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Moradian ST, Beitollahi F, Ghiasi MS, Vahedian-Azimi A. Capnography and Pulse Oximetry Improve Fast Track Extubation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Surg 2022; 9:826761. [PMID: 35647019 PMCID: PMC9130597 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.826761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of capnography as a non-invasive method during the weaning process for fast track extubation (FTE) is controversial. We conducted the present study to determine whether pulse oximetry and capnography could be utilized as alternatives to arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 70 patients, who were candidates for CABG surgery, were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 35), intervention and control group. In the intervention group, the ventilator management and weaning from MV was done using Etco2 from capnography and SpO2 from pulse oximetry. Meanwhile, in the control group, weaning was done based on ABG analysis. The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, time to extubation, number of manual ventilators setting changes, and alarms were compared between the groups. Results The end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels in the intervention group were completely similar to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCo2) in the control group (39.5 ± 3.1 vs. 39.4 ± 4.32, p > 0.05). The mean extubation times were significantly shorter in the intervention group compared to those in the control patients (212.2 ± 80.6 vs. 342.7 ± 110.7, p < 0.001). Moreover, the number of changes in the manual ventilator setting and the number of alarms were significantly lower in the intervention group. However, the differences in the length of stay in ICU between the two groups were not significant (p = 0.219). Conclusion Our results suggests that capnography can be used as an alternative to ABG. Furthermore, it is a safe and valuable monitor that could be a good alternative for ABG in this population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and on different disease states and populations are required to assess the accuracy of our findings. Clinical Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials, IRCT, IRCT201701016778N6, Registered 3 March 2017, https://www.irct.ir/trial/7192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Tayeb Moradian
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemah Beitollahi
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ghiasi
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Medicine Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Amir Vahedian-Azimi
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Shah R, Streat DA, Auerbach M, Shabanova V, Langhan ML. Improving Capnography Use for Critically Ill Emergency Patients: An Implementation Study. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:e26-e32. [PMID: 32175968 PMCID: PMC8719501 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Capnography has established benefit during intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Implementation within emergency departments (EDs) has lagged. We sought to address barriers to improve documented capnography use for patients requiring intubation or CPR. METHODS A controlled before- and after-implementation study was performed in 2 urban EDs. The control site had an existing policy for capnography use. Interventions for the experimental site included a 5-minute informational video, placement of capnography monitors with a shortened warm-up period in all resuscitation rooms, laminated reminder cards, and feedback during staff meetings. Staff members were surveyed about knowledge before and after the intervention. Records were reviewed for documented capnography use for 3 months before and 6 months after the intervention. Change in documented use at the experimental site was compared with the control site. RESULTS At the experimental site, 118 providers participated and 190 records were reviewed; 544 records were reviewed from the control site. There was a significant increase in the proportion of documented capnography use at the experimental site (8% versus 19%, P = 0.04) compared with the control site (64% versus 71%, P = 0.10). However, there was no significant trend over time at the experimental site after the intervention (P = 0.86). Despite high baseline knowledge about capnography, providers had improvements in survey responses regarding indications for intubation and CPR, normal values, and minimum effective values during CPR. CONCLUSIONS Documented capnography use increased with simple interventions but with no positive trend. Additional work is needed to improve use, including further evaluation of capnography's implementation in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shah
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Marc Auerbach
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Melissa L. Langhan
