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Mora VP, Kalergis AM, Bohmwald K. Neurological Impact of Respiratory Viruses: Insights into Glial Cell Responses in the Central Nervous System. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1713. [PMID: 39203555 PMCID: PMC11356956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections pose a significant public health threat, particularly in children and older adults, with high mortality rates. Some of these pathogens are the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses (IV), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1). These viruses cause various respiratory symptoms, including cough, fever, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Notably, these viruses can also impact the central nervous system (CNS), leading to acute manifestations such as seizures, encephalopathies, encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and long-term complications. The precise mechanisms by which these viruses affect the CNS are not fully understood. Glial cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes within the CNS, play pivotal roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating immune responses. Exploring how these cells interact with viral pathogens, such as hRSV, SARS-CoV-2, IVs, B19V, and HBoV1, offers crucial insights into the significant impact of respiratory viruses on the CNS. This review article examines hRSV, SARS-CoV-2, IV, B19V, and HBoV1 interactions with microglia and astrocytes, shedding light on potential neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina P. Mora
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
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2
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Nurmukanova V, Matsvay A, Gordukova M, Shipulin G. Square the Circle: Diversity of Viral Pathogens Causing Neuro-Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2024; 16:787. [PMID: 38793668 PMCID: PMC11126052 DOI: 10.3390/v16050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinfections rank among the top ten leading causes of child mortality globally, even in high-income countries. The crucial determinants for successful treatment lie in the timing and swiftness of diagnosis. Although viruses constitute the majority of infectious neuropathologies, diagnosing and treating viral neuroinfections remains challenging. Despite technological advancements, the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in over half of cases. The identification of the pathogen becomes more difficult when the infection is caused by atypical pathogens or multiple pathogens simultaneously. Furthermore, the modern surge in global passenger traffic has led to an increase in cases of infections caused by pathogens not endemic to local areas. This review aims to systematize and summarize information on neuroinvasive viral pathogens, encompassing their geographic distribution and transmission routes. Emphasis is placed on rare pathogens and cases involving atypical pathogens, aiming to offer a comprehensive and structured catalog of viral agents with neurovirulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Nurmukanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Matsvay
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Gordukova
- G. Speransky Children’s Hospital No. 9, 123317 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Cavallazzi R, Ramirez JA. Influenza and Viral Pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:183-212. [PMID: 38280763 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Influenza and other respiratory viruses are commonly identified in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia. Clinically, it is difficult to differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia. Similarly, the radiological findings of viral infection are in general nonspecific. The advent of polymerase chain reaction testing has enormously facilitated the identification of respiratory viruses, which has important implications for infection control measures and treatment. Currently, treatment options for patients with viral infection are limited but there is ongoing research on the development and clinical testing of new treatment regimens and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cavallazzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Julio A Ramirez
- Norton Infectious Diseases Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
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4
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Sarchese V, Palombieri A, Prandi I, Robetto S, Bertolotti L, Capucchio MT, Orusa R, Mauthe von Degerfeld M, Quaranta G, Vacchetta M, Martella V, Di Martino B, Di Profio F. Molecular Surveillance for Bocaparvoviruses and Bufaviruses in the European Hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus). Microorganisms 2024; 12:189. [PMID: 38258015 PMCID: PMC10819369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of bocaparvoviruses (BoVs) and bufaviruses (BuVs) in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) was investigated by screening duodenal and liver samples collected from 183 carcasses, delivered to wildlife rescue centers located in northwestern Italy. BoV DNA was detected in 15 animals (8.2%), with prevalences of 7.1% (13/183) and 2.7% (5/183) in intestine and liver samples, respectively. Upon the sequence analyses of the NS1 gene, two highly divergent BoVs (65.5-67.8% nt identities) were identified. Fourteen strains showed the highest identity (98.3-99.4% nt) to the hedgehog BoV strains recently detected in China in Amur hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis), whilst four strains were genetically related (98.9-99.4% nt identities) to the porcine BoVs identified in pigs and classified in the species Bocaparvovirus ungulate 4, which included related viruses also found in rats, minks, shrews, and mice. BuV DNA was detected in the duodenal samples of two hedgehogs, with a prevalence rate of 1.1%. The nearly full-length genome of two BuV strains, Hedgehog/331DU-2022/ITA and Hedgehog/1278DU/2019/ITA, was reconstructed. Upon phylogenetic analysis based on the NS and VP aa sequences, the Italian hedgehog BuVs tightly clustered with the BuVs recently identified in the Chinese Amur hedgehogs, within a potential novel candidate species of the genus Protoparvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sarchese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Ilaria Prandi
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Serena Robetto
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d’Aosta, 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (S.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d’Aosta, 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (S.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | - Giuseppe Quaranta
- Centro Animali Non Convenzionali (C.A.N.C.), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.P.); (M.T.C.); (M.M.v.D.); (G.Q.)
