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Chan BS, Buckley NA. Common pitfalls in the use of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate for cardiac toxic drug poisonings. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:213-218. [PMID: 38597366 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2337028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate is advocated for the treatment of sodium channel blocker poisoning, but its efficacy varies amongst different sodium channel blockers. This Commentary addresses common pitfalls and appropriate usage of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate therapy in cardiotoxic drug poisonings. SODIUM BICARBONATE WORKS SYNERGISTICALLY WITH HYPERVENTILATION Serum alkalinization is best achieved by the synergistic effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate and hyperventilation (PCO2 ∼ 30-35 mmHg [0.47-0.6 kPa]). This reduces the dose of sodium bicarbonate required to achieve serum alkalinization (pH ∼ 7.45-7.55) and avoids adverse effects from excessive doses of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate. VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE TO SODIUM BICARBONATE TREATMENT Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning responds well to sodium bicarbonate therapy, but many other sodium channel blockers may not. For instance, drugs that block the intercellular gap junctions, such as bupropion, do not respond well to alkalinization. For sodium channel blocker poisonings in which the expected response is unknown, a bolus of 1-2 mmol/kg sodium bicarbonate can be used to assess the response to alkalinization. SODIUM BICARBONATE CAN EXACERBATE TOXICITY FROM DRUGS ACTING ON MULTIPLE CARDIAC CHANNELS Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate can cause electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia, leading to QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes in poisonings with drugs that have mixed sodium and potassium cardiac channel properties, such as hydroxychloroquine and flecainide. THE GOAL FOR HYPERTONIC SODIUM BICARBONATE IS TO ACHIEVE THE ALKALINIZATION TARGET (∼PH 7.5), NOT COMPLETE CORRECTION OF QRS COMPLEX PROLONGATION Excessive doses of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate commonly occur if it is administered until the QRS complex duration is < 100 ms. A prolonged QRS complex duration is not specific for sodium channel blocker toxicity. Some sodium channel blockers do not respond, and even when there is a response, it takes a few hours for the QRS complex duration to return completely to normal. In addition, QRS complex prolongation can be due to a rate-dependent bundle branch block. So, no further doses should be given after achieving serum alkalinization (pH ∼ 7.45-7.55). MAXIMAL DOSING FOR HYPERTONIC SODIUM BICARBONATE A further strategy to avoid overdosing patients with hypertonic sodium bicarbonate is to set maximum doses. Exceeding 6 mmol/kg is likely to cause hypernatremia, fluid overload, metabolic alkalosis, and cerebral oedema in many patients and potentially be lethal. RECOMMENDATION FOR THE USE OF HYPERTONIC SODIUM BICARBONATE IN SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER POISONING We propose that hypertonic sodium bicarbonate therapy be used in patients with sodium channel blocker poisoning who have clinically significant toxicities such as seizures, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg) or ventricular dysrhythmia. We recommend initial bolus dosing of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate of 1-2 mmol/kg, which can be repeated if the patient remains unstable, up to a maximum dose of 6 mmol/kg. This is recommended to be administered in conjunction with mechanical ventilation and hyperventilation to achieve serum alkalinization (PCO2∼30-35 mmHg [4-4.7 kPa]) and a pH of ∼7.45-7.55. With repeated bolus doses of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate, it is imperative to monitor and correct potassium and sodium abnormalities and observe changes in serum pH and on the electrocardiogram. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate is an effective antidote for certain sodium channel blocker poisonings, such as tricyclic antidepressants, and when used in appropriate dosing, it works synergistically with hyperventilation to achieve serum alkalinization and to reduce sodium channel blockade. However, there are many pitfalls that can lead to excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy and severe adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Chan
