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Shi W, Jin M, Chen H, Wu Z, Yuan L, Liang S, Wang X, Memon FU, Eldemery F, Si H, Ou C. Inflammasome activation by viral infection: mechanisms of activation and regulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247377. [PMID: 37608944 PMCID: PMC10440708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases are the most common problems threatening human health, livestock, and poultry industries worldwide. Viral infection is a complex and competitive dynamic biological process between a virus and a host/target cell. During viral infection, inflammasomes play important roles in the host and confer defense mechanisms against the virus. Inflammasomes are polymeric protein complexes and are considered important components of the innate immune system. These immune factors recognize the signals of cell damage or pathogenic microbial infection after activation by the canonical pathway or non-canonical pathway and transmit signals to the immune system to initiate the inflammatory responses. However, some viruses inhibit the activation of the inflammasomes in order to replicate and proliferate in the host. In recent years, the role of inflammasome activation and/or inhibition during viral infection has been increasingly recognized. Therefore, in this review, we describe the biological properties of the inflammasome associated with viral infection, discuss the potential mechanisms that activate and/or inhibit NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM2 inflammasomes by different viruses, and summarize the reciprocal regulatory effects of viral infection on the NLRP3 inflammasome in order to explore the relationship between viral infection and inflammasomes. This review will pave the way for future studies on the activation mechanisms of inflammasomes and provide novel insights for the development of antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengyun Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Liuyang Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Si Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fareed Uddin Memon
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
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Sakata H, Suzutani T, Kanzaki S, Ogawa K, Kaga K. Efficacy of transtympanic infusion of dexamethasone into the tympanic cavity in mice with acute sensorineural hearing loss associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:647-652. [PMID: 36107491 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2077985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no report on acute sensorineural hearing loss with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in basic experiments. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory steroid, on acute sensorineural hearing loss in the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection model mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sensorineural hearing loss model mice were divided into two groups, one with and one without intratympanic dexamethasone. Dexamethasone was injected into the tympanic cavity of only the right ear, and hearing ability was assessed at the ages of three, six, and eight weeks by auditory brainstem response measurement. RESULTS Among the 23 mice intratympanically injected with dexamethasone (15 μg/mouse) at the age of three weeks, five (21.7%) had a hearing improvement of at least 10 dB and 18 (78.3%) had no improvement at the age of six weeks. Among the 19 mice that did not receive a dexamethasone injection, one (5.3%) showed improvement and 18 (94.7%) showed no improvement (p = 0.129). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE In this study, transtympanic infusion of dexamethasone into the tympanic cavity was effective in some mice with sensorineural hearing loss, suggesting that, in addition to angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory activity might be a mechanism of treatment for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sakata
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Kawagoe Ear Institute, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Maruyama J, Reyna RA, Kishimoto-Urata M, Urata S, Manning JT, Harsell N, Cook R, Huang C, Nikolich-Zugich J, Makishima T, Paessler S. CD4 T-cell depletion prevents Lassa fever associated hearing loss in the mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010557. [PMID: 35605008 PMCID: PMC9166448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), which presents as a lethal hemorrhagic disease in severe cases. LASV-induced hearing loss in survivors is a huge socioeconomic burden, however, the mechanism(s) leading to hearing loss is unknown. In this study, we evaluate in a mouse LF model the auditory function using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) to determine the mechanisms underlying LASV-induced hearing loss. In the process, we pioneered measures of ABR and DPOAE tests in rodents in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) facilities. Our T cell depletion studies demonstrated that CD4 T-cells play an important role in LASV-induced hearing loss, while CD8 T-cells are critical for the pathogenicity in the acute phase of LASV infection. Results presented in this study may help to develop future countermeasures against acute disease and LASV-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Reyna
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megumi Kishimoto-Urata
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shinji Urata
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John T. Manning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nantian Harsell
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Cook
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tomoko Makishima
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Advances in Murine Models of Neuropathogenesis. Virol Sin 2022; 37:318-320. [PMID: 35504536 PMCID: PMC9170950 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes severe neuropathogenesis. Murine CMV failed to break through the placental barrier to transmit to fetus. Zhou et al. established a novel mouse system to model congenital HCMV infection. The mouse CMV system by Zhou et al can be used for drug screening.
