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Eshaghian N, Zare MJ, Mohammadian MK, Gozidehkar Z, Ahansaz A, Askari G, Asadi M, Milajerdi A, Sadeghi O. Sugar sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, and cancer: what we know and what still needs to be assessed. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1301335. [PMID: 38178975 PMCID: PMC10764622 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1301335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of death in the world. In addition to early mortality, cancer is associated with disability in affected patients. Among environmental risk factors, special attention has been paid to the role of dietary factors. In recent decades, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and natural fruit juices has increased. Several studies have assessed the effects of these beverages on human health and found that a higher intake of SSBs is associated with a greater risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, current evidence for cancer incidence and mortality is not conclusive. In the current review, we concluded that SSBs intake might be positively associated with cancer incidence/mortality through their increasing effects on obesity, inflammatory biomarkers, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and advanced glycation end-products. Such a positive association was also seen for natural fruit juices. However, types of natural fruit juices were not considered in most previous studies. In addition, some types of cancer including brain, lung, and renal cancers were not assessed in relation to SSBs and natural fruit juices. Therefore, further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Eshaghian
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Gozidehkar
- Department of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ahansaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Naja F, Hasan H, Khadem SH, Buanq MA, Al-Mulla HK, Aljassmi AK, Faris ME. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association With Sleep Quality and Chronotype Among Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805955. [PMID: 35127790 PMCID: PMC8808718 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence indicates that many university students have poor adherence to a healthy diet accompanied by unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field of research that examines the pattern of optimum daily activity in relation to the human's dietary patterns, and their reflections of variable health indicators such as sleep quality. However, there is a scarcity of research that examines the relationship between adherence to the healthy eating pattern, like the Mediterranean diet (MD), with sleep quality and chronotype among university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, and convenience sampling was used. Participants were assessed for adherence to the MD using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and for chronotype using the Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Results The study included 503 university students, most of them (81.5%) were females. Only 15.1 and 16.9% reported morningness chronotype and good sleep quality, respectively. About half of the students showed medium and high adherence to the KIMED. In-depth analysis revealed that students with good adherence to the MD were more likely to have a good sleep quality (OR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.21–0.59; P < 0.001) even after adjustment for age and sex (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.21–0.62; P < 0.001). The regression analysis also showed that those with good adherence to the MD had a significant association with better subjective sleep quality, less sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction even after adjustment for age and sex. Those with morningness chronotype had about a six-fold higher chance to have good adherence to the MD (OR = 5.67; 95%CI: 2.86–11.26; P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Good adherence to the healthy diet presented in the MD among university students is associated with morningness chronotype and with improved overall sleep quality and sleep components. Long-term, controlled intervention research works are warranted for more elaboration on the impact of chronotype and dietary habits on sleep quality and other important aspects such as mental health and academic achievement.
