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Chen S, Sun W, Liu R, Yao L, Peng Q. Intracranial infection caused by Mycobacterium rhodesiae with specific imaging findings and good response to medication: a case report and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1414369. [PMID: 38882659 PMCID: PMC11177847 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1414369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are exceedingly rare etiological agents of intracranial infections. Among them, Mycobacterium rhodesiae stands out as an even less common pathogen. In this paper, we report the first documented case of a central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans caused by Mycobacterium rhodesiae, which has specific imaging findings and good response to the therapy by using Linezolid, Clarithromycin, and Minocycline. The diagnosis was facilitated by a comprehensive multimodal approach, incorporating multisite imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis via next-generation sequencing (NGS), and targeted genetic testing. Furthermore, this paper provides a derivation of the clinical characteristics observed in other documented instances of CNS infections attributable to NTM and based on a review of the current literature. Our experience contributes to the evidence that is needed to understand the full spectrum of NTM-related CNS pathologies and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic process in atypical presentations of intracranial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lanqiu Yao
- Magma Capital Funds, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mina Y, Kline A, Manion M, Hammoud DA, Wu T, Hogan J, Sereti I, Smith BR, Zerbe CS, Holland SM, Nath A. Neurological manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacteria in adults: case series and review of the literature. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1360128. [PMID: 38742044 PMCID: PMC11089811 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1360128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) mediated infections are important to consider in cases with neuroinflammatory presentations. We aimed to characterize cases of NTM with neurological manifestations at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and review the relevant literature. Materials and methods Between January 1995 and December 2020, six cases were identified. Records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics. A MEDLINE search found previously reported cases. Data were extracted, followed by statistical analysis to compare two groups [cases with slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM) vs. those with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)] and evaluate for predictors of survival. NIH cases were evaluated for clinical and radiological characteristics. Cases from the literature were reviewed to determine the differences between SGM and RGM cases and to identify predictors of survival. Results Six cases from NIH were identified (age 41 ± 13, 83% male). Five cases were caused by SGM [Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) n = 4; Mycobacterium haemophilum n = 1] and one due to RGM (Mycobacterium abscessus). Underlying immune disorders were identified only in the SGM cases [genetic (n = 2), HIV (n = 1), sarcoidosis (n = 1), and anti-interferon-gamma antibodies (n = 1)]. All cases were diagnosed using tissue analysis. A literature review found 81 reports on 125 cases (SGM n = 85, RGM n = 38, non-identified n = 2). No immune disorder was reported in 26 cases (21%). Within SGM cases, the most common underlying disease was HIV infection (n = 55, 65%), and seizures and focal lesions were more common. In RGM cases, the most common underlying condition was neurosurgical intervention or implants (55%), and headaches and meningeal signs were common. Tissue-based diagnosis was used more for SGM than RGM (39% vs. 13%, p = 0.04). Survival rates were similar in both groups (48% SGM and 55% in RGM). Factors associated with better survival were a solitary CNS lesion (OR 5.9, p = 0.01) and a diagnosis made by CSF sampling only (OR 9.9, p = 0.04). Discussion NTM infections cause diverse neurological manifestations, with some distinctions between SGM and RGM infections. Tissue sampling may be necessary to establish the diagnosis, and an effort should be made to identify an underlying immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Mina
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahnika Kline
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maura Manion
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianxia Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie Hogan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bryan R. Smith
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christa S. Zerbe
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M. Holland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wu L, Pan Y, Xu K. Clinical Characteristics Associated with Poor Prognosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Complicated with Disseminated Talaromycosis marneffei. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7097-7108. [PMID: 37954504 PMCID: PMC10638893 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s434695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the clinical characteristics of AIDS with dTSM, especially in patients with poor prognosis. Patients and Methods One hundred and seventy AIDS patients were enrolled in this single-center retrospective study. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examination, and treatment outcome were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of mortality in AIDS patients with dTSM. The predictive value was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results From 2015 to 2022, the incidence of AIDS with dTSM in the Wenzhou region increased yearly, mainly in young adults. The mortality rate was 16.47%. The most common clinical manifestations were lymph-node enlargement (92.35%) and fever (78.24%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that procalcitonin (PCT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), shock, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) were the risk factors for poor outcomes. The model comprised four risk factors and showed an excellent prediction performance, with an AUC of 0.987 in the training cohort (95% CI: 0.946-0.999) and 0.976 in the validation cohort (95% CI: 0.887-0.999). Conclusion This study suggested that PCT, BUN, shock, and ART were associated with the prognosis and outcome of AIDS with dTSM and had a specific predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Ding Li Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of New and Recurrent Infectious Diseases of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Ding Li Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Ding Li Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of New and Recurrent Infectious Diseases of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
