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Spencer JA, Shutt DP, Moser SK, Clegg H, Wearing HJ, Mukundan H, Manore CA. Distinguishing viruses responsible for influenza-like illness. J Theor Biol 2022; 545:111145. [PMID: 35490763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The many respiratory viruses that cause influenza-like illness (ILI) are reported and tracked as one entity, defined by the CDC as a group of symptoms that include a fever of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, a cough, and/or a sore throat. In the United States alone, ILI impacts 9-49 million people every year. While tracking ILI as a single clinical syndrome is informative in many respects, the underlying viruses differ in parameters and outbreak properties. Most existing models treat either a single respiratory virus or ILI as a whole. However, there is a need for models capable of comparing several individual viruses that cause respiratory illness, including ILI. To address this need, here we present a flexible model and simulations of epidemics for influenza, RSV, rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus, adenovirus, and SARS/MERS, parameterized by a systematic literature review and accompanied by a global sensitivity analysis. We find that for these biological causes of ILI, their parameter values, timing, prevalence, and proportional contributions differ substantially. These results demonstrate that distinguishing the viruses that cause ILI will be an important aspect of future work on diagnostics, mitigation, modeling, and preparation for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Spencer
- A-1 Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA.
| | - Deborah P Shutt
- A-1 Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA
| | - S Kane Moser
- B-10 Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA
| | - Hannah Clegg
- A-1 Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA
| | - Helen J Wearing
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, NM87131, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, NM87102, USA
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- C-PCS Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA
| | - Carrie A Manore
- T-6 Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM87545, USA
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2
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Cloutman-Green E, Canales M, Pankhurst L, Evenor T, Malone D, Klein N, Ciric L, Hartley JC. Development and implementation of a cleaning standard algorithm to monitor the efficiency of terminal cleaning in removing adenovirus within a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation unit. Am J Infect Control 2015; 43:997-9. [PMID: 26116333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus infections within the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting can lead to high rates of mortality and hospital-acquired cases have been associated with environmental reservoirs. To establish both location and levels of environmental adenovirus contamination, 48 cubicles containing 794 surfaces were screened postterminal clean over a 4-year period. After initial cleaning 23% of these sites had detectable adenovirus. These data were then used to develop and implement a cleaning standard algorithm for terminal cleaning that was implemented to ensure cubicles were adenovirus-free before the next patient admission.
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Lee CY, Wu MC, Ho CL, Lai CC, Chou TY, Chan YJ. Design and application of a real-time polymerase chain for the detection and subsequent characterization of respiratory adenoviral infections. J Med Virol 2014; 86:2128-33. [PMID: 24916449 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HADVs) comprise at least 54 types and cause a wide spectrum of respiratory tract infections; early diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring of HADV infections requires a rapid and sensitive assay. The use of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated with one set of in-house designed primers for respiratory adenoviral infections. The assay was first validated by detecting successfully 6 representative types and 100 clinical isolates. A concomitant prospective surveillance of viral aetiology using conventional cultures and PCR assays in 160 febrile children with acute respiratory tract symptoms was conducted between May 2010 and July 2011. Viral aetiologies were confirmed in 72 (45%) cases using conventional cultures, including 51 adenoviral infections. The concordance between the real-time PCR and culture was good (Kappa = 0.94), and two additional culture-negative adenovirus infections were identified. During the study period (January 2011), an adenoviral community epidemic occurred. Adenovirus B3 was the predominant type in this epidemic (69.8%), followed by C2 (5.7%), C1 (5.7%), C5 (1.9%), E4 (1.9%), C6 (1.9%), F41 (1.9%), and 4 unclassified species C (7.5%). Significantly prolonged duration of fever (>5 days), higher leukocyte counts, higher neutrophil counts, and higher C-reactive protein levels were in the adenoviral infected group (n = 53, P < 0.001), compared with the non-adenoviral infected group (n = 107). In conclusion, this in-house real-time PCR is capable of detecting adenoviral respiratory infections of various types in children; and patients with adenoviral aetiology suffered from more severe clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ganesh A, Lin J. Waterborne