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Zhang L, Chen S, Sun Y. Mechanism and Prevention of Spiral Ganglion Neuron Degeneration in the Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814891. [PMID: 35069120 PMCID: PMC8766678 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits in humans, and approximately 360 million people worldwide are affected. The current treatment option for severe to profound hearing loss is cochlear implantation (CI), but its treatment efficacy is related to the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). SGNs are the primary sensory neurons, transmitting complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus. In mammals, SGNs have very limited regeneration ability, and SGN loss causes irreversible hearing loss. In most cases of SNHL, SGN damage is the dominant pathogenesis, and it could be caused by noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, hereditary defects, presbycusis, etc. Tremendous efforts have been made to identify novel treatments to prevent or reverse the damage to SGNs, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy. This review summarizes the major causes and the corresponding mechanisms of SGN loss and the current protection strategies, especially gene therapy and stem cell therapy, to promote the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Sun,
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Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births. Currently there is no cure for hearing loss. Treatment options are limited to hearing aids for mild and moderate cases, and cochlear implants for severe and profound hearing loss. Here we provide a literature overview of the environmental and genetic causes of congenital hearing loss, common animal models and methods used for hearing research, as well as recent advances towards developing therapies to treat congenital deafness. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martin L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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Fernández-Alarcón C, Meyer LE, McVoy MA, Lokensgard JR, Hu S, Benneyworth MA, Anderholm KM, Janus BC, Schleiss MR. Impairment in neurocognitive function following experimental neonatal guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:838-845. [PMID: 32555536 PMCID: PMC8168912 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading infectious cause of neurologic deficits, both in the settings of congenital and perinatal infection, but few animal models exist to study neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study examined the impact of neonatal guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) infection on spatial learning and memory in a Morris water maze (MWM) model. METHODS Newborn pups were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a pathogenic red fluorescent protein-tagged GPCMV, or sham inoculated. On days 15-19 post infection (p.i.), pups were tested in the MWM. Viral loads were measured in blood and tissue by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and brain samples collected at necropsy were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Viremia (DNAemia) was detected at day 3 p.i. in 7/8 challenged animals. End-organ dissemination was observed, by qPCR, in the lung, liver, and spleen. CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8-positive (CD8+) T cell infiltrates were present in brains of challenged animals, particularly in periventricular and hippocampal regions. Reactive gliosis and microglial nodules were observed. Statistically significant spatial learning and memory deficits were observed by MWM, particularly for total maze distance traveled (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Neonatal GPCMV infection in guinea pigs results in cognitive defects demonstrable by the MWM. This neonatal guinea pig challenge model can be exploited for studying antiviral interventions. IMPACT CMV impairs neonatal neurocognition and memory in the setting of postnatal infection. The MWM can be used to examine memory and learning in a guinea pig model of neonatal CMV infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrate the brain following neonatal CMV challenge. This article demonstrates that the MWM can be used to evaluate memory and learning after neonatal GPCMV challenge. The guinea pig can be used to examine central nervous system pathology caused by neonatal CMV infection and this attribute may facilitate the study of vaccines and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy E Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James R Lokensgard
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn M Anderholm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bradley C Janus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark R Schleiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Fisher MA, Lloyd ML. A Review of Murine Cytomegalovirus as a Model for Human Cytomegalovirus Disease-Do Mice Lie? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010214. [PMID: 33379272 PMCID: PMC7795257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was first described in 1954, it has been used to model human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) diseases. MCMV is a natural pathogen of mice that is present in wild mice populations and has been associated with diseases such as myocarditis. The species-specific nature of HCMV restricts most research to cell culture-based studies or to the investigation of non-invasive clinical samples, which may not be ideal for the study of disseminated disease. Initial MCMV research used a salivary gland-propagated virus administered via different routes of inoculation into a variety of mouse strains. This revealed that the genetic background of the laboratory mice affected the severity of disease and altered the extent of subsequent pathology. The advent of genetically modified mice and viruses has allowed new aspects of disease to be modeled and the opportunistic nature of HCMV infection to be confirmed. This review describes the different ways that MCMV has been used to model HCMV diseases and explores the continuing difficulty faced by researchers attempting to model HCMV congenital cytomegalovirus disease using the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Fisher
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Megan L. Lloyd
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Zhuang W, Wang C, Shi X, Qiu S, Zhang S, Xu B, Chen M, Jiang W, Dong H, Qiao Y. MCMV triggers ROS/NLRP3-associated inflammasome activation in the inner ear of mice and cultured spiral ganglion neurons, contributing to sensorineural hearing loss. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3448-3456. [PMID: 29512778 PMCID: PMC5881649 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infectious cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children. While the importance of CMV-induced SNHL has been described, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and the role of inflammatory responses remain elusive. The present study established an experimental model of hearing loss after systemic infection with murine CMV (MCMV) in newborn mice. Auditory brainstem responses were tested to evaluate hearing at 3 weeks, expression of inflammasome-associated factors was assessed by immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. MCMV sequentially induced inflammasome-associated factors. Furthermore, the inflammasome-associated factors were also increased in cultured spiral ganglion neurons infected with MCMV for 24 h. In addition, MCMV increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that hearing loss caused by MCMV infection may be associated with ROS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhuang
- Clinical Hearing Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Caiji Wang
- Institute of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Shi
- Institute of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Qiu
- Clinical Hearing Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Shili Zhang