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy;
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy; (V.S.); (A.P.); (B.D.M.)
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Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015-2019). J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052003. [PMID: 36902789 PMCID: PMC10003849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a common cause of encephalitis. This study investigated the relationship between the incidence of encephalitis and that of respiratory and enteric viral infections in all age groups from 2015 to 2019, using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Open Access Big Data Platform. We identified monthly incidence patterns and seasonal trends using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The Granger causality test was used to analyze correlations between encephalitis incidence and the positive detection rate (PDR) at 1-month intervals. A total of 42,775 patients were diagnosed with encephalitis during the study period. The incidence of encephalitis was highest in the winter (26.8%). The PDRs for respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and coronavirus (HCoV) were associated with the trend in encephalitis diagnosis in all age groups, with a 1-month lag period. In addition, an association with norovirus was observed in patients aged over 20 years, and with influenza virus (IFV) in patients aged over 60 years. This study found that HRSV, HCoV, IFV, and norovirus tended to precede encephalitis by 1 month. Further research is required to confirm the association between these viruses and encephalitis.
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Piewbang C, Wardhani SW, Phongroop K, Lohavicharn P, Sirivisoot S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S. Naturally acquired feline bocavirus type 1 and 3 infections in cats with neurologic deficits. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3076-e3087. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The International Graduate course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST) Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Kannika Phongroop
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Pattiya Lohavicharn
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center Clemson University Columbia South Carolina 29229 United States of America
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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7
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Rayamajhi Thapa R, Plentz A, Edinger M, Wolff D, Angstwurm K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Human bocavirus 1 respiratory tract reactivations or reinfections in two adults, contributing to neurological deficits and death. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000237. [PMID: 34595389 PMCID: PMC8479962 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) of the family Parvoviridae causes mild to life-threatening respiratory tract infections in young children, but, due to widespread immunity, it is uncommon in adults. HBoV1 reinfections or reactivations leading to casualties are rare, but might be underdiagnosed. We report two young adults, one previously healthy and one immunosuppressed, with rare diagnostic patterns of HBoV1 respiratory tract infection. Both patients exhibited very high loads of HBoV1 DNA in respiratory samples. The immunosuppressed patient was also HBoV1 DNA-positive in blood, stool and a colon biopsy, but exhibited prior HBoV1-specific high-avidity IgG and weak IgM positivity 9 months before the respiratory symptoms. Likewise, the previously healthy patient exhibited HBoV1 IgG of high avidity and very weak IgM in serum, pointing to prior immunity, but with a seroconversion in cerebrospinal fluid. This patient also showed strong HBoV2 cross-reactivity. The molecular and serological results, together with their ages, suggest that both patients exhibited unusual reinfection or reactivation of HBoV1, contributing to neurological deficits and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelie Plentz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Piewbang C, Wardhani SW, Dankaona W, Lacharoje S, Chai-in P, Yostawonkul J, Chanseanroj J, Boonrungsiman S, Kasantikul T, Poovorawan Y, Techangamsuwan S. Canine bocavirus-2 infection and its possible association with encephalopathy in domestic dogs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255425. [PMID: 34383794 PMCID: PMC8360608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine bocaviruses (CBoVs) have been recognized as pathogens associated with intestinal diseases. Hematogenous spreading caused by CBoV has been documented and may potentiate the virus entry across the blood-brain barrier to initiate a brain infection. This study focused attention on CBoV detection in cases of encepahlopathy and attempted to determine its viral localization. A total of 107 dog brains that histologically exhibited encephalopathy (ED) were investigated for the presence of CBoVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-three histologically normal brain samples from dogs were used as a control group (CD). CBoV-2 was detected in 15 ED dogs (14.02%) but not in CD dogs (p = 0.02), while no CBoV-1 and -3 were detected. Among the CBoV-2 positive dogs, brain histological changes were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis, with inclusion body-like materials in some brains. In situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of CBoV-2 viral particles in glial cells, supporting neurotropism of this virus. ISH signals were also detected in the intestines, lymphoid organs, and the heart, suggesting both enteral and parenteral infections of this virus. Whole genome characterization and evolutionary analysis revealed genetic diversity of CBoV-2 sequences and it was varying among the different countries where the virus was detected. This study points to a possible association of CBoV-2 with encephalopathy in dogs. It also highlights the genetic diversity and cellular tropism of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The International Graduate course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichan Dankaona