human pathogenic viruses of public health concern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 23:544-64. [PMID: 23432800 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.769205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impending impact of waterborne pathogens on human health has become a growing concern. Drinking water and recreational exposure to polluted water have shown to be linked to viral infections, since viruses are shed in extremely high numbers in the faeces and vomit of infected individuals and are routinely introduced into the water environment. All of the identified pathogenic viruses that pose a significant public health threat in the water environment are transmitted via the faecal-oral route. This group, are collectively known as enteric viruses, and their possible health effects include gastroenteritis, paralysis, meningitis, hepatitis, respiratory illness and diarrhoea. This review addresses both past and recent investigations into viral contamination of surface waters, with emphasis on six types of potential waterborne human pathogenic viruses. In addition, the viral associated illnesses are outlined with reference to their pathogenesis and routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheesha Ganesh
- a Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) , Durban , South Africa
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Luchsinger V, Ruiz M, Zunino E, Martínez MA, Machado C, Piedra PA, Fasce R, Ulloa MT, Fink MC, Lara P, Gebauer M, Chávez F, Avendaño LF. Community-acquired pneumonia in Chile: the clinical relevance in the detection of viruses and atypical bacteria. Thorax 2013; 68:1000-6. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zou L, Zhou J, Li H, Wu J, Mo Y, Chen Q, Fang L, Wu D, Wu J, Ke C. Human adenovirus infection in children with acute respiratory tract disease in Guangzhou, China. APMIS 2012; 120:683-8. [PMID: 22779692 PMCID: PMC7159682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the major worldwide health problem due to associated high morbidity and mortality rates. Adenovirus (Adv) is one of the most common causes of viral ARI, and thus calls for specific diagnosis and better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Our aims were to find out the status of Adv infection in children <14 years with ARI, analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics among the Adv‐infected children in Guangzhou, China, and to provide some basis for the research of Adv. The throat and pharyngeal swabs were collected among the children with acute respiratory tract infections in outpatient department from September 2006 to August 2008. The samples were analyzed by PCR and the sequences were blasted with the sequences of Adv in GenBank. Clinical data were analyzed along with virological data by using appropriate statistical methods. Adv was detected in 25 out of 512 (4.9%) children. The genome types of 23 samples were determined after analysis of the gene sequence. The most prevalent Adv type was species B type 3. Among the patients, 10 were of Ad3 (43.5%), three were of Ad1 (1.3%), five were of species C Ad2 (21.7%), and five were of species E Ad4 (21.7%). A higher incidence of positive results was found during the summer season, thus showing a pattern of seasonality. There exists Adv infection in children with acute respiratory system diseases in Guangzhou area. No significant differences were found among different age groups and gender groups. Co‐infections with other respiratory virus were detected in 64% of the Adv positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zou
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong province, Guangzhou
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SP-A1, SP-A2 and SP-D gene polymorphisms in severe acute respiratory syncytial infection in Chilean infants. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1368-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Luiz LN, Leite JPG, Yokosawa J, Carneiro BM, Pereira Filho E, Oliveira TFDM, Freitas GROE, Costa LF, Paula NTD, Silveira HLD, Nepomuceno JC, Queiróz DAO. Molecular characterization of adenoviruses from children presenting with acute respiratory disease in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and detection of an isolate genetically related to feline adenovirus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:712-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Magwalivha M, Wolfaardt M, Kiulia NM, van Zyl WB, Mwenda JM, Taylor MB. High prevalence of species D human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from Urban Kenyan children with diarrhea. J Med Virol 2010; 82:77-84. [PMID: 19950234 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of clinical syndromes and are classified in seven species, A-G, comprising 52 serotypes. HAdV-A31, -F40, and -F41 have been associated with diarrhea in infants and young children. In developing countries gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and, in comparison to rotaviruses, there are no data on the HAdVs associated with diarrhea in pediatric patients in Kenya. This study investigates the prevalence and genotypes of HAdVs in 278 stool specimens (211 diarrheal; 67 non-diarrheal) from children < or =14 years of age in urban and rural areas in Kenya. Stool specimens were screened for HAdVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction and the HAdVs genotyped by sequence analysis of a conserved hexon gene fragment. HAdVs were detected in 104/278 (37.4%) of the stool specimens: 35/43 (81.4%) of diarrheal and 10/61 (16.4%) of non-diarrheal stool specimens from children in an urban hospice; 25/94 (26.6%) of diarrheal specimens from urban children and 34/80 (42.5%) of diarrheal specimens from children in a rural area. Species D HAdVs were identified as the most prevalent HAdV species in diarrheal stool specimens from urban children comprising 18/37 (48.6%) of the strains identified. In contrast HAdV species F predominated in pediatric diarrheal specimens from the rural area, being identified in 7/16 (43.8%) of the characterized strains. This study provides valuable new data on the prevalence and distribution of HAdV genotypes in diarrheal stool specimens in Kenya and Africa, and highlights the necessity for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Magwalivha