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Pham YL, Beauchamp J. Breath Biomarkers in Diagnostic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185514. [PMID: 34576985 PMCID: PMC8468811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Recent advancements in metabolomics research have led to improved capabilities to explore human metabolic profiles in breath. Despite some notable challenges in sampling and analysis, exhaled breath represents a desirable medium for metabolomics applications, foremost due to its non-invasive, convenient and practically limitless availability. Several breath-based tests that target either endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds are currently established and are in practical and/or clinical use. This review outlines the concept of breath analysis in the context of these unique tests and their applications. The respective breath biomarkers targeted in each test are discussed in relation to their physiological production in the human body and the development and implementation of the associated tests. The paper concludes with a brief insight into prospective tests and an outlook of the future direction of breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lan Pham
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Beauchamp
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Gurlu R, Tolu Kendir O, Baspinar O, Erkek N. Can Non-Invasive Capnography and Integrated Pulmonary Index Contribute to Patient Monitoring in the Pediatric Emergency Department? KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2021; 234:26-32. [PMID: 34359093 DOI: 10.1055/a-1546-1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noninvasive capnography (NICG) devices can measure oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), respiratory rate, heart rate values and integrated pulmonary index (IPI). This study aimed to evaluate patients who were monitored using NICG for various indications in a pediatric emergency department and to determine its contribution to patient management in the pediatric emergency department (PED). METHODS In this study, children aged <18 years who had been monitored with a NICG at the PED in our university between August 2018-May 2019 were evaluated. Of them 48 patients' file records and monitored capnography parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, Glasgow Coma Score, SpO2, EtCO2, IPI recorded in the forms were reviewed. RESULTS Patients most often presented to the emergency room due to seizures (35.4%), change in consciousness (22.9%), other neurological reasons (18.8%) with %50 were female. Seizure treatment(16.7%), circulatory-respiratory support(16.7%), and antiedema treatments(6.3%) were required for 39.5% patients as life-saving interventions, and 72.9% patients were hospitalized. Patients with low IPI(<8) values at the beginning and decreasing IPI (<8) measurements within monitoring period needed more life-saving treatments(p=0.005 and p=0.001, respectively). Low IPI values of the patients during monitoring showed a significant difference in the decision to be hospitalized(p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that monitoring with NICG in the pediatric emergency room can be an important early indicator in establishing clinical prediction. The study particularly points out that the IPI value can be a guide in decisions regarding life-saving treatment and hospitalization. Among the capnographic data of these patients who had a change in consciousness IPI values those measured at the beginning and within the monitorizarion period showed a significant correlation with low GCS (<8) (r=0.478, p=0.001 and r=0.456, p=0.02, respectively). Prospective comprehensive large scale studies are needed to examine the use of NICG and IPI in routine PED practice for various indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Gurlu
- Pediatrics, Emergency Care Unit, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Tolu Kendir
- Pediatrics, Emergency Care Unit, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Omer Baspinar
- Pediatrics, Emergency Care Unit, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Erkek
- Pediatrics, Emergency Care Unit, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Aldossary DN, Milton S. A focused ethnography of how endoscopy practitioners utilize capnography in sedated patients. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE 2020. [DOI: 10.4081/qrmh.2020.9077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature shows that respiratory complications are common with sedation. Given the inherent risk, capnography monitoring is recommended whenever sedation is administered. We aimed to explore sedation practitioners’ behavior patterns and perceptions regarding capnography monitoring during endoscopy sedation and examine how capnography influenced clinical decision making when assessing respiration. We conducted a focused ethnography with triangulated observations and semi-structured interviews, and we purposively sampled and recruited five sedation practitioners as participants at a hospital in Saudi Arabia. Through data analysis, we identified representative themes and found cultural differences between anesthesia practitioners and nurses when using capnography during sedation. Anesthesia practitioners linked safety and the use of capnography to maintain adequate respiration, while nurses believed capnography was a secondary supportive monitor to patient observation and assessment. Findings also captured the unique cultures and values of each professional group to be associated with the varying perceptions. We also identified several factors facilitating and barring adequate utilization of capnography. In conclusion, professional culture, hospital policy, knowledge and previous experience with capnography guided the monitoring practice of endoscopy practitioners when assessing respiration during sedation.