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sitthichok Lacharoje
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poowadon Chai-in
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The International Graduate course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jira Chanseanroj
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vilmane A, Terentjeva A, Tamosiunas PL, Suna N, Suna I, Petraityte-Burneikiene R, Murovska M, Rasa-Dzelzkaleja S, Nora-Krukle Z. Human Parvoviruses May Affect the Development and Clinical Course of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060339. [PMID: 32503112 PMCID: PMC7349785 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Vilmane
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-67060838
| | - Anna Terentjeva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Paulius L. Tamosiunas
- Vilnius University Life Sciences Center Institute of Biotechnology, 7 Sauletekio Al., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.L.T.); (R.P.-B.)
| | - Normunds Suna
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital “Gaiļezers”, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (N.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Inga Suna
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital “Gaiļezers”, 2 Hipokrata St., LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (N.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Rasa Petraityte-Burneikiene
- Vilnius University Life Sciences Center Institute of Biotechnology, 7 Sauletekio Al., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.L.T.); (R.P.-B.)
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Santa Rasa-Dzelzkaleja
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
| | - Zaiga Nora-Krukle
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Ratsupites St., LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.T.); (M.M.); (S.R.-D.); (Z.N.-K.)
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10
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Verbeke V, Reynders M, Floré K, Vandewal W, Debulpaep S, Sauer K, Cardoen F, Padalko E. Human bocavirus infection in Belgian children with respiratory tract disease. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2919-2930. [PMID: 31520220 PMCID: PMC7087345 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been detected primarily in children with acute lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), but its occurrence, clinical profile, and role as a causative agent of RTD are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the potential clinical relevance of HBoV. Using molecular tests, we tested 1352 nasopharyngeal samples obtained between October 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018 from children up to the age of 16 with RTD for the presence of HBoV DNA and 20 other respiratory pathogens at three different hospitals in Belgium. HBoV was detected in 77 children with a median age of 10.6 months. Consecutive samples were available for 15 HBoV-positive children and showed persistent HBoV positivity in four of them. Monoinfection was observed in six infants. Four of them were born prematurely and were infected during hospitalization at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Only one of these six monoinfected children was diagnosed with recurrent wheezing due to HBoV. This child was carried to term and had a high viral load. Coinfections, most frequently with rhinovirus (52.1%) and adenovirus (49.3%), were observed in 72 patients. In seventeen of them in which HBoV was present at high viral load or higher viral load than its copathogens, bronchi(oli)tis (n = 8), recurrent wheezing (n = 8) or episodic wheezing (n = 1) were diagnosed. Our results suggest that HBoV infection at high viral load in infants is associated with wheezing (P = 0.013, Cramer's V = 0.613).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Verbeke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wouter Vandewal
- AZ Sint-Lucas Bruges, Sint-Lucaslaan 29, 8310 Brugge, Belgium
| | - Sara Debulpaep
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Sauer
- AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Brugge, Belgium
| | | | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Parvoviruses are structurally simple viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes and nonenveloped icosahedral capsids. They infect a wide range of animals from insects to humans. Parvovirus B19 is a long-known human pathogen, whereas adeno-associated viruses are nonpathogenic. Since 2005, many parvoviruses have been discovered in human-derived samples: bocaviruses 1-4, parvovirus 4, bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. Some human parvoviruses have already been shown to cause disease during acute infection, some are associated with chronic diseases, and others still remain to be proven clinically relevant-or harmless commensals, a distinction not as apparent as it might seem. One initially human-labeled parvovirus might not even be a human virus, whereas another was originally overlooked due to inadequate diagnostics. The intention of this review is to follow the rocky road of emerging human parvoviruses from discovery of a DNA sequence to current and future clinical status, highlighting the perils along the way.
