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Akane Y, Tsugawa T, Fujii Y, Honjo S, Kondo K, Nakata S, Fujibayashi S, Ohara T, Mori T, Higashidate Y, Nagai K, Kikuchi M, Sato T, Kato S, Tahara Y, Kubo N, Katayama K, Kimura H, Tsutsumi H, Kawasaki Y. Molecular and clinical characterization of the equine-like G3 rotavirus that caused the first outbreak in Japan, 2016. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33587029 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, equine-like G3 rotavirus (eG3) strains have been detected throughout the world, including in Japan, and the strains were found to be dominant in some countries. In 2016, the first eG3 outbreak in Japan occurred in Tomakomai, Hokkaido prefecture, and the strains became dominant in other Hokkaido areas the following year. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics of eG3 and non-eG3 rotavirus infections. The eG3 strains detected in Hokkaido across 2 years from 2016 to 2017 had DS-1-like constellations (i.e. G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2), and the genes were highly conserved (97.5-100 %). One strain, designated as To16-12 was selected as the representative strain for these strains, and all 11 genes of this strain (To16-12) exhibited the closest identity to one foreign eG3 strain (STM050) seen in Indonesia in 2015 and two eG3 strains (IS1090 and MI1125) in another Japanese prefecture in 2016, suggesting that this strain might be introduced into Japan from Indonesia. Sequence analyses of VP7 genes from animal and human G3 strains found worldwide did not identify any with close identity (>92 %) to eG3 strains, including equine RV Erv105. Analysis of another ten genes indicated that the eG3 strain had low similarity to G2P[4] strains, which are considered traditional DS-1-like strains, but high similarity to DS-1-like G1P[8] strains, which first appeared in Asia in 2012. These data suggest that eG3 strains were recently generated in Asia as mono-reassortant strain between DS-1-like G1P[8] strains and unspecified animal G3 strains. Our results indicate that rotavirus surveillance in the postvaccine era requires whole-genome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Akane
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saho Honjo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunagawa City Hospital, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nakata Pediatric Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tomakomai City Hospital, Tomakomai, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, NTT East Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Higashidate
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Sapporo Hokushin Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Takikawa Municipal Hospital, Takikawa, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwamizawa Municipal General Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Rumoi City Hospital, Rumoi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Urakawa Hospital, Urakawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan.,Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Present address: Midorinosato, Saiseikai Otaru Hospital, Otaru, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Bennour H, Bouazizi A, Fodha I, Ben Hadj Fredj M, Ben Hamida-Rebai M, Jerbi A, Dhiflaoui A, Abdelberi S, Abbassi F, Abroug S, Khlifa M, Fathallah A, Boujaafar N, Trabelsi A. Unexpected predominance of rotavirus G9P[8] strain in Tunisian adult diarrheal patients. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:280-289. [PMID: 32003707 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Group A Rotavirus (RVA) is known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children but its role as a potential pathogen in immunocompetent adults is probably underestimated.Aim. To compare RVA infections in patients from different age groups.Methodology. Fecal samples were collected from patients aged from birth to 65 years, hospitalized or consulting for AGE between 2015 and 2017. All samples were screened by RT-PCR for the detection of VP6 gene specific of RVA. RVA-positive samples were VP7 and VP4 genotyped using multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR. Full-length VP7 gene of G9-positive strains were sequenced and submitted for phylogenetic analysis.Results. Of 1371 stool specimens collected from children (<5 years; n=454), older children (5 to <15 years; n=316) and adults (15-65 years; n=601), 165 (12.0 %) were RVA-positive. RVA detection rates were significantly higher in children and adults than in older children (15.8 % and 12.1 Vs 6.3 %, respectively; P<0.001). While RVA infections were mostly detected during the coldest months in children, they were observed all year-round in patients aged >5 years. Although G1P[8] remained the most prevalent combination (41.7 %) detected in children, G9P[8] strains widely predominated in adults (58.1 %), followed by G2P[4] (12.9 %). All characterized G9 strains clustered in the modern lineage III.Conclusion. RVA play an important role in AGE not only in children but also in adults. The findings of a wide G9 predominance in patients >5 years highlights the need for continuing surveillance in both pediatric and mature populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Bennour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bouazizi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imene Fodha
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Hadj Fredj
