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Wexler SA, Hall B. The Accuracy of Flap Thickness and Diameter in LASIK Using a Femtosecond Laser. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3877-3882. [PMID: 38111853 PMCID: PMC10725834 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s431885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the resultant thickness of the WaveLight FS200 (Alcon Vision, LLC) created LASIK flap compared to intended thickness at the surgical visit, using the WaveLight EX500 (Alcon Vision, LLC) pachymeter and the resultant flap diameter compared to intended diameter. Methods This single arm, prospective, single surgeon study assessed the accuracy of the intended flap thickness and diameter, after successful bilateral LASIK surgery. The WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser was used to create all flaps with an intended thickness of 120 μm. Flap thickness was calculated by subtracting the stromal bed thickness after flap lift from the preoperative corneal thickness using the WaveLight EX500 on-board optical pachymeter. Flap diameter was determined using digital analysis. Results A total of 58 subjects (116 eyes) completed the study. The calculated mean flap thickness was 120.6 ± 9.0 μm (range 102 to 143 μm) using the EX500 pre- and post-flap pachymetry measurements. There was no statistically significant difference between the planned and achieved flap thickness (p > 0.05). The mean difference in flap diameter between planned and actual was 0.02 ± 0.05 mm. Corneal thickness measured by Pentacam at up to 2 months preoperatively versus EX500 just prior to surgery was similar, with EX500 measuring 2 μm less on average than the Pentacam. Conclusion The results suggest that the WaveLight FS200 laser is reliable for LASIK flap thickness and diameter and accurately created flaps at the intended thickness and the intended diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wexler
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Bismarck LASIK, pLLC, Bismarck, ND, USA
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Jiao YD, Yan Z, Zhao TQ, Zhao HX. Comparison of errors in ablation depth calculation after myopic femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with different degrees of myopia: a prospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:453. [PMID: 37957578 PMCID: PMC10642044 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the difference between the predicted preoperative corneal ablation depth and the measured ablation depth for femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in patients with different degrees of myopia, and to analyze the source of the difference. METHODS A total of 55 patients (109 eyes) were included in this study. Multiple logistics regression was applied to analyze the sources affecting postoperative refractive outcomes. The difference between the preoperative predicted corneal ablation depth and the 1-day postoperative ablation depth in patients with different degrees of myopia was explored using linear regression. Corneal biomechanical parameters influencing error in ablation depth calculation were examined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS One hundred and nine eyes were divided into low to moderate myopia (55 eyes, myopia of 6 D or less), high myopia (45 eyes, myopia ranging from 6 D to a maximum of 9 D), and very high myopia group (9 eyes, myopia greater than 9 D) based on preoperative refractive error (spherical equivalent). Postoperative visual outcomes were comparable among the three groups of patients, with no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). We did find notable disparities in spherical equivalent (SE) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with different degrees of myopia at 1 day postoperatively (all p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that error in ablation depth calculation was an independent risk factor for refractive outcomes one day after surgery (OR = 1.689, 95% CI: 1.366 - 2.089). There was a substantial discrepancy in error in ablation depth calculation at 1 day postoperatively between the three groups. The measured ablation depth of the laser platform was lower than the predicted ablation depth in the low to moderate myopia and very high myopia groups, but the opposite was true in the high myopia group. Pre-operative SE (p < 0.001) and corneal front minimum radius of curvature (Front Rmin) (p = 0.007) obviously influenced the error in ablation depth calculation. CONCLUSIONS Error in ablation depth calculation values vary significantly between patients with different degrees of myopia and correlate highly with preoperative SE and Front Rmin. At the same time, the available evidence suggests that error in ablation depth calculation is an influential factor in postoperative refractive status, so it is imperative to control error in ablation depth calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dian Jiao
- Department of PRK Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tongdao North Street 1, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Tian-Qi Zhao
- Department of PRK Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tongdao North Street 1, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhao
- Department of PRK Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tongdao North Street 1, Hohhot, 010050, China.