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American Society for Pain Management Nursing Guidelines on Monitoring for Opioid-Induced Advancing Sedation and Respiratory Depression: Revisions. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 21:7-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zito A, Berardinelli A, Butler R, Morrison SL, Albert NM. Association of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring With Nurses' Confidence in Patient Readiness for Postanesthesia Discharge. J Perianesth Nurs 2019; 34:971-977. [PMID: 31182292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2) value increased nurses' perceptions of confidence in patients' readiness for postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional, comparative, one-group (pre-post) design. METHODS Nurses completed 2 assessments of confidence in readiness for discharge, before and after etCO2 monitoring. Patient (discharge pain level, body mass index, sleep apnea history, and opioid use) and nurse factors were assessed. Analyses included descriptive and comparative statistics. FINDINGS Of 133 patients, mean (standard deviation) etCO2 was 36.1 (5.7) mm Hg. Nurses' confidence in readiness for discharge differed before and after etCO2 assessment. Confidence score decreased when etCO2 was low (P = .003) or high (P = .005), compared with normal values. In linear regression, etCO2 remained a factor in nurses' confidence in readiness for discharge (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In a PACU, etCO2 monitoring changed nurses' perceptions of confidence in patients' readiness for discharge.
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Clark CL, Weavind LM, Nelson SE, Wilkie JL, Conway JT, Freundlich RE. Nursing attitudes towards continuous capnographic monitoring of floor patients. BMJ Open Qual 2018; 7:e000416. [PMID: 30246157 PMCID: PMC6144903 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nurses’ perceptions of the utility of capnography monitoring are inconsistent in previous studies. We sought to outline the limitations of a uniform education effort in bringing about consistent views of capnography among nurses. Methods A survey was administered to 22 nurses in three subacute care floors participating in a pragmatic clinical trial employing capnography monitoring in a large, urban tertiary care hospital. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the value and acceptance nurses ascribed to the practice. Means and SD were calculated for each response. Results Survey results indicated inconsistency in the valuation of capnography, coupled with varying degrees of acceptance of its use. The mean for the level of perceived impact of capnography use on patient safety was 3.86, yet the perceived risk of removing capnography was represented by a mean of 2.57. The levels of urgency attached to apnoea alarms (mean 3.57, SD 1.57) were lower than those for alarms for oxygen saturation violations (mean 3.67, SD 1.32). The necessity for pulse oximetry monitoring was perceived as much higher than that for capnography monitoring (mean 1.76, SD 1.34), where ‘1’ represented pulse oximetry as more necessary and ‘5’ represented capnography as more necessary. Conclusions Nursing acceptance of capnography monitoring is a difficult endpoint to achieve. There is a need for better accounting for the external and internal influences on nurse perceptions and values to have greater success with the implementation of similar monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liza M Weavind
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sara E Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wilkie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel T Conway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Freundlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Jansen TD, Stutzman S, Yu C, Parry D, Olson DM. Pilot Study of Educational Gaming to Improve Adherence to an End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Protocol. J Contin Educ Nurs 2018; 49:79-83. [PMID: 29381171 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20180116-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is an important part of patient care. Understanding and interpreting ETCO2 wavelengths can be a challenge. This pilot study explored the efficacy of a novel approach to educating clinicians on ETCO2 monitoring via game theory. METHOD A video game application for ETCO2 monitoring was developed. Clinicians were encouraged to play the game over a 3-month period. Compliance with the ETCO2 protocol was compared in a random selection of patients admitted before, during, and after the intervention. RESULTS Thirty-eight clinicians completed the preand posttest, with a significant difference in test scores (p = .03). The intervention was associated with higher adherence to the ETCO2 protocol before and after the intervention (p < .05). CONCLUSION The availability of new technologies has created opportunities to develop new approaches to educate clinicians. This study showed that the use of a game improved adherence to the ETCO2 protocol. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2018;49(2):79-83.