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Christensen A, Kesti O, Elenius V, Eskola AL, Døllner H, Altunbulakli C, Akdis CA, Söderlund-Venermo M, Jartti T. Human bocaviruses and paediatric infections. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:418-426. [PMID: 30948251 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), belonging to the Parvoviridae family, was discovered in 2005, in nasopharyngeal samples from children with respiratory tract infections. Three additional bocaviruses, HBoV2-4, were discovered in 2009-10. These viruses have mainly been found in faecal samples and their role in human diseases is still uncertain. HBoV1 causes a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases in children, including common cold, acute otitis media, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and asthma exacerbations. HBoV1 DNA can persist in airway secretions for months after an acute infection. Consequently, acute HBoV1 infection cannot be diagnosed with standard DNA PCR; quantitative PCR and serology are better diagnostic approaches. Because of their high clinical specificity, diagnostic developments such as HBoV1 mRNA and antigen detection have shown promising results. This Review summarises the knowledge on human bocaviruses, with a special focus on HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christensen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olli Kesti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Varpu Elenius
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna L Eskola
- Department of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Døllner
- Department of Pediatrics, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Influenza and other respiratory viruses are commonly identified in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia. Clinically, it is difficult to differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia. Similarly, the radiological findings of viral infection are nonspecific. The advent of polymerase chain reaction testing has enormously facilitated the identification of respiratory viruses, which has important implications for infection control measures and treatment. Currently, treatment options for patients with viral infection are limited, but there is ongoing research on the development and clinical testing of new treatment regimens and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cavallazzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville, 550 South Jackson Street, ACB, A3R27, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Julio A Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Med Center One, 501 E. Broadway Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Liu WK, Liu Q, Chen DH, Tan WP, Cai Y, Qiu SY, Xu D, Li C, Li X, Lin ZS, Zhou R. Epidemiology of HBoV1 infection and relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a 7-year study in a subtropical region. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:329. [PMID: 30012099 PMCID: PMC6048719 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI), yet the epidemiology and effect of meteorological conditions on infection is not fully understood. To investigate the distribution of HBoV1 and determine the effect of meteorological conditions, hospitalized pediatric patients were studied in a subtropical region of China. METHODS Samples from 11,399 hospitalized pediatric patients (≤14 years old), with ARI were tested for HBoV1 and other common respiratory pathogens using real-time PCR, between July 2009 and June 2016. In addition, local meteorological data were collected. RESULTS Of the 11,399 patients tested, 5606 (49.2%) were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Two hundred forty-eight of 11,399 (2.2%) were positive for HBoV1 infection. Co-infection was common in HBoV1-positive patients (45.2%, 112/248). A significant difference in the prevalence of HBoV1 was found in patients in different age groups (p < 0.001), and the peak prevalence was found in patients aged 7-12 months (4.7%, 56/1203). Two HBoV1 prevalence peaks were found in summer (between June and September) and winter (between November and December). The prevalence of HBoV1 was significantly positively correlated with mean temperature and negatively correlated with mean relative humidity, and the mean temperature in the preceding month had better explanatory power than the current monthly temperature. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of HBoV1 infection in children in subtropical regions. Data from this study provide useful information for the future control and prevention of HBoV1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Tan
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Shi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ao Y, Li X, Li L, Xie X, Jin D, Yu J, Lu S, Duan Z. Two novel bocaparvovirus species identified in wild Himalayan marmots. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1348-1356. [PMID: 29218438 PMCID: PMC7089499 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bocaparvovirus (BOV) is a genetically diverse group of DNA viruses and a possible cause of respiratory, enteric, and neurological diseases in humans and animals. Here, two highly divergent BOVs (tentatively named as Himalayan marmot BOV, HMBOV1 and HMBOV2) were identified in the livers and feces of wild Himalayan marmots in China, by viral metagenomic analysis. Five of 300 liver samples from Himalayan marmots were positive for HMBOV1 and five of 99 fecal samples from these animals for HMBOV2. Their nearly complete genome sequences are 4,672 and 4,887 nucleotides long, respectively, with a standard genomic organization and containing protein-coding motifs typical for BOVs. Based on their NS1, NP1, and VP1, HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are most closely related to porcine BOV SX/1-2 (approximately 77.0%/50.0%, 50.0%/53.0%, and 79.0%/54.0% amino acid identity, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of these three proteins showed that HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 formed two distinctly independent branches in BOVs. According to these results, HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are two different novel species in the Bocaparvovirus genus. Their identification expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolution of BOVs. Further studies are needed to investigate their potential pathogenicity and their impact on Himalayan marmots and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyun Ao
- National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Laboratory Department, the First People's Hospital of Anqing, Anqing, 246000, China
| | - Lili Li
- National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Xiaolu Xie
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dong Jin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiemei Yu
- National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China.