- Discipline of Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Poisons Information, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- New South Wales Poisons Information, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Hirsch KG, Abella BS, Amorim E, Bader MK, Barletta JF, Berg K, Callaway CW, Friberg H, Gilmore EJ, Greer DM, Kern KB, Livesay S, May TL, Neumar RW, Nolan JP, Oddo M, Peberdy MA, Poloyac SM, Seder D, Taccone FS, Uzendu A, Walsh B, Zimmerman JL, Geocadin RG. Critical Care Management of Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and Neurocritical Care Society. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:1-37. [PMID: 38040992 PMCID: PMC10861627 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest is burdened by a lack of high-quality clinical studies and the resultant lack of high-certainty evidence. This results in limited practice guideline recommendations, which may lead to uncertainty and variability in management. Critical care management is crucial in patients after cardiac arrest and affects outcome. Although guidelines address some relevant topics (including temperature control and neurological prognostication of comatose survivors, 2 topics for which there are more robust clinical studies), many important subject areas have limited or nonexistent clinical studies, leading to the absence of guidelines or low-certainty evidence. The American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Neurocritical Care Society collaborated to address this gap by organizing an expert consensus panel and conference. Twenty-four experienced practitioners (including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and a respiratory therapist) from multiple medical specialties, levels, institutions, and countries made up the panel. Topics were identified and prioritized by the panel and arranged by organ system to facilitate discussion, debate, and consensus building. Statements related to postarrest management were generated, and 80% agreement was required to approve a statement. Voting was anonymous and web based. Topics addressed include neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, hematological, infectious, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and general critical care management. Areas of uncertainty, areas for which no consensus was reached, and future research directions are also included. Until high-quality studies that inform practice guidelines in these areas are available, the expert panel consensus statements that are provided can advise clinicians on the critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edilberto Amorim
- San Francisco-Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Mary Kay Bader
- Providence Mission Hospital Nursing Center of Excellence/Critical Care Services, Mission Viejo, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl B Kern
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jerry P Nolan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Mauro Oddo
- CHUV-Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anezi Uzendu
- St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, USA
| | - Brian Walsh
- University of Texas Medical Branch School of Health Sciences, Galveston, USA
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3
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Hirsch KG, Abella BS, Amorim E, Bader MK, Barletta JF, Berg K, Callaway CW, Friberg H, Gilmore EJ, Greer DM, Kern KB, Livesay S, May TL, Neumar RW, Nolan JP, Oddo M, Peberdy MA, Poloyac SM, Seder D, Taccone FS, Uzendu A, Walsh B, Zimmerman JL, Geocadin RG. Critical Care Management of Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and Neurocritical Care Society. Circulation 2024; 149:e168-e200. [PMID: 38014539 PMCID: PMC10775969 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest is burdened by a lack of high-quality clinical studies and the resultant lack of high-certainty evidence. This results in limited practice guideline recommendations, which may lead to uncertainty and variability in management. Critical care management is crucial in patients after cardiac arrest and affects outcome. Although guidelines address some relevant topics (including temperature control and neurological prognostication of comatose survivors, 2 topics for which there are more robust clinical studies), many important subject areas have limited or nonexistent clinical studies, leading to the absence of guidelines or low-certainty evidence. The American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Neurocritical Care Society collaborated to address this gap by organizing an expert consensus panel and conference. Twenty-four experienced practitioners (including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and a respiratory therapist) from multiple medical specialties, levels, institutions, and countries made up the panel. Topics were identified and prioritized by the panel and arranged by organ system to facilitate discussion, debate, and consensus building. Statements related to postarrest management were generated, and 80% agreement was required to approve a statement. Voting was anonymous and web based. Topics addressed include neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, hematological, infectious, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and general critical care management. Areas of uncertainty, areas for which no consensus was reached, and future research directions are also included. Until high-quality studies that inform practice guidelines in these areas are available, the expert panel consensus statements that are provided can advise clinicians on the critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest.