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Ben Hamida-Rebai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jerbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Dhiflaoui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Shada Abdelberi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Abbassi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Abroug
- Pediatric Unit, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Monia Khlifa
- Pediatric Unit, Regional Hospital of Msaken, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Akila Fathallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Parasitology Department, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Boujaafar
- Microbiology Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhalim Trabelsi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Epidemiology and genetic diversity of group A rotavirus in acute diarrhea patients in pre-vaccination era in Himachal Pradesh, India. Vaccine 2019; 37:5350-5356. [PMID: 31331769 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis due to Group A rotaviruses remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children in developing countries. India introduced its indigenous rotavirus vaccine Rotavac® in 2016 and Himachal Pradesh (HP) the first state to launch it. The present study aimed to evaluate rotavirus strain diversity associated with AGE prior to vaccine introduction in HP. A total of 331 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic children hospitalized at RPGMC Tanda, HP between July-2014 and June-2016 were screened for RVA by EIA. Rotavirus RNA was extracted by TRIZOL method and analyzed by RNA-PAGE. G/P typing was performed using semi-nested multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. Rotavirus was detected in 45% (n = 149/331) of diarrheic children, with highest rate observed in the 6-11 months age group (47%). Vomiting was found more frequently associated with RV-infection. Among G-types, G12 was found most prevalent (33.1%) followed by G1 (28.4%), G9 (12.2%), G2 (9.5%), G3 (3.4%) and G10 (2.7%). G4 (0.7%) strains were rarely detected. Among P-types, P[6] was the most prevalent (40.5%) followed by P[8] (29.1%) and P[4] (14.2%). Of note, genotypes G3 and P[11] were detected for the first time in HP. Among G/P combinations, G12P[6] was most prevalent (30.4%) followed by G1P[8] (20.3%), G2P[4] (4.7%), G1P[6] (3.4%) and G3P[8] (2.7%). Interestingly, our study observed high percentage of unusual strains (14.2%) namely G9P[4], G2P[6], G2P[8], G12P[4] and G1P[11]. The regionally common strains G3P[6], G4P[6], G9P[6], G9P[8], G10P[6], G10P[8] and G12P[8] strains were very rarely detected. Of interest, RNA migration pattern of G1P[8] was DS-1 like and genomic heterogeneity was observed within G12P[4] strains with both long and short electropherotypes. Our study highlights rich genetic diversity with emergence of rare rotavirus strains circulating in HP and provides baseline data prior to Rotavac® introduction that will help to gauge the impact of the Rotavac® vaccine in HP.
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Kaplon J, Grangier N, Pillet S, Minoui-Tran A, Vabret A, Wilhelm N, Prieur N, Lazrek M, Alain S, Mekki Y, Foulongne V, Guinard J, Avettand-Fenoel V, Schnuriger A, Beby-Defaux A, Lagathu G, Pothier P, de Rougemont A. Predominance of G9P[8] rotavirus strains throughout France, 2014–2017. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:660.e1-660.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Silapong S, Sakpaisal P, Bodhidatta L, Lertsethtakarn P, Sethabutr O, Vansith K, Meng CY, Swierczewski BE, Mason CJ. Genotypic Distribution of Rotavirus in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: An Association of G9 with More Severe Diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:947-952. [PMID: 28167599 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRotavirus causes significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Stool samples from a previous hospital-based surveillance study to detect diarrhea etiology at the National Pediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, by Meng and others in 2011 were tested for rotavirus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting vp6 gene and characterized for G- and P-genotypes of positive samples based on vp7 and vp4 genes, respectively. Rotavirus was detected in 159/531 (30%) of children with diarrhea and none was detected in 287 nondiarrhea controls. All but three of the rotavirus-positive cases were children under the age of 2. The most common genotypes characterized by PCR and sequencing were G1P[8] (69%), G9P[8] (11%), and G2P[4] (11%). Genotype G9 was detected at a relatively high percentage that is consistent with the global trend and found to be associated with hospitalization. Data on disease burden and genotypic distribution are required information for the planning of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikorn Silapong
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimmada Sakpaisal
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladaporn Bodhidatta
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orntipa Sethabutr
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ket Vansith
- National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Brett E Swierczewski
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Carl J Mason
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