- Institute of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Clinical Hearing Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Hearing Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- Clinical Hearing Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
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Almishaal AA, Mathur PD, Hillas E, Chen L, Zhang A, Yang J, Wang Y, Yokoyama WM, Firpo MA, Park AH. Natural killer cells attenuate cytomegalovirus-induced hearing loss in mice. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006599. [PMID: 28859161 PMCID: PMC5597263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common non-hereditary cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) yet the mechanisms of hearing loss remain obscure. Natural Killer (NK) cells play a critical role in regulating murine CMV infection via NK cell recognition of the Ly49H cell surface receptor of the viral-encoded m157 ligand expressed at the infected cell surface. This Ly49H NK receptor/m157 ligand interaction has been found to mediate host resistance to CMV in the spleen, and lung, but is much less effective in the liver, so it is not known if this interaction is important in the context of SNHL. Using a murine model for CMV-induced labyrinthitis, we have demonstrated that the Ly49H/m157 interaction mediates host resistance in the temporal bone. BALB/c mice, which lack functional Ly49H, inoculated with mCMV at post-natal day 3 developed profound hearing loss and significant outer hair cell loss by 28 days of life. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice, competent for the Ly49H/m157 interaction, had minimal hearing loss and attenuated outer hair cell loss with the same mCMV dose. Administration of Ly49H blocking antibody or inoculation with a mCMV viral strain deleted for the m157 gene rendered the previously resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain susceptible to hearing loss to a similar extent as the BALB/c mouse strain indicating a direct role of the Ly49H/m157 interaction in mCMV-dependent hearing loss. Additionally, NK cell recruitment to sites of infection was evident in the temporal bone of inoculated susceptible mouse strains. These results demonstrate participation of NK cells in protection from CMV-induced labyrinthitis and SNHL in mice. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission from an infected mother to her fetus is a leading cause of permanent hearing loss in children, but the contributing processes are not clear. In this report, we utilized a mouse model, which recapitulates many features of congenital CMV mediated childhood hearing loss, to demonstrate that natural killer cells (NK), a component of early host immune response to infection, play a critical protective role in CMV-induced hearing loss. Specifically, we determined that NK cells interact with CMV infected cells through binding of the NK cell receptor, Ly49H, with a virally-encoded protein, m157, expressed on the cell surface of CMV infected inner ear cells, to mediate the protective effect. Findings from this study provide insight into the host immune response during CMV-induced hearing loss in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Almishaal
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Pranav D. Mathur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elaine Hillas
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Liting Chen
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anne Zhang
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Firpo
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert H. Park
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Shi X, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Li H, Qiu S, Li Y, Guo W, Qiao Y. Inflammasome activation in mouse inner ear in response to MCMV induced hearing loss. J Otol 2016; 10:143-149. [PMID: 29937798 PMCID: PMC6002578 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify presence of inflammasome activated in mouse cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Method MCMV was injected into the right cerebral hemisphere in neonatal BALB/c mice at 2000 pfu virus titers. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were tested to evaluate hearing at 21 days. Histopathological studies were conducted to confirm localizations of MCMV infected cells in the inner ear. Expression of inflammasome related factors was assessed by immunofluorescence, Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results In the mouse model of CMV induced SNHL, inflammasome related kinase Caspase-1 and downstream inflammatory factor IL-1β and IL-18 were found increased and activated after CMV infection in the cochlea. These factors could further up-regulate expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. These inflammatory factors are neurotoxicity and may contribute to hearing impairment. Furthermore, we also detected significantly increased AIM2 protein that accumulated in the SGN of cochleae with CMV infection. Significance We have shown that inflammasome as a novel inherent immunity mechanism may contribute to hearing impairment. Conclusion Our data indicate that imflammasome assemble in mouse inner ear in response to CMV infection. We have revealed a novel pathology event in CMV induced SNHL involving activation of inflammasome in mouse cochlea. Additionally, we have shown that inflammasome may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of CMV related SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shi
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanfen Dong
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ya Li
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - ZenLu Zhao
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Huan Li
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shiwei Qiu
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yaohan Li
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuehua Qiao
- The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical Collage, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Ogawa H, Matsui T, Baba Y, Yamada N, Suzuki Y, Suzutani T. Presence of cytomegalovirus in the perilymphatic fluid of patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:132-5. [PMID: 26484748 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1099733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Not all patients diagnosed with congenital infection using umbilical cord assay were found to be positive for CMV-DNA by perilymphatic fluid assay. In addition, a CMV-DNA-positive result was observed in one patient who had not been diagnosed with congenital infection. Sampling of perilymphatic fluid from a large population of patients with congenital SNHL caused by congenital CMV infection or of unknown etiology is required to determine the prevalence of CMV-related profound HL. OBJECTIVES Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most frequent manifestations in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Using dried umbilical cord, a PCR-based assay was recently developed for the retrospective detection of congenital CMV infection. This study analyzed the presence of CMV in the perilymphatic fluid and evaluated differences in the effect of cochlear implantation between CMV-positive and -negative groups. METHOD Perilymphatic fluid was collected from each patient at the time of cochlear implantation and analyzed for the presence of CMV using a PCR method. RESULTS The perilymphatic fluid in two of the five patients suffering from congenital CMV infection and in one of the 17 patients without congenital CMV infection was found to be positive for CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawa
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center , Aizuwakamatsu , Japan
| | - Takamichi Matsui
- b Department of Otolaryngology , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yoko Baba
- b Department of Otolaryngology , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Naoko Yamada
- c Fukushima Rehabilitation Center for Children , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yukie Suzuki
- c Fukushima Rehabilitation Center for Children , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- d Department of Microbiology , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
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