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Abstract
The bedside Stewart approach to acid–base disorders is a simple, pragmatic tool that can assist anesthesiologists in analyzing and managing acid–base changes in the operating room, particularly metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Story
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Liu H, Cao Y, Xue X, Bai Z, Wu S. Clinical efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in treating pediatric metabolic acidosis with varying level of acid-base balance parameters: a real-world study. BMC Med 2023; 21:473. [PMID: 38031038 PMCID: PMC10688456 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium bicarbonate (SB) infusion is commonly used to correct metabolic acidosis, but its clinical efficacy remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether acid-base balance parameters should be a consideration for administering SB treatment. METHODS Children with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L) who were treated with or without 50 mg/ml SB injection were grouped and extracted from a retrospective cohort database of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The interaction between acid-base balance parameters and SB treatment on mortality was analyzed through mortality curves and cross-effect models. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk of death following SB treatment in the overall children as well as in subgroups, and potential confounding factors were adjusted for. After employing propensity score matching to account for confounding factors, further analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of SB treatment within each chloride subgroup. RESULTS A total of 5865 children with metabolic acidosis were enrolled, of which 2462 (42.0%) received SB treatment. In the overall population, it was found that SB treatment did not reduce hospital mortality or 28-day mortality. Interactions between acid-base balance parameters (chloride and anion gap) and SB treatment on mortality were observed. Subgroup analysis clarified that when chloride levels were below 107 mmol/L, children treated with SB had higher in-hospital mortality (29.8% vs 14.9%) and 28-day mortality (26.5% vs 13.4%), with adjusted ORs of 2.065 (95% CI, 1.435-2.97) and 1.947 (95% CI, 1.332-2.846), respectively. In contrast, when chloride levels were greater than or equal to 113 mmol/L, children treated with SB had a shorter stay in the PICU (median: 1.1 days vs 5.1 days, adjusted p = 0.004) and lower in-hospital mortality (4.3% vs 10.3%) and 28-day mortality (4.0% vs 8.4%), with adjusted ORs of 0.515 (95% CI, 0.337-0.788) and 0.614 (95% CI, 0.391-0.965), respectively. After controlling for confounding factors through matching, the impact of SB treatment on the risk of death in each chloride subgroup was consistent with the aforementioned results. However, treatment with SB did not significantly increase the risk of death in newborns or children with moderate to severe metabolic acidosis when chloride levels were below 107 mmol/L (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of sodium bicarbonate for treating metabolic acidosis has been found to increase mortality in children with low chloride levels but decrease mortality in those with high chloride levels in this study. Further prospective multi-center clinical studies and basic research are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Health Supervision Institute of Gusu District, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmei Cao
- Department of Occupational Disease Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, No.10, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, 341200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenjiang Bai
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Serpa Neto A, Fujii T, McNamara M, Moore J, Young PJ, Peake S, Bailey M, Hodgson C, Higgins AM, See EJ, Secombe P, Campbell L, Young M, Maeda M, Pilcher D, Nichol A, Deane A, Licari E, White K, French C, Shehabi Y, Cross A, Maiden M, Kadam U, El Khawas K, Cooper J, Bellomo R, Udy A. Sodium Bicarbonate for Metabolic Acidosis in the ICU: Results of a Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Crit Care Med 2023; 51:e221-e233. [PMID: 37294139 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the best population, design of the intervention, and to assess between-group biochemical separation, in preparation for a future phase III trial. DESIGN Investigator-initiated, parallel-group, pilot randomized double-blind trial. SETTING Eight ICUs in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, with participants recruited from April 2021 to August 2022. PATIENTS Thirty patients greater than or equal to 18 years, within 48 hours of admission to the ICU, receiving a vasopressor, and with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.30, base excess [BE] < -4 mEq/L, and Pa co2 < 45 mm Hg). INTERVENTIONS Sodium bicarbonate or placebo (5% dextrose). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULT The primary feasibility aim was to assess eligibility, recruitment rate, protocol compliance, and acid-base group separation. The primary clinical outcome was the number of hours alive and free of vasopressors on day 7. The recruitment rate and the enrollment-to-screening ratio were 1.9 patients per month and 0.13 patients, respectively. Time until BE correction (median difference, -45.86 [95% CI, -63.11 to -28.61] hr; p < 0.001) and pH correction (median difference, -10.69 [95% CI, -19.16 to -2.22] hr; p = 0.020) were shorter in the sodium bicarbonate group, and mean bicarbonate levels in the first 24 hours were higher (median difference, 6.50 [95% CI, 4.18 to 8.82] mmol/L; p < 0.001). Seven days after randomization, patients in the sodium bicarbonate and placebo group had a median of 132.2 (85.6-139.1) and 97.1 (69.3-132.4) hours alive and free of vasopressor, respectively (median difference, 35.07 [95% CI, -9.14 to 79.28]; p = 0.131). Recurrence of metabolic acidosis in the first 7 days of follow-up was lower in the sodium bicarbonate group (3 [20.0%] vs. 15 [100.0%]; p < 0.001). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the feasibility of a larger phase III sodium bicarbonate trial; eligibility criteria may require modification to facilitate recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Serpa Neto