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Yasen D, Liu C, Mei X, Zhou H, Tang X, Chen X. Mycobacterium haemophilum infection with cutaneous involvement: two case reports and an updated literature review: Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1291-1305. [PMID: 37679966 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium haemophilum (MH) is a slow-growing, non-tuberculous Mycobacterium that most commonly causes infections in immunocompromised patients. The skin is the most prevalent site of infection and can be an isolated presentation or part of a disseminated disease. Herein, we reported a case of isolated MH infection of the hand and a case of disseminated MH infection with multiple skin lesions. In addition, other MH cases with cutaneous involvement over the last 10 years, from 2011-2022, were reviewed and analyzed. Among the 79 included cases, the common skin findings in MH infections included nodules, ulcers, abscesses, swelling, and pustules. Middle-aged patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression from glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide are the most susceptible to MH infection, with a higher risk of dissemination to internal organs. Disseminated MH infections commonly present as tenosynovitis, arthritis/arthralgia, or osteomyelitis. There is a lack of strong evidence for treatment; however, triple therapy of quinolone, macrolides, and rifampicin is most often used in clinical practice. The overall prognosis is good. The presence of iatrogenic immunocompromised diseases, lesions involving the proximal limbs, and dissemination of MH infections are associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilidaer Yasen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaocheng Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xingxing Mei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yasen D, Liu C, Mei X, Zhou H, Tang X, Chen X. Hautbeteiligung bei Infektionen mit Mycobacterium haemophilum: Zwei Fallberichte und eine aktualisierte Literaturübersicht: Mycobacterium haemophilum infection with cutaneous involvement: Two case reports and an updated literature review. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1291-1307. [PMID: 37946643 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15163_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungMycobacterium haemophilum (MH) ist ein langsam wachsendes, nicht‐tuberkulöses Mykobakterium. Infektionen treten am häufigsten bei Patienten mit beeinträchtigtem Immunsystem auf; sie manifestieren sich meist an der Haut und kommen isoliert oder bei disseminierten Infektionen vor. Wir berichten hier über einen Fall mit isolierter MH‐Infektion an der Hand sowie über einen weiteren Fall von disseminierter MH‐Infektion mit multiplen Hautläsionen. Zusätzlich haben wir weitere Fallberichte über MH‐Infektionen mit kutaner Beteiligung aus den letzten zehn Jahren (2011–2022) ausgewertet. Die am häufigsten beobachteten Hautmanifestationen der insgesamt 79 Fälle waren Knötchen, Ulzera, Abszesse, Schwellungen und Pusteln. Patienten mittleren Alters mit iatrogener Immunsuppression durch Glucocorticoide, Mycophenolat‐Mofetil, Ciclosporin und Cyclophosphamid scheinen besonders anfällig für MH‐Infektionen zu sein und haben auch ein höheres Risiko für eine Dissemination in die inneren Organe. Disseminierte MH‐Infektionen manifestieren sich gewöhnlich als Tenosynovitis, Arthritis/Arthralgie oder Osteomyelitis. Derzeit gibt es keine starke Evidenz für bestimmte Therapeutika; in der Praxis wird am häufigsten eine Dreifachkombination aus Chinolon, Makroliden und Rifampicin eingesetzt. Die Prognose ist allgemein gut. Iatrogene Immunsuppression, Läsionen im proximalen Bereich der Extremitäten sowie disseminierte Manifestation sind mit schlechteren klinischen Verläufen assoziiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilidaer Yasen
- Abteilung Dermatologie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaocheng Liu
- Abteilung Dermatologie und dermatologische Wissenschaft, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Kanada
| | - Xingxing Mei
- Abteilung Dermatologie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Abteilung Dermatologie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Tang
- Abteilung Dermatologie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Abteilung Dermatologie, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Barichello T, Generoso JS, Dominguini D, Córneo E, Giridharan VV, Sahrapour TA, Simões LR, Rosa MID, Petronilho F, Ritter C, Sharshar T, Dal-Pizzol F. Postmortem Evidence of Brain Inflammatory Markers and Injury in Septic Patients: A Systematic Review. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e241-e252. [PMID: 34402457 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host's unregulated immune response to eliminate the infection. After hospitalization, sepsis survivors often suffer from long-term impairments in memory, attention, verbal fluency, and executive functioning. To understand the effects of sepsis and the exacerbated peripheral inflammatory response in the brain, we asked the question: What are the findings and inflammatory markers in the brains of deceased sepsis patients? To answer this question, we conducted this systematic review by the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed/National Library of Medicine, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Bibliographical Index in Spanish in Health Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed journal articles published on April 05, 2021. STUDY SELECTION A total of 3,745 articles were included in the primary screening; after omitting duplicate articles, animal models, and reviews, 2,896 articles were selected for the study. These studies were selected based on the title and abstract, and 2,772 articles were still omitted based on the exclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION The complete texts of the remaining 124 articles were obtained and thoroughly evaluated for the final screening, and 104 articles were included. DATA SYNTHESIS The postmortem brain had edema, abscess, hemorrhagic and ischemic injuries, infarction, hypoxia, atrophy, hypoplasia, neuronal loss, axonal injuries, demyelination, and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms by which sepsis induces brain dysfunction are likely to include vascular and neuronal lesions, followed by the activation of glial cells and the presence of peripheral immune cells in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emily Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Taha A Sahrapour
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lutiana R Simões
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Department of Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Santa Catarina, Brazil
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