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Effect of cool-season adapted chickpea varieties on physicochemical and nutritional characteristics in ruminant systems. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tosta MR, Prates LL, Feng X, Rodríguez-Espinosa ME, Zhang H, Zhang W, Yu P. Research progress in structural and nutritional characterization and technologically processing impact on cool-season adapted oat and barley cereal kernels with wet chemistry and advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5130-5139. [PMID: 33612010 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to provide research progress and update on structural, physicochemical, nutritional characteristics and technologically processing impact on cool-season adapted oat and barley cereal kernels. The study focused on cool-season adapted oats grain production and nutrition in ruminant systems and strategies to improve the utilization of the oat grain through processing techniques. The updated evaluation methods and advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques to study molecular structures with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy were reviewed. This study summarizes the methods and provides a potential approach on how to use vibrational molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction of grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tosta
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - L L Prates
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - X Feng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - M E Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Ji C, Deng G, Guevara-Oquendo VH, Zhang X, Yan X, Zhang H, Yu P. Infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopic analysis and quantitative detection of forage spectral features in ruminant systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117630. [PMID: 31761542 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) access protein molecular structure profile and metabolic characteristics of model forages [Foreign sourced-origin (coded as: "FSO", n = 7 vs. Chinese sourced-origin alfalfa hay "CSO", n = 5] in ruminant systems; (2) Quantify the relationship between forage protein molecular structures and protein utilization and availability. Advanced non-invasive vibrational molecular spectroscopic technique (ATR-FTIR: Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) with chemometrics was applied to reveal forage protein molecular structure. Both univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses were applied to study molecular structure features in model forages. The molecular structure study provided the detailed protein structure profiles of Amide I and Amide II areas and height, total Amide I and II area ratios, Amide I to II height ratio as well as Amide I to II area ratio using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed FSO and CSO had similar (P > 0.05) protein rumen degradation kinetics. However, FSO had superior quality than CSO in intestinal (IDP) and total digestible protein (TDP) and truly absorbed nutrient supply (P < 0.05). As intestinal digestion of protein, FSO was higher (P < 0.05) in protein digestion in terms of: intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (dIDP: 47.5 vs. 38.3 %RUP); Intestinal digestible protein (IDP: 17.6 vs. 13.7 %CP). As truly absorbed nutrient supply, FSO contained higher (P < 0.05) truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein, absorbable rumen undegradable feed protein in the small intestine, total truly digested protein in the small intestine, metabolizable protein and Feed Milk Value (FMVDVE: 1.2 vs. 1.1 g/kg DM). The molecular structure-nutrition interactive relationship study showed that protein molecular structure profiles were highly associated to protein rumen degradation kinetics, significantly correlated to protein subfractions, protein intestinal digestion, and truly absorbed nutrient supply in ruminant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjin Road, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G Deng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - V H Guevara-Oquendo
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjin Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - X Yan
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin 136100, China
| | - H Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation and Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061366. [PMID: 30889938 PMCID: PMC6471004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars had different carbohydrate macromolecular traits, including amylose (A), amylopectin (AP), and β-glucan contents, as well as their ratios (A:AP). The parameters assessed included: (1) chemical and nutrient profiles; (2) protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN) and energy values; and (4) in situ rumen degradation kinetics of nutrients and truly absorbed nutrient supply. The hulless barley samples were analyzed for starch (ST), crude protein (CP), total soluble crude protein (SCP), etc. The in situ incubation technique was performed to evaluate the degradation kinetics of the nutrients, as well as the effective degradability (ED) and bypass nutrient (B). Results showed that the carbohydrates (g/kg DM) had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level; while the starch level presented a quadratic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with β-glucan level. The CP and SCP contents had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05) with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level. The altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits were observed to have strongly curve-linear correlations with protein and carbohydrate fractions partitioned by CNCPS. For the in situ protein degradation kinetics, there was a quadratic effect of A:AP ratio on the rumen undegraded protein (RUP, g/kg DM) and a linear effect of β-glucan on the bypass protein (BCP, g/kg DM). The A:AP ratio and β-glucan levels had quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on BCP and EDCP. For ST degradation kinetics, the ST degradation rate (Kd), BST and EDST showed cubic effects (p < 0.05) with A:AP ratio. The β-glucan level showed a cubic effect on EDST (g/kg DM) and a quadratic effect on BST (g/kg ST or g/kg DM) and EDST (g/kg DM). In conclusion, alteration of carbohydrate macromolecular traits in hulless barley significantly impacted nutrient utilization, metabolic characteristics, biodegradation, and bioavailability. Altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits curve-linearly affected the nutrient profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, total digestible nutrient, energy values, and in situ degradation kinetics.
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A Review on the Source of Lipids and Their Interactions during Beer Fermentation that Affect Beer Quality. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lipids in wort and beer are important due to their influence on yeast metabolism and beer quality. Barley lipids have long been considered to have adverse effects on beer quality where some long-chain fatty acids are associated with high flavour potential. In addition, beer foam stability can be influenced by the concentration of lipids as well as other factors such as hop acids (e.g., iso-α-acids), proteins, polysaccharides and the presence of metal ions (e.g., nickel). Lipids can also influence yeast protease activity as well as the production of ethanol. This review provides an overview of the effect of climate change on the chemical composition of barley in relation to lipids and the influence of lipids in the process of this raw material in order to produce beer.
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Ying Y, Zhang H, Yu P. Implications of recent research on microstructure modifications, through heat-related processing and trait alteration to bio-functions, molecular thermal stability and mobility, metabolic characteristics and nutrition in cool-climate cereal grains and other types of seeds with advanced molecular techniques. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2214-2224. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1442314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Ying
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, and College of Agriculture and Bioresources, the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Huihua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, and College of Agriculture and Bioresources, the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, and College of Agriculture and Bioresources, the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Sun B, Khan NA, Sun M, Prates LL, Yu P. Curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate traits with molecular structure and truly absorbed nutrient supply to dairy cattle in new hulless barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang Y, Ferreira G, Teets C, Corl B, Thomason W, Griffey C. Effects of feeding hull-less barley on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3576-3583. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Detect unique molecular structure associated with physiochemical properties in CDC varieties of oat grain with unique nutrient traits [Feed Type vs. Milling Type] in comparison with barley grain using advanced molecular spectroscopy as a non-destructive biological tool. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang L, Yu P. Synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro)spectroscopy contributions to advances in new hulless barley (with structure alteration) research on molecular structure, molecular nutrition, and nutrient delivery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:224-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Yang L, McKinnon JJ, Christensen DA, Beattie AD, Yu P. Characterizing the molecular structure features of newly developed hulless barley cultivars with altered carbohydrate traits (Hordeum vulgare L.) by globar-sourced infrared spectroscopy in relation to nutrient utilization and availability. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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