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomoko Fujii
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mairead McNamara
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - James Moore
- Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Young
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Peake
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Bailey
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Carol Hodgson
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Alisa M Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Emily J See
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Paul Secombe
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation (CORE), Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Lewis Campbell
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Meredith Young
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Mikihiro Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - David Pilcher
- The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation (CORE), Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Adam Deane
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Elisa Licari
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Kyle White
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - Craig French
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Western Health, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Yahya Shehabi
- Monash University, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Services, Monash Health, Clayton, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Cross
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Northern Health, Epping, VC, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VC, Australia
| | - Matthew Maiden
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Umesh Kadam
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Werribee Mercy Hospital, Werribee, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Monash Health Casey Hospital, Berwick, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Epworth Hospital Geelong, Waurn Ponds, VC, Australia
| | - Khaled El Khawas
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Grampians Health, Ballarat, VC, Australia
| | - Jamie Cooper
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
| | - Andrew Udy
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VC, Australia
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7
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Al-Shehri H, Alqahtani R, Alromih AM, Altamimi A, Alshehri K, Almehaideb L, Jabari M, Alzayed A. The practices of intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy in neonatal intensive care units: A multi-country survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34337. [PMID: 37478246 PMCID: PMC10662854 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A common occurrence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is metabolic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been widely used, but there is insufficient evidence on how SB affects neonates in NICUs with metabolic acidosis. The worsening of intracellular acidosis, the impairment of myocardial function, fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage are some of the unfavorable effects of SB treatment in neonates that have been documented in the literature. This study aimed to explore neonatologists' practices for using intravenous SB (ISB) in NICUs. A multi-country survey was carried out in 2022 using an online questionnaire sent to neonatologists in various countries in order to gather information about the use of ISB in NICUs. A previously validated questionnaire was adapted and used in this study. The response rate was 67%. The findings show that 91.2% of neonatologists were using SB to correct metabolic acidosis in the NICU; 71.4% did not have written guidelines for using sodium bicarbonate. The majority of them (78.9%) reported that dosage is included in their guidelines for the use of ISB. The findings of this study emphasize the critical importance of providing guidelines in using ISB for managing metabolic acidosis in NICU to standardize procedures and reduce the use of potentially unsuitable and unsafe treatments, as it has been shown that 71.4% of neonatologists worldwide use sodium bicarbonate without guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al-Shehri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aroob M. Alromih
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Altamimi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Almehaideb
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh Jabari
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzayed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Liu Y, Atiq A, Peterson A, Moody M, Novin A, Deymier AC, Afzal J. Metabolic Acidosis Results in Sexually Dimorphic Response in the Heart Tissue. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040549. [PMID: 37110207 PMCID: PMC10142987 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis (MA) is a highly prevalent disorder in a significant proportion of the population, resulting from imbalance in blood pH homeostasis. The heart, being an organ with very low regenerative capacity and high metabolic activity, is vulnerable to chronic, although low-grade, MA. To systematically characterize the effect of low-grade MA on the heart, we treated male and female mice with NH4Cl supplementation for 2 weeks and analyzed their blood chemistry and transcriptomic signature of the heart tissue. The reduction of pH and plasma bicarbonate levels without an associated change in anion gap indicated a physiological manifestation of low-grade MA with minimal respiratory compensation. On transcriptomic analysis, we observed changes in cardiac-specific genes with significant gender-based differences due to MA. We found many genes contributing to dilated cardiomyopathy to be altered in males, more than in females, while cardiac contractility and Na/K/ATPase-Src signaling were affected in the opposite way. Our model presents a systems-level understanding of how the cardiovascular tissue is affected by MA. As low-grade MA is a common ailment with many dietary and pharmaceutical interventions, our work presents avenues to limit chronic cardiac damage and disease manifestation, as well as highlighting the sex differences in MA-induced cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Amina Atiq