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10
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Capnography Use During Intubation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2017; 33:457-461. [PMID: 27455341 PMCID: PMC5259553 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Capnography is indicated as a guide to assess and monitor both endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Our primary objective was to determine the effect of the 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines on the frequency of capnography use during critical events in children in the emergency department (ED). Our secondary objective was to examine associations between patient characteristics and capnography use among these patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on children aged 0 to 21 years who were intubated or received CPR in 2 academic children's hospital EDs between January 2009 and December 2012. Age, sex, time of arrival, medical or traumatic cause, length of CPR, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), documented use of capnography and colorimetry, capnography values, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-two patients were identified and analyzed. Intubation occurred in 95% of cases and CPR in 30% of cases. Capnography was documented in only 38% of intubated patients and 13% of patients requiring CPR. There was an overall decrease in capnography use after publication of the 2010 AHA recommendations (P = 0.05). Capnography use was associated with a longer duration of CPR and return of spontaneous circulation. CONCLUSIONS Despite the 2010 AHA recommendations, a minority of critically ill children are being monitored with capnography and an unexpected decrease in documented use occurred among our sample. Further education and implementation of capnography should take place to improve the use of this monitoring device for critically ill pediatric patients in the ED.
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Nadeem AUR, Gazmuri RJ, Waheed I, Nadeem R, Molnar J, Mahmood S, Dhillon SK, Morgan P. Adherence to Evidence-Base Endotracheal Intubation Practice Patterns by Intensivists and Emergency Department Physicians. J Acute Med 2017; 7:47-53. [PMID: 32995171 PMCID: PMC7517927 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.2017.0702.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation outside the operating room (OR) is mainly performed by intensive care (IC) physicians and emergency department (ED) physicians. We hypothesized that difference in practice patterns exists between these two groups of physicians. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on all endotracheal intubations that were performed out of OR over a fi ve year period at our health care facility. Practice patterns of IC and ED physicians were compared regarding use of (a) video laryngoscopy, (b) paralytic agents, (c) waveform capnography, and (d) use of larger size of endotracheal tube (internal diameter ≥ 8 mm). RESULTS A total of 201 patients underwent out of OR intubations over a 5 year period. IC physicians used more often than ED physicians video laryngoscopy (67% vs. 49%; p = 0.008), waveform capnography (99% vs. 86%; p = 0.001) and larger size endotracheal tubes (95% vs. 60%; p < 0.001). Conversely, paralytic agents were used less frequently by IC than ED physicians (12% vs. 51%; p < 0.001). The success of fi rst intubation attempt was higher by IC than ED physicians (82% vs. 67%; p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS IC physicians more often adhered to currently considered preferable practices for endotracheal intubation than ED physicians in this single center retrospective study. Although larger scale studies are needed to unveil the effects of different practice patterns on short and long term outcomes, the present study identifi es opportunity to bridge practice gaps that could lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ur Rehman Nadeem
- Lovell Federal Healthcare Center Captain James A. North Chicago, IL United States
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Raúl J Gazmuri
- Lovell Federal Healthcare Center Captain James A. North Chicago, IL United States
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Irfan Waheed
- Lovell Federal Healthcare Center Captain James A. North Chicago, IL United States
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Rashid Nadeem
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Janos Molnar
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- Lovell Federal Healthcare Center Captain James A. North Chicago, IL United States
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Sukhjit K Dhillon
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago, IL United States
| | - Paul Morgan
- Lovell Federal Healthcare Center Captain James A. North Chicago, IL United States
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Güder F, Ainla A, Redston J, Mosadegh B, Glavan A, Martin TJ, Whitesides GM. Paper-Based Electrical Respiration Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5727-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Firat Güder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Alar Ainla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Julia Redston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Ana Glavan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - T. J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Güder F, Ainla A, Redston J, Mosadegh B, Glavan A, Martin TJ, Whitesides GM. Paper-Based Electrical Respiration Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firat Güder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Alar Ainla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Julia Redston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Ana Glavan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - T. J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Carlisle H. Promoting the Use of Capnography in Acute Care Settings: An Evidence-Based Practice Project. J Perianesth Nurs 2015; 30:201-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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