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Gros-Otero J, Rodríguez-Pérez I, Teus MA, Katsanos A, Mikropoulos DG, García-González M. Myopic LASIK Outcomes: Comparison of Three Different Femtosecond Lasers and a Mechanical Microkeratome Using the Same Excimer Laser. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1047-1066. [PMID: 35262896 PMCID: PMC9114235 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the influence of one microkeratome and three femtosecond lasers on myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes. METHODS Retrospective, observational cohort study. We compared 134 eyes treated with the IntraLase 60 kHz, 112 eyes treated with the Femto LDV Z6, 206 eyes treated with the FS200, and 98 eyes treated with the Hansatome zero compression microkeratome. All eyes were operated on using the same surgical protocol with the same excimer laser (Wavelight Allegretto) and were allocated to refraction-matched groups. RESULTS One day and one week postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity was significantly lower in the FS200 group compared to others (P = 0.0001). This difference disappeared at the 1- and 3-month postoperative visits. Significant differences were found among groups in terms of safety index (P = 0.0001), residual sphere (P = 0.0001), and residual cylinder (P = 0.02) at the 3-month postoperative visit. No significant differences were found in corrected distance visual acuity or efficacy index. CONCLUSION According to our results, a slight delay in visual restoration after FS200 LASIK surgery might be expected. This delay was statistically significant at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively, but there were no differences from the 1-month visit onwards. Additionally, significant differences were found among devices in terms of safety index and the refractive results, which were found not to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel A Teus
- Clínica Novovisión, Paseo de la Castellana 54, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario "Príncipe de Asturias", University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Mikropoulos
- 3rd University Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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A Comparative Study of Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Flaps Created Using Single-Functional Versus Multifunctional Femtosecond Laser for Refractive Surgery. Cornea 2021; 39:1122-1131. [PMID: 32472791 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare laser in situ keratomileusis flaps created at the programmed target thickness of 120 μm using the LenSx multifunctional and the FS200 single-functional femtosecond lasers as evaluated by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS This was a prospective, comparative, consecutive, blinded, nonrandomized study. Patients with stable refraction for over a year were consecutively allocated to the LenSx group or the FS200 group (n = 66; 33 patients in each group). All the patients underwent refractive surgery in both eyes. Previous eye surgery, ocular pathology associated with refractive errors, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and use of medication that causes ocular adverse effects constituted the exclusion criteria. Corneal topography, corneal tomography, dilated fundoscopy, applanation tonometry, ultrasonic pachymetry, dynamic and static refraction, visual acuity, and AS-OCT were evaluated before and after surgery. AS-OCT flap thickness was measured at 20 points on each cornea. RESULTS In the LenSx group, AS-OCT flap thickness differed significantly from the target thickness at 2 of 20 points (mean differences of 2.106 and 1.803 μm). In the FS200 group, 6 of 20 measurements differed significantly (mean differences ranging from 1.121 to 2.121 μm). The 2 lasers were similarly successful in creating regular and uniform flaps. The agreement between the 2 blinded examiners regarding the AS-OCT flap thickness measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both femtosecond lasers were safe and capable of creating highly reproducible, uniform, and regular flaps at the target preoperative thickness of 120 μm. The LenSx multifunctional femtosecond laser offers the advantage of allowing both cataract and corneal surgeries.
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Parafita-Fernandez A, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Gros-Otero J, Alvarez-Rementería Capelo L, Blázquez Sánchez V, Teus M. Evolution of visual acuity, flap thickness, and optical density after laser in situ keratomileusis performed with a femtosecond laser. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 46:260-266. [PMID: 32126040 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the postoperative evolution of visual acuity, flap morphology, and stromal optical density femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). SETTING Clínica Rementería, Madrid, Spain. DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS The study comprised 44 consecutive eyes that had FS-LASIK performed with the WaveLight FS200 and the Allegretto excimer laser to correct myopia. Visual outcomes, flap thickness, and stromal optical density were assessed 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity at 1 day (0.94 ± 0.2) and 1 week (0.93 ± 0.2) to 1 month (1.04 ± 0.2) and 3 months (1.11 ± 0.1) postoperatively (P < .05). At 3 months postoperatively, the femtosecond laser had good outcomes in efficacy (0.98 ± 0.1), safety (0.98 ± 0.1), and predictability (100% of eyes were within ± 0.5 D of emmetropia). The femtosecond-created flaps were slightly thicker than intended, the mean SD intraflap was 7.1 μm, the range between the thickest and thinnest points in each flap was 25.4 μm, and the mean flap thickness homogeneity was 7.6 μm at 3 months postoperatively. A progressive decrease in the optical density of the flap stroma and the residual stromal bed was detected during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The femtosecond laser study appears to be a safe, effective, and predictable platform to obtain LASIK flaps. The flaps were planar and homogeneous but slightly thicker than intended. The optical density of the flap stroma was slightly higher at early follow-up and decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Parafita-Fernandez