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anna Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mikayla Moody
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ashkan Novin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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9
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Muders T, Hentze B, Leonhardt S, Putensen C. Evaluation of Different Contrast Agents for Regional Lung Perfusion Measurement Using Electrical Impedance Tomography: An Experimental Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082751. [PMID: 37109088 PMCID: PMC10143707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring regional blood flow distribution in the lungs appears to be useful for individually optimizing ventilation therapy. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can be used at the bedside for indicator-based regional lung perfusion measurement. Hypertonic saline is widely used as a contrast agent but could be problematic for clinical use due to potential side effects. In five ventilated healthy pigs, we investigated the suitability of five different injectable and clinically approved solutions as contrast agents for EIT-based lung perfusion measurement. Signal extraction success rate, signal strength, and image quality were analyzed after repeated 10 mL bolus injections during temporary apnea. The best results were obtained using NaCl 5.85% and sodium-bicarbonate 8.4% with optimal success rates (100%, each), the highest signal strengths (100 ± 25% and 64 ± 17%), and image qualities (r = 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.07). Iomeprol 400 mg/mL (non-ionic iodinated X-ray contrast medium) and Glucose 5% (non-ionic glucose solution) resulted in mostly well usable signals with above average success rates (87% and 89%), acceptable signal strength (32 ± 8% and 16 + 3%), and sufficient image qualities (r = 0.80 ± 0.19 and 0.72 ± 0.21). Isotonic balanced crystalloid solution failed due to a poor success rate (42%), low signal strength (10 ± 4%), and image quality (r = 0.43 ± 0.28). While Iomeprol might enable simultaneous EIT and X-ray measurements, glucose might help to avoid sodium and chloride overload. Further research should address optimal doses to balance reliability and potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muders
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hentze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Leonhardt
- Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Putensen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Wang H, Liang R, Liang T, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen C. Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion on Mortality in Critically Ill Children With Metabolic Acidosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:759247. [PMID: 35370669 PMCID: PMC8970597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.759247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic acidosis often occurs in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Although sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been widely used in paediatrics, data on the effect of SB on children with metabolic acidosis in the PICU are scarce. Methods: Patients with metabolic acidosis who were treated with SB within 48 h of PICU admission were screened. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to investigate the relationships between SB infusion and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 1,595 patients with metabolic acidosis were enrolled in this study. In the multivariate logistic regression model, SB infusion was not correlated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–1.63, p = 0.668), but was significantly correlated with hypernatraemia (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.14–3.46, p = 0.016), hypokalaemia (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.36–2.96, p < 0.001), and hypocalcaemia (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.92–6.31, p < 0.001). In the pH value, lactate level, acute kidney injury level, age grouping, and anion gap level subgroups, the ORs for SB and in-hospital mortality were not statistically significant. After PSM, the results remained unchanged. Conclusion: SB infusion does not reduce the in-hospital mortality of severely ill children with metabolic acidosis and increases the risk of hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, and hypocalcaemia. More effort should be focused on eliminating the causes of metabolic acidosis rather than SB infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Center of Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Yagi K, Fujii T. Management of acute metabolic acidosis in the ICU: sodium bicarbonate and renal replacement therapy. Crit Care 2021; 25:314. [PMID: 34461963 PMCID: PMC8406840 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2021 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yagi
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujii
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- ANZIC-RC, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Chen SH, Cheng YY, Lin CH. An Early Predictive Scoring Model for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest of Emergent Hemodialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153241. [PMID: 34362025 PMCID: PMC8347203 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to cardiac arrests. METHODS This study aimed to develop a risk score to predict in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in emergency department (ED) patients undergoing emergency hemodialysis. Patients were included if they received urgent hemodialysis within 24 h after ED arrival. The primary outcome was IHCA within three days. Predictors included three domains: comorbidity, triage information (vital signs), and initial biochemical results. The final model was generated from data collected between 2015 and 2018 and validated using data from 2019. RESULTS A total of 257 patients, including 52 with IHCA, were analyzed. Statistical analysis selected significant variables with higher