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de Rougemont A, Kaplon J, Fremy C, Legrand-Guillien MC, Minoui-Tran A, Payan C, Vabret A, Mendes-Martins L, Chouchane M, Maudinas R, Huet F, Dubos F, Hober D, Lazrek M, Bouquignaud C, Decoster A, Alain S, Languepin J, Gillet Y, Lina B, Mekki Y, Morfin-Sherpa F, Guigon A, Guinard J, Foulongne V, Rodiere M, Avettand-Fenoel V, Bonacorsi S, Garbarg-Chenon A, Gendrel D, Lebon P, Lorrot M, Mariani P, Meritet JF, Schnuriger A, Agius G, Beby-Defaux A, Oriot D, Colimon R, Lagathu G, Mory O, Pillet S, Pozzetto B, Stephan JL, Aho S, Pothier P. Clinical severity and molecular characteristics of circulating and emerging rotaviruses in young children attending hospital emergency departments in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:737.e9-737.e15. [PMID: 27287887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. A prospective surveillance network has been set up to investigate the virological and clinical features of RVA infections and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains in France. From 2009 to 2014, RVA-positive stool samples were collected from 4800 children <5 years old attending the paediatric emergency units of 16 large hospitals. Rotaviruses were then genotyped by RT-PCR with regard to their outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7. Genotyping of 4708 RVA showed that G1P[8] strains (62.2%) were predominant. The incidence of G9P[8] (11.5%), G3P[8] (10.4%) and G2P[4] (6.6%) strains varied considerably, whereas G4P[8] (2.7%) strains were circulating mostly locally. Of note, G12P[8] (1.6%) strains emerged during the seasons 2011-12 and 2012-13 with 4.1% and 3.0% prevalence, respectively. Overall, 40 possible zoonotic reassortants, such as G6 (33.3%) and G8 (15.4%) strains, were detected, and were mostly associated with P[6] (67.5%). Analysis of clinical records of 624 hospitalized children and severity scores from 282 of them showed no difference in clinical manifestations or severity in relation to the genotype. The relative stability of RVA genotypes currently co-circulating and the large predominance of P[8] type strains may ensure vaccine effectiveness in France. The surveillance will continue to monitor the emergence of new reassortants that might not respond to current vaccines, all the more so as all genotypes can cause severe infections in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Rougemont
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France; UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - J Kaplon
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France
| | - C Fremy
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France
| | | | | | - C Payan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
| | - A Vabret
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, France
| | | | - M Chouchane
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - R Maudinas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - F Huet
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - F Dubos
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - D Hober
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - M Lazrek
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - C Bouquignaud
- Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - A Decoster
- Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - S Alain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, France
| | - J Languepin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, France
| | | | - B Lina
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Y Mekki
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | | | - A Guigon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans, France
| | - J Guinard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans, France
| | - V Foulongne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | - M Rodiere
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | | | - S Bonacorsi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - D Gendrel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - P Lebon
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - P Mariani
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - J-F Meritet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - G Agius
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - A Beby-Defaux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - D Oriot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - R Colimon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - G Lagathu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - O Mory
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Pillet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - B Pozzetto
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J-L Stephan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Aho
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - P Pothier
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France; UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Corcoran MS, van Well GTJ, van Loo IHM. Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis in children: interpretation of real-time PCR results and relation to clinical symptoms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1663-73. [PMID: 24828003 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular methods such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are rapidly replacing traditional tests to detect fecal viral pathogens in childhood diarrhea. This technique has now increased the analytical sensitivity so drastically that positive results are found in asymptomatic children, leading to complex interpretation of real-time PCR results and difficult distinction between asymptomatic shedding and etiological cause of disease. We performed a review of the literature including pediatric studies using real-time PCR and a minimal inclusion period of one year to exclude bias by seasonality. We searched for studies on rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus, known