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Alfawaz H, Khan N, Alqahtani S, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Aljumah MA, Al-Daghri NM. Difference on the prevalence, patterns and awareness of soft drink consumption among male and female Arab students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:e657-e666. [PMID: 33097929 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in soft drink (SD) consumption is emerging as a serious health issue. Our aim is to explore the prevalence and awareness regarding SD consumption among Saudi students. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1000 apparently healthy Saudi students (527 males, 473 females) aged 16-23 years. A designed questionnaire including various sections was used to obtain the required information. RESULTS The BMI and frequency of SD consumption were significantly higher in males (P < 0.001) than females, whereas, females exhibited higher awareness and knowledge regarding SD consumption than males. The SD consumption in females was due to society, taste, availability and markets, whereas in males it was due to cheap price. Females support the implementation of new policies to prevent consumption of SD. CONCLUSIONS Arab students exhibited a high prevalence of SD consumption especially in males. Although females showed more awareness and knowledge about SD, various misconceptions were notable in both sexes. New policies, health promotion campaigns must be organized to raise awareness among children and parents. Parents and health educators should motivate and encourage the children to consume more water in the context of a healthy balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia.,Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences,, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra, 400 Sultanate of Oman
| | - Seham Alqahtani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneerah A Aljumah
- College of Medicine Medical Student, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Joh HK, Lim CS, Cho B. Lifestyle and Dietary Factors Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Korean Young Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1110-20. [PMID: 26240489 PMCID: PMC4520942 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vitamin D status is highly prevalent in the Korean population, especially among young adults. Nonetheless, correlates of suboptimal vitamin D levels in young adults are not well defined. This study aimed to investigate potentially modifiable determinants of vitamin D levels in young adults in Korea. This cross-sectional study was based on health check-up data from 3,450 healthy male and female university students aged 18-29 yr in Seoul between April and May 2013. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Anthropometric data were measured, and lifestyle, dietary, and sociodemographic factors were obtained through self-administered questionnaires. General linear regression was used to assess correlates of serum 25(OH)D levels. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 11.1 ng/mL, and the prevalence of 25(OH)D levels less than 10 ng/mL was 44.7% (39.5% in men, 50.2% in women). In a final multivariable model, significant positive correlates of serum 25(OH)D were older age, male sex, increased physical activity, sunlight exposure ≥ 30 min/day, eating breakfast regularly, consumption of dairy and fatty fish, and use of vitamin D-containing supplements. In contrast, significant inverse correlates were obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) or underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), abdominal obesity, increased sedentary time, and frequent consumption of instant noodles and sugar-sweetened beverages. In conclusion, many modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors were associated with low serum 25(OH)D levels in Korean young adults. Further studies on potential mechanisms of the correlates and optimal strategies to improve vitamin D status in this vulnerable subpopulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Joh
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - BeLong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ali HI, Jarrar AH, Abo-El-Enen M, Al Shamsi M, Al Ashqar H. Students' perspectives on promoting healthful food choices from campus vending machines: a qualitative interview study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:512. [PMID: 26017801 PMCID: PMC4446908 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing the healthfulness of campus food environments is an important step in promoting healthful food choices among college students. This study explored university students’ suggestions on promoting healthful food choices from campus vending machines. It also examined factors influencing students’ food choices from vending machines. Methods Peer-led semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 43 undergraduate students (33 females and 10 males) recruited from students enrolled in an introductory nutrition course in a large national university in the United Arab Emirates. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded to generate themes using N-Vivo software. Results Accessibility, peer influence, and busy schedules were the main factors influencing students’ food choices from campus vending machines. Participants expressed the need to improve the nutritional quality of the food items sold in the campus vending machines. Recommendations for students’ nutrition educational activities included placing nutrition tips on or beside the vending machines and using active learning methods, such as competitions on nutrition knowledge. Conclusions The results of this study have useful applications in improving the campus food environment and nutrition education opportunities at the university to assist students in making healthful food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba I Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amjad H Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mostafa Abo-El-Enen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. .,Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Hotels Department, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Al Shamsi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Huda Al Ashqar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Shang L, O’Loughlin J, Tremblay A, Gray-Donald K. The association between food patterns and adiposity among Canadian children at risk of overweight. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:195-201. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Identifying food patterns related to obesity can provide information for health promotion in nutrition. Food patterns and their relation with obesity among Canadian children have not been reported to date. Our aim was to identify and describe food patterns associated with obesity in children at risk of overweight. Caucasian children (n = 630) with at least 1 obese biological parent recruited into the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort were studied in cross-sectional analyses. Measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat mass percentage measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), screen time, physical activity (accelerometer over 7 days), and dietary intake (three 24-h food recalls) were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. The relationships between food patterns and overweight were investigated in logistic and multiple linear regression models. Three food patterns were retained for analysis: traditional food (red meats, main dishes–soups, high-fat dairy products, tomato products, dressings, etc.); healthy food (low-fat dairy products, whole grains, legumes–nuts–seeds, fruits, vegetables); and fast food (sugar-sweetened beverages, fried potatoes, fried chicken, hamburgers–hot dogs–pizza, salty snacks). Higher scores on the fast food pattern were associated with overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile), and other measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass percentage) after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, screen time, sleep time, family income, and mother’s obesity (p < 0.05). Controlling for energy intake did not change these relationships. Our results provide further evidence of a link between fast food intake and obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jennifer O’Loughlin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Gray-Donald
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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de Moraes ACF, Falcão MC. Lifestyle factors and socioeconomic variables associated with abdominal obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:1-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.745900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Trainer S. Negotiating weight and body image in the UAE: strategies among young Emirati women. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:314-24. [PMID: 22389251 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate weight, nutritional status, and attitudes toward weight and health among a cohort of young women drawn from local populations in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS This sample was composed of 103 female Emiratis, aged 18-30. Eighty of the women were students at Zayed University (ZU) in Dubai and 23 were students at UAE University (UAEU) in Al Ain. Research was divided into two phases. Methods included the collection of weight and height measurements (to analyze BMIs) and body fat percentages; 24-h food and activity recalls; semistructured, structured, and unstructured interviews; and participant observation. RESULTS The distribution of BMIs in this sample was skewed toward underweight and normal weight in the ZU sample and split evenly between underweight-to-normal and overweight-to-obese in the UAEU sample, a finding that stands in contrast to the high rates of overweight and obesity reported in other age cohorts in local populations. This lower distribution of BMIs was correlated with widely expressed concern over body image, whereas reported interest in nutrition was much lower. Dietary patterns reflected attempts to manage weight. There was a marked trend toward nutritionally poor diets and sedentary living. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and overweight among young women in the Emirati population do not appear to be as significant a problem as they are in older populations. However, several other health-related causes for concern emerged in this study, including extreme dieting strategies, insufficient micronutrient and protein intake, and widespread inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trainer
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic literature review was conducted to determine whether sweetened beverage intake increases the risk for obesity, and the extent to which it has contributed to recent increases in energy intake and adiposity in the USA. DESIGN The search included studies published between 1970 and 2010 that examined secular trends, mechanisms, observational associations and intervention outcomes. Observational and intervention studies were abstracted and systematically evaluated for quality. SETTING Trends in obesity prevalence in the USA and studies from industrialized (developed) countries were included. SUBJECTS Studies were included for all ages, genders, ethnic and socio-economic groups for which data were available. RESULTS Obesity rates and sweetened beverage intake have increased in tandem in the USA. Studies consistently show that higher intake of sweetened beverages is associated with higher energy intake. Energy in liquid form is not well compensated for by reductions in the intake of other sources of energy. Well-designed observational studies consistently show a significant positive relationship between sweetened beverage intake and adiposity. More importantly, several well-conducted randomized controlled trials have shown statistically significant changes in adiposity as a result of corresponding changes in sweetened beverage intake. CONCLUSIONS All lines of evidence consistently support the conclusion that the consumption of sweetened beverages has contributed to the obesity epidemic. It is estimated that sweetened beverages account for at least one-fifth of the weight gained between 1977 and 2007 in the US population. Actions that are successful in reducing sweetened beverage consumption are likely to have a measurable impact on obesity.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the literature concerning the relationship between meal patterns and childhood obesity. Literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed in October 2009 for studies published in the last 18-24 months. RECENT FINDINGS Available data indicate that not only meal composition but also some components that form a specific meal pattern can promote childhood obesity. Reducing meal and snack frequency, especially breakfast skipping, seem to be such components. On the contrary, limiting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and snack foods (defined as high-fat, energy-dense foods) may be associated with a reduction in the risk of obesity. SUMMARY There is still much to be learned about specific aspects of the association between meal patterns and obesity. Although current knowledge does not allow one to draw any definitive conclusions, it provides a solid basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Patro
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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