sensitivity cutoff, and scores were assigned based on relative beta coefficient ratio: K > 5.5 mmol/L (score 1), pH < 7.35 (score 1), oxygen saturation < 85% (score 1), and mean arterial pressure < 80 mmHg (score 2). The final scoring system had an area under the curve of 0.78 (p < 0.001) in the primary group and 0.75 (p = 0.023) in the validation group. The high-risk group (defined as sum scores ≥ 3) had an IHCA risk of 47.2% and 41.7%, while the low-risk group (sum scores < 3) had 18.3% and 7%, in the primary and validation databases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This predictive score model for IHCA in emergent hemodialysis patients could help healthcare providers to take necessary precautions and allocate resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Rafique Z, Tariq MH, Khan AU, Farrukh MJ, Khan N, Burki AM, Mehmood K. Bicarbonate Therapy in Renally Compromised Critically Ill Patients with Metabolic Acidosis: Study of Clinical Outcomes and Mortality Rate. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2817-2826. [PMID: 34194241 PMCID: PMC8238540 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s296095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic acidosis is the most frequent medical condition occurring in critically ill renally compromised patients. This study was aimed to determine clinical outcomes of bicarbonate therapy in renally compromised critically ill patients having metabolic acidosis. Methods A prospective longitudinal cohort study was undertaken in three military hospitals in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. All patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria who were admitted to the ICU of any of the three study hospitals from July 2019 to March 2020 were studied for clinical outcomes of bicarbonate therapy using an evidence-based clinical checklist. Outcome measures include changes in blood pH, serum potassium, and sodium levels, blood pressure and weight, along with other clinically significant laboratory parameters. Results Eighty-one patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 55.61±19.5 years, while the mean weight was 63.43±14.19 Kg. A mortality rate of 45.7% was observed. Disease-related complications including hypoxia, cardiac failure, multiple organ failure, elevated blood pressure, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) were found to be associated with a higher mortality rate (P<0.005). Whereas using Fisher’s exact test, concomitant administration of sodium chloride, along with bicarbonate therapy was associated with a low mortality rate and had no significant impact on sodium loading or weight gain. Moreover, various drug–drug interactions were found to be associated with a higher mortality rate (P<0.05). Conclusion Bicarbonate therapy was not found to affect the mortality rate in critically ill renally compromised patients with metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Rafique
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Tariq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor Penang, Malaysia.,Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Registration, Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nida Khan
- Advanced Educational Institute & Research Center (AEIRC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Khalid Mehmood
- Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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14
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Waskowski J, Hess B, Cioccari L, Irincheeva I, Pfortmueller CA, Schefold JC. Effects of sodium bicarbonate infusion on mortality in medical-surgical ICU patients with metabolic acidosis-A single-center propensity score matched analysis. Med Intensiva 2021; 46:S0210-5691(21)00106-6. [PMID: 34120787 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic acidosis is associated with high mortality. Despite theoretical benefits of sodium-bicarbonate (SB), current evidence remains controversial. We investigated SB-related effects on outcomes in ICU patients with metabolic acidosis. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 971 ICU patients with metabolic acidosis defined as arterial pH<7.3 and CO2<45mmHg treated between 2012 and 2016. A propensity score (PS) was estimated using logistic regression. Patients were matched in pairs using the PS. INTERVENTIONS 441 patients were treated with SB 8.4% (SB-group) and n=530 patients were not (control group). MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Primary outcome was all-cause mortality at ICU-discharge. Average Treatment Effect (ATE), Average Treatment effect in Treated (ATT), and estimated relative survival effects at 20 days were computed. RESULTS In the full cohort, we observed considerable differences in pH, base excess, additional acidosis-related indices, and ICU mortality (controls 31% vs. SB-group 56%, p<.001) at baseline between the two groups. After PS-matching (n=174 in each group), no significant difference in ICU mortality was observed (controls 32% vs. SB-group 41%; p=.07). Odds ratios (OR) for ATE and ATT showed no association with ICU mortality (OR ATE: 1.08, 95%-CI 0.99-1.17; p=.08; OR ATT 1.09; 95%-CI 0.99-1.2; p=.09). Hazard ratios at 20-days (multivariable HR, matched sample n=348: 1.16, 95%-CI 0.86-1.56, p=.33) showed similar survival in the two study groups. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe effects of SB infusion on all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Waskowski
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - B Hess
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Center of Intensive Care Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - L Cioccari
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - C A Pfortmueller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Coppola S, Caccioppola A, Froio S, Chiumello D. Sodium Bicarbonate in Different Critically Ill Conditions: From Physiology to Clinical Practice. Anesthesiology 2021; 134:774-783. [PMID: 33721887 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is commonly used in several critically ill conditions for the management of acute acidemia independently of the etiology, and for the prevention of acute kidney injury, although this is still controversial from a physiologic point of view.