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16
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Acute encephalopathy in an immunocompromised boy with astrovirus-MLB1 infection detected by next generation sequencing. J Clin Virol 2016; 78:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Broccolo F, Falcone V, Esposito S, Toniolo A. Human bocaviruses: Possible etiologic role in respiratory infection. J Clin Virol 2015; 72:75-81. [PMID: 26441386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV) are currently included in the Bocavirus genus. There is satisfactory evidence demonstrating an association between HBoV1 and respiratory disease in children, and there is evidence that HBoV2 (and possibly the HBoV3 and HBoV4 species) are associated with gastroenteritis. In particular, HBoV1 has been associated with a prolonged period of persistence in the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Virus persistence does play a role in the high frequency of co-infections with proper pathogens of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The high detection rate of multiple respiratory viruses in up to 83% of respiratory specimens and the presence of asymptomatic HBoV1 infections complicate the elucidation of the pathogenic role of the agent. Overall, a large amount of data are available concerning HBoV1, whereas little information is available about other bocavirus species. High viral loads are often associated with symptoms, and viremia may be associated with systemic manifestations such as encephalopathy. The effects and mechanisms of latency, persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are poorly understood. Thus, particularly in co-infections, the pathogenic contribution of the detected bocavirus species cannot be accurately stated. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HBoV species and provides perspectives for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Department of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Akturk H, Sık G, Salman N, Sutcu M, Tatli B, Akcay Ciblak M, Bulent Erol O, Hancerli Torun S, Citak A, Somer A. Atypical presentation of human bocavirus: Severe respiratory tract infection complicated with encephalopathy. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1831-8. [PMID: 25966820 PMCID: PMC7166798 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBOV) has been reported as a worldwide distributed respiratory pathogen. It has also been associated with encephalitis recently by detection of the virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients presented with encephalitis. This retrospective study aimed to present clinical features of HBOV infections in children with respiratory symptoms and describe unexplained encephalopathy in a subgroup of these patients. Results of 1,143 pediatric nasal samples from mid-December 2013 to July 2014 were reviewed for detection of HBOV. A multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for viral detection. Medical records of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. HBOV was detected in 30 patients (2.6%). Median age was 14 months (5-80). Clinical diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (n = 10), bronchopneumonia (n = 9), acute bronchiolitis (n = 5), pneumonia (n = 4), acute bronchitis (n = 1), and asthma execarbation (n = 1). Hospitalization was required in 16 (53.3%) patients and 10 (62.5%) of them admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Noninvasive mechanical ventilation modalities was applied to four patients and mechanical ventilation to four patients. Intractable seizures developed in four patients while mechanically ventilated on the 2nd-3rd days of PICU admission. No specific reason for encephalopathy was found after a thorough investigation. No mortality was observed, but two patients were discharged with neurological sequela. HBOV may lead to respiratory infections in a wide spectrum of severity. This report indicates its potential to cause severe respiratory infections requiring PICU admission and highlights possible clinical association of HBOV and encephalopathy, which developed during severe respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Akturk
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Guntulu Sık
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Intensive Care UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Nuran Salman
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Murat Sutcu
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Burak Tatli
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Neurology UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Meral Akcay Ciblak
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical MicrobiologyNational Influenza Reference LaboratoryIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Oguz Bulent Erol
- Department of RadiologyIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Selda Hancerli Torun
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Agop Citak
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Intensive Care UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ayper Somer
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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