to be the most common viruses to cause gastroenteritis in the pediatric population. For these viruses, we summarized the detection rates in hospitalized and community-based children with clinical symptoms of gastroenteritis, as well as subjects with asymptomatic viral shedding. Moreover, insight is given into the different viral sero- and genotypes causing pediatric gastroenteritis. We also discuss the scoring systems for severity of disease and their clinical value. A few published proposals have been made to improve the clinical interpretation of real-time PCR results, which we recapitulate and discuss in this review. We propose using the semi-quantitative measure of real-time PCR, as a surrogate for viral load, in relation to the severity score to distinguish asymptomatic viral shedding from clinically relevant disease. Overall, this review provides a better understanding of the scope of childhood gastroenteritis, discusses a method to enhance the interpretation of real-time PCR results, and proposes conditions for future research to enhance clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Corcoran
- Department of Pediatrics, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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Rotavirus genotype distribution during the pre-vaccine period in Bolivia: 2007-2008. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e762-7. [PMID: 23688547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rotavirus is the most important etiology of severe diarrhea in Bolivia. The monovalent attenuated human oral rotavirus vaccine Rotarix(®) was introduced in Bolivia in 2008. We describe the molecular epidemiology of circulating rotavirus strains before vaccine introduction. METHODS Two thousand one hundred thirty-five diarrheal samples were collected from hospitals in four Bolivian cities during 2007-2008. Forty-three percent (445 of 1030 rotavirus-positive samples) were analyzed for G and P genotypes. Among those, 331 were electropherotyped by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Disease severity was quantified using a modified Vesikari scale. RESULTS Among the 445 samples, five genotypes were found to be prevalent: G9P[8] (33%), G1P[6] (17%), G2P[4] (13%), G9P[6] (12%), and G1P[8] (4%). Co-infections with two or more strains accounted for 14% of samples. The most prevalent strain, G9, showed greater electropherotype diversity compared to other serogroups. Strain G1P[6] generally infected younger children and peaked later in the year than other strains. No particular genotype was associated with a higher severity score, though there was a significant difference in the duration of diarrhea between genotypes. CONCLUSIONS During the 2-year pre-vaccine period, substantial diversity of rotavirus co-circulating strains was observed. These data constitute a baseline against which changes in circulating strains post-vaccine introduction can be monitored.
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Pereira LA, Ferreira CEO, Turchetto GD, Nogueira MB, Vidal LR, Cruz CR, Debur MC, Almeida SMD, Raboni SM. Molecular characterization of rotavirus genotypes in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013; 89:278-85. [PMID: 23684457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the genotypic variability of group A rotavirus (RVA) found in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients treated at the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,140 stool samples collected from April, 2001 to December, 2008 in outpatients and hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis referred to the hospital. RVA diagnosis was performed through the latex agglutination method and enzyme immunoassay. Reverse transcription followed by multiplex hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing were used for genotype characterization. Genotype combinations, clinical, epidemiological, laboratory data, and presence of hospital-acquired infections were reported. RESULTS A total of 80 rotavirus-positive stool samples were analyzed. The most frequent associations between genotypes G and P were: G4 P[8] (38.9%), G1 P[8] (30.5%), G9 P[8] (13.9%), G2 P[4] (6.9%), and G3 P[8] (1.4%). G2 P[4] was the most prevalent genotype after the vaccine implementation in the years 2006 and 2008. A total of 62,5% of infected children were aged less than 12 months. Of these, 55.6% had severe dehydration and 26.7% needed intensive care. A frequency of 12.5% of nosocomial infections was found. No correlation was observed between genotype and severity of infection in the study patients. CONCLUSION RVA infections can be associated with severe clinical manifestations, and the surveillance of genotypic variability of this virus is crucial to monitor the emergence of new strains and the impact of the immunization in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Pereira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Molecular characterization of rotavirus genotypes in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hassine-Zaafrane M, Sdiri-Loulizi K, Ben Salem I, Kaplon J, Ayouni S, Ambert-Balay K, Sakly N, Pothier P, Aouni M. The molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses: three-year surveillance in the region of Monastir, Tunisia. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:266. [PMID: 21967503 PMCID: PMC3193173 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. In developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with an estimated 527,000 annually. In infants, rotavirus is estimated to cause more than 2 million hospitalizations every year depending on the income level of the country. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of circulating G and P genotype rotavirus strains among children consulting several dispensaries in the region of Monastir (outpatients departments) or admitted to Monastir University Hospital (inpatients department) with acute gastroenteritis. METHODS This study was undertaken during a 3-year period from April 2007 to April 2010 in Tunisian children under 13 suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by ELISA and genotyped using multiplex reverse transcription PCRs with type-specific primers on the basis of their outer capsid proteins. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software, version 19. RESULTS Of the 435 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis, 27.6% were positive for rotavirus A. The predominant G type was G1 (37.5%), followed by G3 (25%), G2 (17.5%), G4 (12.5%), G9 (2.5%) and three mixed-G infections G3G4 (2.5%) were identified. Only P[8] (80.8%), P[4] (16.7%) and P[9] (0.8%) genotypes were found. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (37.5%), followed by G3P[8] (25%), G2P[4] (16.7%), G4P[8] (12.5%), G9P[8] (1.7%) and one case of the unusual combination G9P[9] (0.8%). The G-mixed types G3G4 combined with P[8] (2.5%). Infants less than 3 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the winter season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a common disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Tunisia's National Immunisation Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Hassine-Zaafrane
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, TU-5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Tapisiz A, Karahan ZC, Çiftçi E, İnce E, Doğru Ü. Changing patterns of rotavirus genotypes in Turkey. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:517-22. [PMID: 21938522 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To describe the circulation dynamics of human rotavirus genotypes and to understand the epidemiological changes of rotavirus infection in Turkey, one of the countries where the highest mortality rates are seen due to rotavirus in Europe. Stool samples of children under 5 years of age which gave positive results for rotavirus antigen were stored at -20°C and then genotyped using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction. Of the 494 stool samples, 137 (28.1%) were positive for rotavirus antigen and 100 (73%) samples which could be genotyped successfully were included in the study. 42 (42%) samples were from inpatients, and 58 (58%) were from outpatients. The median age of the children was 16 months (5 days-59 months). G9 and P[8] were the most frequent G and P genotypes, and were detected in 30 (30%) and 55 patients (55%), respectively. In 90 samples for which both G and P genotypes could be determined, 34 different combinations were found. G9P[8] was the most frequent genotype detected in 19 patients (19%), followed by G1P[8] and G4P[6] each in 7 (7%) patients. The incidence of mixed infection was found to be 26%. Novel strains like P2A[6] and P[5] and unusual reassortant strains were detected. Distribution of rotavirus genotypes exhibited distinctive changes in this study. When the ever-changing epidemiology of rotaviruses is taken into account, ongoing surveillance studies are important before the inclusion of rotavirus vaccines in national immunization program of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tapisiz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abdel-Haq N, Amjad M, McGrath E, Chearskul P, Amer A, Salimnia H, Asmar BI. Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:761-767. [PMID: 21372186 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.026807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Between January 2007 and April 2009, rotavirus (RV)-positive stool samples from 238 children with acute gastroenteritis, seen at Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit, USA, were collected and RV genotyping was performed. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing was conducted on selected G9 and P[6] strains. Correlation between the severity of gastroenteritis episode and the infecting G genotype was done using a 14-point scoring system. The predominant G genotype was G9 (39.5 %), followed by G1 (35.3 %) and G4 (15.5 %), while P[8] was the most prevalent P genotype (66.5 %), followed by P[4] (21.9 %) and P[6] (11.2 %). The gene combinations G1P[8] and G9P[8] were the most prevalent (21.4 % and 20.6 %, respectively), followed by G4P[8] (13 %) and G9P[6] (8.8 %). Immunization data showed that only 17/238 (7.1 %) children received ≥one dose of RV vaccine (the pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq or the monovalent vaccine Rotarix) and that 10/17 were infected with G4P[8] strains. Severity of RV gastroenteritis episodes was not related to the infecting G genotype. Our results suggest a high proportion of genotype G9 strains in combination with P[8], P[6] and P[4] specificity circulating in the metropolitan Detroit area. While the protective efficacy of the RV vaccines has been demonstrated against G9P[8] strains, the level of cross-protection offered by the vaccines against G9 strains with P[6] and P[4] genotypes in the Detroit paediatric population remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Haq
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eric McGrath
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pimpanada Chearskul
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahdi Amer
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Basim I Asmar