- From Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra (Parafita-Fernandez), Pontevedra, Clínica Oftalmológica Dr Parafita (Parafita-Fernandez), Ribeira, Clínica Rementería (Garcia-Gonzalez, Gros-Otero, Alvarez-Rementería Capelo; Blázquez Sánchez), Madrid, Clínica Novovisión (Garcia-Gonzalez, Teus), Madrid, Universidad Europea de Madrid (Garcia-Gonzalez), Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid (Blázquez Sánchez), and Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, University of Alcalá (Teus), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Direct and Indirect Flap Measurements in Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis. Cornea 2019; 38:297-303. [PMID: 30601286 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare direct and indirect LASIK flap thickness measurements using ultrasound and Scheimpflug technology. METHODS Eighty-two eyes treated with laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis refractive surgery using a femtosecond laser (IntraLase FS150) were prospectively included in the study. Flap thickness was set to 115 μm. Corneal flap thickness was measured using the direct method-ie, ultrasound pachymetry immediately after flap construction in the presence of cavitation bubbles-and indirect methods, with subtraction of intraoperative post-lift corneal thickness measured using ultrasound pachymetry (intrastroma) from preoperative central corneal thickness using ultrasound (Indirect-US) or Scheimpflug thinnest pachymetry (Indirect-Scheimpflug). RESULTS Mean flap thickness was overestimated using the indirect methods, Indirect-US and Indirect-Scheimpflug (122.6 ± 24.5 μm and 128.1 ± 26.1 μm, respectively; P < 0.0060 and P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant correlations between the direct and indirect methods. Indirect-Scheimpflug was significantly higher (P = 0.0122) than Indirect-US. The closest average flap thickness compared with the set parameter of 115 μm was that of the direct method (115.6 ± 8.6 μm; 95% confidence interval: -1.3 to 2.5; P = 0.5163). The direct method provided the lowest SD of all groups (SD: 8.64). CONCLUSIONS The direct method of flap thickness measurement was the most comparable to the set parameter compared with the indirect subtraction methods. Additional studies are needed to determine which method allows for the most accurate measurement of flap thickness.
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Colombo-Barboza MN, Colombo-Barboza GN, Colombo-Barboza LR, Matuoka ML, Neto AL, de Freitas D. Reproducibility of laser in situ keratomileusis flap thickness using a new multifunctional femtosecond laser platform and correlation with clinical preoperative measurements. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 44:811-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Niparugs M, Tananuvat N, Chaidaroon W, Tangmonkongvoragul C, Ausayakhun S. Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia or Myopic Astigmatism Correction with the FS200 Femtosecond Laser and EX500 Excimer Laser Platform. Open Ophthalmol J 2018; 12:63-71. [PMID: 29872485 PMCID: PMC5960747 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101812010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, stability and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the FS200 femtosecond laser and EX500 excimer laser platform. Methods: The outcomes of 254 eyes of 129 consecutive patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism who underwent full correction femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK at CMU LASIK Center were assessed. Pre-operative and post-operative parameters including manifest refraction, Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Best Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (BDVA), corneal topography and tomography were analyzed. The results between low to moderate myopia and high myopia were compared up to 12 months. Results: Mean pre-operative Spherical Equivalent (SE) was -5.15±2.41 Diopters (D) (range -0.50 to -11.50 D) and -0.13±0.28 D, -0.13±0.27 D, -0.13±0.28 D and -0.14±0.30 D at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, post-operatively. At 12 months, the propor¬tion of eyes achieving UDVA ≥ 20/20 was 90.0% and ≥20/40 was 98.8%. The proportion of eyes achieving post-operative mean SE ±0.5 D, and ±1 D was 91.3%, and 98.5%. No eyes lost more than two lines of BDVA. The low to moderate myopic group had a statistically significant better UDVA at one (p=0.017) and three months (p=0.014) but no difference at six (p=0.061) and 12 months (p=0.091). The mean post-operative SE was better in low to moderate myopic group at every follow-up visit (p=0.001, 0.007, <0.001 and <0.001). Conclusion: One-year clinical results of LASIK with the FS200 femtosecond laser and EX500 excimer laser showed high efficacy, predictability, stability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muanploy Niparugs
- Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Center for Medical Excellence, and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Tananuvat
- Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Center for Medical Excellence, and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Winai Chaidaroon
- Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Center for Medical Excellence, and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chulaluck Tangmonkongvoragul
- Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Center for Medical Excellence, and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somsanguan Ausayakhun
- Chiang Mai University LASIK Center, Center for Medical Excellence, and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible association between body stature (height) and corneal thickness and radius in younger-adult Caucasians, especially within the context of previously published literature. METHODS Body height and weight were measured in 109 healthy subjects, with an average age of 24 ± 6 years (mean ± SD). Subjects underwent an ophthalmic assessment including anterior segment imaging by Scheimpflug topography and specular microscopy. Central and peripheral corneal thickness and corneal radius were analyzed. The relationship between body stature and corneal parameters was assessed using simple and multiple regression analysis. Effect size was determined by generating regression and correlation coefficients. RESULTS Body height ranged from 1.54 to 1.86 m (mean ± SD 1.67 ± 0.08 m), central corneal thickness from 465 to 629 μm (554 ± 33 μm), whereas corneal radius measured between 7.16 and 8.49 mm (7.75 ± 0.24 mm). Body height was weakly associated with central corneal thickness and peripheral corneal thickness (r ≥ -0.180), and moderately with corneal radius (r = 0.351). Based on the regression equations, central corneal thickness decreases by 8 μm, whereas corneal radius increases by 0.11 mm for each 0.1-m difference in body height. No significant correlations were found for similar assessments using body weight or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Differences in corneal radius and corneal thickness can be linked to body stature. However, effect sizes were consistently small and no more than 13% of the variability in corneal curvature could be explained by variations in body stature.