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16
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Korang SK, Safi S, Feinberg J, Nielsen EE, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Bicarbonate for acute acidosis. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kwasi Korang
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sanam Safi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Joshua Feinberg
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Emil Eik Nielsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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17
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Mochizuki K, Fujii T, Paul E, Anstey M, Pilcher DV, Bellomo R. Early metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients: a binational multicentre study. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2021; 23:67-75. [PMID: 38046393 PMCID: PMC10692578 DOI: 10.51893/2021.1.oa6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with early (first 24 hours) metabolic acidosis (MA) according to two different levels of severity with a focus on recent data. Design: We retrospectively applied two diagnostic criteria to our analysis based on literature for early MA: i) severe MA criteria (pH ≤ 7.20 and Paco2 ≤ 45 mmHg and HCO3- ≤ 20 mmol/L with total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] score ≥ 4 or lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L), and ii) moderate MA criteria (pH < 7.30 and base excess < -4 mmol/L and Paco2 ≤ 45 mmHg). Setting: ICUs in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database program. Participants: Adult patients registered to the database from 2008 to 2018. Main outcome measures: Incidence, prevalence, and hospital mortality of patients with MA by the two criteria. Results: We screened 1 076 087 patients. Given the Australian and New Zealand population during the study period, we estimated the incidence of severe MA at 39.5 per million per year versus 349.2-411.5 per million per year for moderate MA. In the most recent 2 years, we observed early severe MA in 1.5% (1350/87 110) of patients compared with 8.4% (20 679/244 740) for moderate MA. Overall, hospital mortality for patients with early severe MA was 48.3% (652/1350) compared with 21.5% (4444/20 679) for moderate MA. Conclusions: Early severe MA is uncommon in Australian and New Zealand ICUs and carries a very high mortality. Moderate MA is over seven-fold more common and still carries a high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Mochizuki
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujii
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eldho Paul
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Anstey
- Intensive Care, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David V. Pilcher
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Fujii T, Udy AA, Nichol A, Bellomo R, Deane AM, El-Khawas K, Thummaporn N, Serpa Neto A, Bergin H, Short-Burchell R, Chen CM, Cheng KH, Cheng KC, Chia C, Chiang FF, Chou NK, Fazio T, Fu PK, Ge V, Hayashi Y, Holmes J, Hu TY, Huang SF, Iguchi N, Jones SL, Karumai T, Katayama S, Ku SC, Lai CL, Lee BJ, Liaw WJ, Ong CTW, Paxton L, Peppin C, Roodenburg O, Saito S, Santamaria JD, Shehabi Y, Tanaka A, Tiruvoipati R, Tsai HE, Wang AY, Wang CY, Yeh YC, Yu CJ, Yuan KC. Incidence and management of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate in the ICU: An international observational study. Crit Care 2021; 25:45. [PMID: 33531020 PMCID: PMC7851901 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic acidosis is a major complication of critical illness. However, its current epidemiology and its treatment with sodium bicarbonate given to correct metabolic acidosis in the ICU are poorly understood. METHOD This was an international retrospective observational study in 18 ICUs in Australia, Japan, and Taiwan. Adult patients were consecutively screened, and those with early metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.3 and a Base Excess < -4 mEq/L, within 24-h of ICU admission) were included. Screening continued until 10 patients who received and 10 patients who did not receive sodium bicarbonate in the first 24 h (early bicarbonate therapy) were included at each site. The primary outcome was ICU mortality, and the association between sodium bicarbonate and the clinical outcomes were assessed using regression analysis with generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS We screened 9437 patients. Of these, 1292 had early metabolic acidosis (14.0%). Early sodium bicarbonate was given to 18.0% (233/1292) of these patients. Dosing, physiological, and clinical outcome data were assessed in 360 patients. The median dose of sodium bicarbonate in the first 24 h was 110 mmol, which was not correlated with bodyweight or the severity of metabolic acidosis. Patients who received early sodium bicarbonate had higher APACHE III scores, lower pH, lower base excess, lower PaCO2, and a higher lactate and received higher doses of vasopressors. After adjusting for confounders, the early administration of sodium bicarbonate was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.62) for ICU mortality. In patients with vasopressor dependency, early sodium bicarbonate was associated with higher mean arterial pressure at 6 h and an aOR of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.22 to 1.19) for ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS Early metabolic acidosis is common in critically ill patients. Early sodium bicarbonate is administered by clinicians to more severely ill patients but without correction for weight or acidosis severity. Bicarbonate therapy in acidotic vasopressor-dependent patients may be beneficial and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujii
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Andrew A Udy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam M Deane
- Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Khaled El-Khawas
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Naorungroj Thummaporn
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ary Serpa Neto
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hannah Bergin
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Robert Short-Burchell
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hua Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Clemente Chia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Feng-Fan Chiang
- Division of Internal & Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuan Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Timothy Fazio
- Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Health Intelligence, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Ge
- Intensive Care Unit, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoshiro Hayashi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jennifer Holmes
- Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ting-Yu Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Naoya Iguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sarah L Jones
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Toshiyuki Karumai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinshu Katayama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shih-Chi Ku
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lun Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Jen Lee
- Division of Internal & Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jinn Liaw
- Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chelsea T W Ong
- Intensive Care Services, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Paxton
- Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe Peppin
- Critical Care and Perioperative Services, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen Roodenburg
- Intensive Care Services, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Shinjiro Saito
- Intensive Care Unit, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Santamaria
- Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Yahya Shehabi
- Critical Care Research, Monash Health School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ravindranath Tiruvoipati
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Hsiao-En Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - An-Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Division of Internal & Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Park Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital Biomedical, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sodium bicarbonate gels: a new promising strategy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105621. [PMID: 33122009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC), caused mainly by the yeast Candida albicans, is the second most prevalent vaginal infection. It has been found to have a large impact on women's quality of life, self-esteem and routines. The prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) remains high so the development of alternative treatments is needed. The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize sodium bicarbonate gels to treat VVC. We described key formulation characteristics and analyzed their influence on in vitro performance evaluations. The potential to inhibit Candida albicans's growth, the pH, osmolality, viscosity and rheological performance in contact with vaginal fluid simulant and the bioadhesion's profile (using a vaginal ex vivo porcine model) were studied for all formulations. Among the formulations, formulation C (5% sodium bicarbonate, 1% carbomer and 94% water) was the most effective in inhibiting the C. albicans' growth. This gel presented the same potential (the same MIC 2.5%) to inhibit other etiological agents of VVC (C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) for all species tested. Additionally, sensorial characteristics of gel C were in accord with users' preferences. This gel exhibited physicochemical characteristics acceptable for short term treatments, suggesting good overall performance for the treatment of VVC. Furthermore, Gel C was biocompatible with the HeLa cell line (MTT assay) and was classified as a non-severe irritant in the HET-CAM assay (irritation score 4 ± 1). Overall, gel C was deemed the best performing of the set tested, and suitable for further development.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the adoption of the classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) through changes in serum creatinine and/or urine output, much data have accumulated as to the associated risks in terms of morbidity and mortality after the development of AKI. However, until recently, a nihilistic approach persisted which implied that little could be done to alter the clinical course of a patient with AKI even where early identification was achieved. This view is reinforced by the opinion that given the broad cause underlying the syndrome of AKI, a 'one size fits all' approach is unlikely to be successful. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests that the management of AKI may be improved somewhat by simple measures, such as the use of care bundles particularly in the intensive care setting. Moreover, there are other interventions using common treatments, which may prove to be of benefit as well as some early evidence that specific therapeutics may be on the horizon. SUMMARY Although a syndrome of significantly differing causes, the application of standardized care bundles appears promising and this approach may be improved by the use of specific therapies, including recombinant alkaline phosphatase, the use of intravenous bicarbonate and remote ischaemic preconditioning may also ameliorate the effects of AKI.
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Forni LG, Hodgson LE, Selby NM. The Janus faces of bicarbonate therapy in the ICU: not sure! Intensive Care Med 2019; 46:522-524. [PMID: 31820031 PMCID: PMC7223965 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lui G Forni
- The Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Luke E Hodgson
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Anaesthetics Department, Worthing Hospital, Lyndhurst Rd, Worthing, BN11 2DH, UK
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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Belletti A, Landoni G, Lomivorotov VV, Oriani A, Ajello S. Adrenergic Downregulation in Critical Care: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 34:1023-1041. [PMID: 31839459 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines remain the mainstay of therapy for acute cardiovascular dysfunction. However, adrenergic receptors quickly undergo desensitization and downregulation after prolonged stimulation. Moreover, prolonged exposure to high circulating catecholamines levels is associated with several adverse effects on different organ systems. Unfortunately, in critically ill patients, adrenergic downregulation translates into progressive reduction of cardiovascular response to exogenous catecholamine administration, leading to refractory shock. Accordingly, there has been a growing interest in recent years toward use of noncatecholaminergic inotropes and vasopressors. Several studies investigating a wide variety of catecholamine-sparing strategies (eg, levosimendan, vasopressin, β-blockers, steroids, and use of mechanical circulatory support) have been published recently. Use of these agents was associated with improvement in hemodynamics and decreased catecholamine use but without a clear beneficial effect on major clinical outcomes. Accordingly, additional research is needed to define the optimal management of catecholamine-resistant shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Belletti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alessandro Oriani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ajello
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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