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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Molecular and clinical characterization of rotavirus from diarrheal infants admitted to pediatric emergency units in france. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:118-24. [PMID: 20686439 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3181ef034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND rotaviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide, and require careful surveillance, especially in the context of vaccination programs. Prospective surveillance is required to monitor and characterize rotavirus infections, including viral and clinical data, and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains. METHODS between 2006 and 2009, stool samples and clinical records were collected from 2044 children with acute diarrhea admitted to the pediatric emergency units of 13 French university hospitals. Rotaviruses were detected in stools, then genotyped by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with regard to their outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7. RESULTS the genotyping of 1947 rotaviruses showed that G1 (61.7%) and G9 (27.4%) strains were predominant and stable, followed by G2 (6.5%), G3 (4.0%), and G4 (2.5%) strains. Most strains were associated with P[8] (92.9%). Overall, 31 uncommon strains and possible zoonotic reassortants were detected including G12 and G8 strains, some being closely related to bovine strains. No difference in clinical presentation and severity was found among genotypes. CONCLUSIONS the relative stability of rotavirus genotypes currently cocirculating in France may ensure vaccine effectiveness in the short and medium term. However, the likely emergence of G12 and G8 strains should be monitored during ongoing and future vaccination programs, especially as all genotypes can cause severe infections. Special attention should be paid to the emergence of new rotavirus reassortants not included in current rotavirus vaccines.
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Sustained decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in the new rotavirus vaccine era. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:699-702. [PMID: 20661099 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3181d73524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dramatic diminution in the number of rotavirus gastroenteritis cases during the 2007 to 2008 rotavirus season in the United States was likely attributable to the availability of an effective rotavirus vaccine for infants since February 2006. To exclude the possibility that factors other than vaccination accounted for the declining case frequency, we examined the 2008 to 2009 experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). METHODS Infants with acute gastroenteritis presenting to CHOP have been monitored for the presence of rotavirus antigen in the stool by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (followed by serotyping if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive) since the 1994 to 1995 epidemic season. RESULTS The number of community-acquired cases during the last full rotavirus season before licensure of a vaccine was 271 in 2005 to 2006, followed by 167 cases in 2006 to 2007 and 36 in 2007 to 2008. Between 2008 and 2009, 73 community-acquired cases were identified. Almost half of the cases were seen among children older than 2 years. Unlike the late-appearing 2007 to 2008 season, the 2008 to 2009 season paralleled the typical time course observed in the prevaccine era. G9P[8] strains caused 64% of the cases. CONCLUSION The sustained decline in the frequency of community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis has likely resulted from the use of the new rotavirus vaccines. The age distribution of children hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis has shifted toward older children with the introduction of effective vaccines. The G9 serotype (not included in either vaccine) emerged as the most common cause of rotavirus gastroenteritis at CHOP during the 2008 to 2009 season.
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Han TH, Kim CH, Chung JY, Park SH, Hwang ES. Genetic characterization of rotavirus in children in South Korea from 2007 to 2009. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1663-73. [PMID: 20625775 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most important etiological agent in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The recent implementation of a rotavirus vaccine in Korea requires the monitoring of prevailing rotavirus strains in order to control the infection. One hundred thirty-nine rotavirus strains were detected in children hospitalized with AGE in Seoul, Korea from 2007 to 2009. The most frequent combination of genotypes was G9P[8] (32.1%), followed by G1P[8] (20.7%) and G3P[8] (11.7%). Mixed G-types were detected in 14 samples (10.0%), and mixed P-types were found in six samples (4.3%). G9 genotypes were predominant from 2007 to 2008, whereas G1 and G3 genotypes were predominant from 2008 to 2009. G1 strains clustered mostly in the Id lineage, and some clustered in the Ic, IId, and Ia lineages. G2 strains clustered in the IV and V lineages. G3 and G9 strains clustered in the IIId and Id lineages, respectively. This study shows a rapid change of the prevalent genotype from G9 to G1 and G3 genotypes, suggesting that continuous surveillance of rotavirus strains is important for rotavirus vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggyepaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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