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Huhtala A, Pietilä J, Mäkinen P, Uusitalo H. Femtosecond lasers for laser in situ keratomileusis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:393-404. [PMID: 27022236 PMCID: PMC4788361 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s99394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to review and meta-analyze whether there are differences between reported femtosecond (FS) lasers for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in terms of efficacy, predictability, and safety as primary outcomes and corneal flap thickness measurements and pre- and postoperative complications as secondary outcomes. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL Trials Library databases was conducted to identify the relevant prospective randomized controlled trials of FS lasers for LASIK. Thirty-one articles describing a total of 5,404 eyes were included. Results Based on efficacy, IntraLase FS 10 and 30 kHz gave the best results. Based on predictability and safety, there were no differences between various FS lasers. FEMTO LDV and IntraLase FS 60 kHz produced the most accurate flap thicknesses. IntraLase and Wavelight SF200 had the fewest intraoperative complications. IntraLase, Visumax, and Wavelight FS200 had the most seldom postoperative complications. Conclusion There were dissimilarities between different FS lasers based on efficacy and intraoperative and postoperative complications. All FS lasers were predictable and safe for making corneal flaps in LASIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Huhtala
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Pietilä
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; SILK, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; SILK, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; SILK, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; TAUH Eye Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Iijima K, Kamiya K, Shimizu K, Igarashi A, Komatsu M. Demographics of patients having cataract surgery after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015; 41:334-8. [PMID: 25661126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively assess the demographics of patients having cataract surgery in eyes with previous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, and Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS This study evaluated eyes of consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery after previous LASIK (Group 1). The control groups comprised eyes with axial lengths (ALs) matched with ALS in Group 1 (Group 2) and all eyes scheduled for cataract surgery (Group 3). Assessed were age, sex, corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, keratometry (K) readings, corneal astigmatism, and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs). RESULTS Group 1 comprised 40 eyes of 40 patients; Group 2, 606 eyes of 606 patients; and Group 3, 3642 eyes of 3642 patients. The mean age at cataract surgery of patients in Group 1 was 54.6 years ± 8.1 (SD), which was significantly younger than in Group 2 (by approximately 10 years) and Group 3 (by approximately 15 years) (P < .001, Student t test). In Group 1, 70.0% of patients were men, a significantly higher percentage than in Groups 2 and 3 (P < .05, Fisher exact test). The rate of corneal HOAs was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (P < .05, Student t test). There were no significant differences in other demographics except in K readings. CONCLUSION A long AL and an increase in corneal HOAs might contribute to a tendency for cataract surgery to be performed earlier in eyes in which LASIK has been performed. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Iijima
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Iijima, Kamiya, Shimizu, Igarashi), University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, and the Department of Ophthalmology (Komatsu), Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kamiya
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Iijima, Kamiya, Shimizu, Igarashi), University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, and the Department of Ophthalmology (Komatsu), Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kimiya Shimizu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Iijima, Kamiya, Shimizu, Igarashi), University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, and the Department of Ophthalmology (Komatsu), Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Igarashi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Iijima, Kamiya, Shimizu, Igarashi), University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, and the Department of Ophthalmology (Komatsu), Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Komatsu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Iijima, Kamiya, Shimizu, Igarashi), University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, and the Department of Ophthalmology (Komatsu), Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Soeken TA, Apsey DA, Townley JR, Haas RW, Caldwell MC. Comparison of pachymetry measurements between the Alcon Wavelight EX500 and Sonogage Corneo-Gage plus platforms. J Refract Surg 2015; 31:328-32. [PMID: 25974972 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20150423-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the agreement of intraoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of the Wavelight EX500 (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) that uses optical low coherence reflectometry to the Corneo-Gage Plus ultrasound pachymetry device (Sonogage, Cleveland, OH). METHODS In this retrospective study, 50 eyes of 26 patients undergoing LASIK were evaluated. Following LASIK flap creation, each eye was measured by both optical low coherence reflectometry and ultrasound pachymetry immediately prior to flap lifting and then again after flap lifting. RESULTS The mean CCT value before lifting the flap was 556.9 and 557.78 µm as measured by ultrasound pachymetry and optical low coherence reflectometry, respectively. After lifting the flap, the mean ultrasound pachymetry value was 440.96 µm and the mean optical low coherence reflectometry value was 441.7 µm. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test demonstrated that the ultrasound pachymetry and the optical low coherence reflectometry distribution of measurements were the same. A Shapiro-Wilk test of normality could not be rejected. Bland-Altman plots showed strong agreement. The correlation between the two tests was 0.98 before flap lifting and 0.97 after flap lifting, both with a 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS The pachymetry measurements by the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated with those of the ultrasound pachymetry device. The Wavelight EX500 optical low coherence reflectometry may be used in place of the ultrasound pachymetry device for measuring CCT.
