revealed. The use of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs), microRNAs, and exosomes are among the newest therapeutic advances in OA treatment, and this review reveals how they can be used to mitigate destructive neutrophil activity.
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Prospects and Applications of Natural Blood-Derived Products in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010472. [PMID: 35008900 PMCID: PMC8745602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are a number of therapeutic schemes used for the treatment of various types of musculoskeletal disorders. However, despite the use of new treatment options, therapeutic failure remains common due to impaired and delayed healing, or implant rejection. Faced with this challenge, in recent years regenerative medicine started looking for alternative solutions that could additionally support tissue regeneration. This review aims to outline the functions and possible clinical applications of, and future hopes associated with, using autologous or heterologous products such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), microvesicles (MVs), and neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) obtained from circulating neutrophils. Moreover, different interactions between neutrophils and platelets are described. Certain products released from neutrophils are critical for interactions between different immune cells to ensure adequate tissue repair. By acting directly and indirectly on host cells, these neutrophil-derived products can modulate the body’s inflammatory responses in various ways. The development of new formulations based on these products and their clinically proven success would give hope for significant progress in regenerative therapy in human and veterinary medicine.
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The Effect of Neutrophil-Derived Products on the Function of Leukocytes Obtained after Titanium Implantation in the Ovine Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123569. [PMID: 34944343 PMCID: PMC8698126 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Titanium is one of the most commonly used biomaterials for implantation as a part of the orthopedic procedures. However, this biomaterial can cause an excessive inflammatory response, even leading to rejection of the implant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the overall organism response after insertion of Ti implant and the activity of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), to evaluate the possible negative effect of this biomaterial on the host cells. Our study revealed that insertion of the Ti implant did not evoke systemic inflammatory response or activation of leukocytes. Additionally, we evaluated the activity of neutrophils and MDM after stimulation with autologous neutrophil products, namely, antimicrobial neutrophil extract and neutrophil degranulation product as two potential regulators of inflammatory response. Antimicrobial neutrophil extract appeared to be a factor causing the decrease of secretory neutrophil response and polarization of MDM towards pro-resolving phenotype, whereas the neutrophil degranulation product acted as pro-inflammatory. Abstract Titanium (Ti) is currently the most common biomaterial used for orthopedic implants; however, these implants may cause deleterious immune response. To investigate the possible mechanisms involved in excessive inflammation, we assessed the activity of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) during the insertion of the Ti implant in a sheep model. The study was conducted on 12 sheep, 4 of which were control animals and 8 were in the experimental group with inserted Ti implant. Neutrophil secretory response was estimated at two time points T0 before surgery and T1 1 h after implantation and was based on the release of enzymes from neutrophil granules and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. MDM function was evaluated 5 months after implantation, on the basis of RONS generation arginase activity and morphological changes. Moreover, the influence of some autologous neutrophil derived products, namely, antimicrobial neutrophil extract (ANE) and neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) on leukocytes was estimated. Our study revealed that Ti implant insertion did not cause any adverse effects up to 5 months after surgical procedure. Stimulation of neutrophil cultures with ANE decreased the enzyme release as well as superoxide generation. Treatment of MDM with ANE diminished superoxide and NO generation and increased arginase activity. On the other hand, MDM stimulated with DGP showed elevated superoxide and NO generation as well as decreased arginase activity. To summarize, ANE exerted an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effect on studied leukocytes, whereas DGP acted as pro-inflammatory.
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Zdziennicka J, Junkuszew A, Latalski M, Świeca M, Wessely-Szponder J. Long-term Interactions of Circulating Neutrophils with Titanium Implants, the Role of Platelets in Regulation of Leukocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810060. [PMID: 34576225 PMCID: PMC8472739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that different biomaterials are widely used in many biomedical applications, they can still cause side effects. Therefore, our aim was to assess neutrophil activity during the inflammatory phase of the repair process and long-term interactions between circulating neutrophils and Titanium (Ti) implants. Additionally, neutrophil in vitro response after stimulation by the extract of antimicrobial peptides (AMP extract), pentoxifylline (PTX) and some platelet-rich (L-PRP and PURE PRP) and platelet-poor (PPP) concentrates were tested. The study was conducted on eight sheep after Ti implant insertion into the tibia and revealed that the Ti implant did not cause any side effects during the course of experiment. After addition of L-PRP into neutrophils, culture activity of these cells significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas treatment with AMP extract, PURE PRP, PPP or PTX caused decrease in neutrophil enzymatic response (on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase release) and free radical generation. These effects were observed in neutrophils isolated during the inflammatory phase as well as 4 and 10 months after implantation. Obtained results will be useful in regulation of inflammatory response during implantation of biomaterial and create possibility to modulate the cells response towards pro- or anti-inflammatory to reduce host tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zdziennicka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Junkuszew
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-445-67-74
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Zdziennicka J, Szponder T, Wessely-Szponder J. Application of Natural Neutrophil Products for Stimulation of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Obtained before and after Osteochondral or Bone Injury. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010124. [PMID: 33430306 PMCID: PMC7825756 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the use of some neutrophil products, namely; autologous rabbit antimicrobial neutrophil extract (rANE), heterologous porcine antimicrobial neutrophil extract (pANE), neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) and neutrophil microvesicles (MVs) for stimulation of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to improve healing. Two animal models were evaluated; the rabbit model for autologous osteochondral transplantation (OT) with application of rabbit ANE, DGP or MVs for MDMs stimulation, and the ovine model of the insertion of a Ti implant with the use of porcine ANE, and ovine DGP or MVs for MDMs stimulation. Macrophage activity was assessed on the basis of free radical generation and arginase activity. We estimated that DGP acted in a pro-inflammatory way both on rabbit and ovine MDMs. On the other hand, MVs acted as anti-inflammatory stimulator on MDMs in both experiments. The response to ANE depended on origin of extract (autologous or heterologous). Macrophages from rabbits before and after OT stimulated with autologous extract generated lower amount of NO and superoxide, especially after transplantation. In the ovine model of Ti implant insertion, heterologous ANE evoked increased macrophage pro-inflammatory activity. Our study revealed that these neutrophil products could regulate activity of macrophages, polarizing them into pro-or anti-inflammatory phenotypes that could enhance bone and osteochondral tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zdziennicka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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