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Larrañaga CL, Ampuero SL, Luchsinger VF, Carrión FA, Aguilar NV, Morales PR, Palomino MAM, Tapia LF, Avendaño LF. Impaired immune response in severe human lower tract respiratory infection by respiratory syncytial virus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:867-73. [PMID: 19738511 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3181a3ea71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection in infants. The immune response plays a leading role in the severity of the disease. We hypothesized that severe RSV disease is associated with an impaired immune response characterized by low circulating T lymphocytes and plasma cytokine concentrations. METHODS We evaluate the in vivo immune responses of previously healthy infants with their first proven RSV-acute lower respiratory infection that required hospitalization. According to the clinical severity, defined by using a strict scoring system, the in vivo immune response was compared through the analysis of plasma cytokine values and the phenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cells. RESULTS Absolute blood cell counts of CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes and NK cells were lower in subjects with RSV than in control infants. Lowest cell counts were observed in more severe RSV-infected infants. Significant low values were obtained in CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0.03) and nonactive NK cells, that express CD94 antigen (P = 0.046). In contrast, activated NK cells that do not express CD94 molecules were significantly higher in RSV infected infants than in healthy controls (% of cells: P = 0.004). The interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha values in RSV infected patients were lower than in controls subjects. Interleukin-17 cytokine was not detected in healthy infants and the largest concentration was found in moderately ill patients as compared with severe cases (P = 0.033). RSV infection showed significantly higher interleukin-8 chemokine than in control infants (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION We propose that severe RSV infection in very young infants is associated with poor blood proinflammatory cytokine production, low counts of CD8+ T cells and with a greater activity of a group of NK cells, that are independent of the major histocompatibility complex class Ib recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Larrañaga
- Programa de Virologia, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Outbreak of acute respiratory disease in China caused by B2 species of adenovirus type 11. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:697-703. [PMID: 19109466 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01769-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection occurred in Shanxi Province, China, from March to April 2006. Of the 254 patients affected by this outbreak, 247 patients were students of a senior high school; 1 of these patients died during the outbreak. Serological tests and blood culture revealed no evidence of bacterial infection. The results of direct reverse transcription-PCR or PCR performed with clinical specimens collected from the patients, including the sole patient who died, were positive for human adenoviruses (HAdVs) but negative for influenza virus, measles virus, rubella virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human enteroviruses. These findings were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HAdV immunoglobulin A, the conventional neutralization test, and viral isolation and identification. Sequencing of the entire hexon gene revealed that HdAV type 11a (HAdV-11a) belonging to the B2 species of HAdV was the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak. However, both the analysis of the phylogenetic relationship and the similarity plot indicated that the sequence of the 3' end of the hexon gene outside the hypervariable regions the HAdV-11a strain isolated in this outbreak may be a recombinant with the sequence of the HAdV-14 strain of species B2. Although isolates of HAdV species B2 seldom cause respiratory infections, they may pose a new global challenge with regard to acute respiratory diseases; this possibility cannot be overlooked and should be carefully considered. Hence, the need to establish and improve both epidemiological and virological surveillance of HAdV infections in China should be emphasized.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:266-73. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282ff8c19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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