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Teh CP, Chook JB, Ngeow YF, Tong TYK, Tee KK, Bong JJ, Mohamed R. Primer and probe conservation issue in the quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA. Rev Med Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chye Phing Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- Department of Medical Sciences School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Department of Pre‐Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Kajang Malaysia
| | - Tommy Yuh Koon Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kok Keng Tee
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jan Jin Bong
- Sunway Medical Centre Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197150. [PMID: 32998270 PMCID: PMC7582680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation is a very modern medical field for targeting viral infections. In the race to develop the best immune modulator against viruses, curcumin, as a natural product, is inexpensive, without side effects, and can stimulate very well certain areas of the human immune system. As a bright yellow component of turmeric spice, curcumin has been the subject of thousands of scientific and clinical studies in recent decades to prove its powerful antioxidant properties and anticancer effects. Curcumin has been shown to influence inter- and intracellular signaling pathways, with direct effects on gene expression of the antioxidant proteins and those that regulate the immunity. Experimental studies have shown that curcumin modulates several enzyme systems, reduces nitrosative stress, increases the antioxidant capacity, and decreases the lipid peroxidation, protecting against fatty liver pathogenesis and fibrotic changes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects millions of people worldwide, having sometimes a dramatic evolution to chronic aggressive infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All up-to-date treatments are limited, there is still a gap in the scientific knowledge, and a sterilization cure may not yet be possible with the removal of both covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the embedded HBV DNA. With a maximum light absorption at 420 nm, the cytotoxicity of curcumin as photosensitizer could be expanded by the intravenous blue laser blood irradiation (IVBLBI) or photobiomodulation in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive, noncirrhotic, but nonresponsive to classical therapy. Photobiomodulation increases DNA repair by the biosynthesis of complex molecules with antioxidant properties, the outset of repairing enzyme systems and new phospholipids for regenerating the cell membranes. UltraBioavailable Curcumin and blue laser photobiomodulation could suppress the virus and control better the disease by reducing inflammation/fibrosis and stopping the progression of chronic hepatitis, reversing fibrosis, and diminishing the progression of cirrhosis, and decreasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin opens new avenues for the effective prevention and cure of chronic liver infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blue laser light and UltraBioavailable Curcumin could be a new valuable alternative for medical applications in chronic B viral hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma, saving millions of lives.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- DNA Repair/radiation effects
- DNA, Circular/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Circular/metabolism
- DNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/drug effects
- Hepatitis B virus/growth & development
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B virus/radiation effects
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/radiotherapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/radiation effects
- Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/radiotherapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Low-Level Light Therapy/methods
- Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Ultramedical & Laser Clinic, 83 Arcu Street, 700135 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
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Wei ZQ, Zhang YH, Ke CZ, Chen HX, Ren P, He YL, Hu P, Ma DQ, Luo J, Meng ZJ. Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus infection by down-regulating cccDNA-bound histone acetylation. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6252-6260. [PMID: 28974891 PMCID: PMC5603491 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i34.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential effect of curcumin on hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS A HepG2.2.15 cell line stably transfected with HBV was treated with curcumin, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg) expression levels were assessed by ELISA. Intracellular HBV DNA replication intermediates and cccDNA were detected by Southern blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 were measured by Western blot. H3/H4-bound cccDNA was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium butyrate were used to study the mechanism of action for curcumin. Additionally, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HBV were tested along with curcumin.
RESULTS Curcumin treatment led to time- and dose-dependent reductions in HBsAg and HBeAg expression and significant reductions in intracellular HBV DNA replication intermediates and HBV cccDNA. After treatment with 20 μmol/L curcumin for 2 d, HBsAg and cccDNA levels in HepG2.2.15 cells were reduced by up to 57.7% (P < 0.01) and 75.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with levels in non-treated cells. Meanwhile, time- and dose-dependent reductions in the histone H3 acetylation levels were also detected upon treatment with curcumin, accompanied by reductions in H3- and H4-bound cccDNA. Furthermore, the deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium butyrate could block the effects of curcumin. Additionally, transfection of siRNAs targeting HBV enhanced the inhibitory effects of curcumin.
CONCLUSION Curcumin inhibits HBV gene replication via down-regulation of cccDNA-bound histone acetylation and has the potential to be developed as a cccDNA-targeting antiviral agent for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Ke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pan Ren
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - De-Qiang Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Ji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
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Meng ZJ, Yang YD. Potential strategies for "cure" of hepatitis B. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4438-4449. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i33.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health problem and the main cause of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. The steady state of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in HBV infected hepatocytes and virus specific immune tolerance contribute to the chronic persistent infection and hard-to-cure of hepatitis B. The presently available therapeutics for hepatitis B can control viral replication, but rarely eliminate HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV cccDNA. The "cure" of hepatitis B, which is characterized by the HBsAg loss or HBsAg seroconversion, and cccDNA clearance, has been the goal of researchers for years. In recent years, with the robust progress in understanding the HBV pathogenesis and the rapid development of gene editing technology, the "cure" of hepatitis B becomes prospective. This paper aims to summarize the potential strategies for the "cure" of hepatitis B.
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Minosse C, Coen S, Visco Comandini U, Lionetti R, Montalbano M, Cerilli S, Vincenti D, Baiocchini A, Capobianchi MR, Menzo S. Simple and Reliable Method to Quantify the Hepatitis B Viral Load and Replicative Capacity in Liver Tissue and Blood Leukocytes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e28751. [PMID: 27882060 PMCID: PMC5111393 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.28751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is feasible, but a clear view of the intrahepatic viral dynamics in each patient is needed. Intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the stable form of the viral genome in infected cells, and represents the ideal marker of parenchymal colonization. Its relationships with easily accessible peripheral parameters need to be elucidated in order to avoid invasive procedures in patients. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to design, set up, and validate a reliable and straightforward method for the quantification of the cccDNA and total DNA of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a variety of clinical samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical samples from a cohort of CHB patients, including liver biopsies in some, were collected for the analysis of intracellular HBV molecular markers using novel molecular assays. RESULTS A plasmid construct, including sequences from the HBV genome and from the human gene hTERT, was generated as an isomolar multi-standard for HBV quantitation and normalization to the cellular contents. The specificity of the real-time assay for the cccDNA was assessed using Dane particles isolated on a density gradient. A comparison of liver tissue from 6 untreated and 6 treated patients showed that the treatment deeply reduced the replicative capacity (total DNA/cccDNA), but had limited impact on the parenchymal colonization. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes from the treated and untreated patients were also analyzed. CONCLUSIONS A straightforward method for the quantification of intracellular HBV molecular parameters in clinical samples was developed and validated. The widespread use of such versatile assays could better define the prognosis of CHB, and allow a more rational approach to time-limited tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Minosse
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Coen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Lionetti
- Liver Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Montalbano
- Liver Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cerilli
- Liver Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Vincenti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Baiocchini
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R. Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menzo
- Laboratory of Virology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Corresponding Author: Stefano Menzo, Laboratory of Virology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. Tel: +39-715964044, E-mail:
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