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Rescue of primary incomplete microkeratome flap with secondary femtosecond laser flap in LASIK. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2014; 2014:289354. [PMID: 25506449 PMCID: PMC4258920 DOI: 10.1155/2014/289354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatments with a previous unsuccessful mechanical microkeratome-assisted surgery, some surgical protocols have been described as feasible, such as relifting of the flap or the creation of a new flap and even the change to a surface ablation procedure (photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)). This case shows the use of femtosecond technology for the creation of a secondary flap to perform LASIK in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap obtained with a mechanical microkeratome. As we were unable to characterize the interface of the first partial lamellar cut, a thick flap was planned and created using a femtosecond laser platform. As the primary cut was very thick in the nasal quadrant, a piece of loose corneal tissue appeared during flap lifting which was fitted in its position and not removed. Despite this condition and considering the regularity of the new femtosecond laser cut, the treatment was uneventful. This case report shows the relevance of a detailed corneal analysis with an advanced imaging technique before performing a secondary flap in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap. The femtosecond laser technology seems to be an excellent tool to manage such cases successfully.
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Zhang J, Zhang SS, Yu Q, Wu JX, Lian JC. Comparison of corneal flap thickness using a FS200 femtosecond laser and a moria SBK microkeratome. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:273-7. [PMID: 24790869 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate differences in flap thickness resulting from use of an Alcon Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser and a MORIA SBK microkeratome when making a 110-µm-thick corneal flap and to identify the potential factors that affect corneal flap thickness. METHODS A prospective case study was performed on 120 eyes of 60 patients who were divided into two groups for LASIK, each group consisting of 60 eyes (30 patients). The corneal flaps were created using an Alcon Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser or a MORIA SBK microkeratome. The central corneal flap thickness was calculated by subtraction pachymetry. Age, central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent refraction, mean keratometry, and corneal diameter were recorded preoperatively for analysis. RESULTS Cutting of all flaps was easily performed without intraoperative complications. In the Alcon Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser group, the mean right and left corneal flap thicknesses were 114.0±6.6 µm (range: 98-126) and 111.4±7.6 µm (range: 98-122), respectively. The difference (2.6±9.1 µm) in the corneal flap thickness between the right and left eyes was not significant (t=1.59, P=0.12). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the resulting corneal flap thickness was unrelated to the patient's age, preoperative CCT, spherical equivalent refraction, mean keratometry, or corneal diameter. In the MORIA SBK microkeratome group, the mean right and left corneal flap thicknesses were 110.6±7.4 µm (range: 97-125 µm) and 108.2±6.1 µm (range: 78-123 µm), respectively. The difference in the corneal flap thickness between the right and left eyes (2.4±6.5µm) was not significant (t=2.039, P=0.0506). The corneal flap thickness was positively correlated with the preoperative CCT through stepwise regression analysis (r=0.297, P=0.021). The corneal flap thickness was not related to age, spherical equivalent refraction, mean keratometry, or corneal diameter. The corneal flap thickness was estimated using the following equation: Tflap=67.77+0.076 CCT (F=5.63, P=0.021). CONCLUSION Both the Alcon Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser and the MORIA SBK microkeratome produced 110-µm-thick corneal flaps. The central corneal flap thickness was positively correlated with the preoperative CCT in MORIA SBK microkeratome surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- New Vision Eye Clinic, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | | - Qing Yu
- New Vision Eye Clinic, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | | - Jing-Cai Lian
- New Vision Eye Clinic, Shanghai 200011, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M. Accuracy and Reproducibility of Cap Thickness in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction. J Refract Surg 2013; 29:810-5. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20131023-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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