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Novel insights into the consequences of obesity: a phenotype-wide Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:540-546. [PMID: 34974530 PMCID: PMC9091238 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is thought to significantly impact the quality of life. In this study, we sought to evaluate the health consequences of obesity on the risk of a broad spectrum of human diseases. The causal effects of exposing to obesity on health outcomes were inferred using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using a fixed effects inverse-variance weighted model. The instrumental variables were SNPs associated with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) reported by GIANT consortium. The spectrum of outcome consisted of the phenotypes from published GWAS and the UK Biobank. The MR-Egger intercept test was applied to estimate horizontal pleiotropic effects, along with Cochran's Q test to assess heterogeneity among the causal effects of instrumental variables. Our MR results confirmed many putative disease risks due to obesity, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, sleep disorder, gout, smoking behaviors, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes-related eye disease. The novel findings indicated that elevated red blood cell count was inferred as a mediator of BMI-induced type 2 diabetes in our bidirectional MR analysis. Intriguingly, the effects that higher BMI could decrease the risk of both skin and prostate cancers, reduce calorie intake, and increase the portion size warrant further studies. Our results shed light on a novel mechanism of the disease-causing roles of obesity.
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Zhao K, Liu J, Dong G, Xia H, Wang P, Xiao X, Chen Z. Preliminary research on the effects and mechanisms of umbilical cord‑derived mesenchymal stem cells in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:849-858. [PMID: 32626946 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes, and a common cause of blindness in working‑age individuals. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been considered a promising intervention therapy for DR, wherein the differentiation of MSCs into nerve cells plays an essential role. However, research into the role of MSCs in DR treatment remains incomplete, and the mechanisms of retinal repair at the molecular level have yet to be clarified. In the present study, all‑trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used to promote the proliferation of rat umbilical cord (UC)‑derived MSCs and their differentiation into nerve cells. Furthermore, the effects and mechanisms of UC‑MSCs with or without ATRA treatment were investigated in rats subjected to streptozocin (STZ)‑induced DR. The results demonstrated that the transplantation of UC‑MSCs treated with or without ATRA attenuated DR in rats, and alleviated retinal tissue damage and apoptosis. In addition, the transplantation of UC‑MSCs treated with or without ATRA attenuated angiogenesis and inflammation in the retina by regulating the levels of relevant cytokines. UC‑MSCs treated with ATRA exerted a more prominent therapeutic effect than the untreated UC‑MSCs. On the whole, these findings indicate that UC‑MSCs alleviate STZ‑induced DR in rats by regulating angiogenesis and the inflammatory response at the molecular level. Thus, the findings of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for the application of MSCs in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Daye, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic College, Daye, Hubei 435100, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Daye, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic College, Daye, Hubei 435100, P.R. China
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Daye, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic College, Daye, Hubei 435100, P.R. China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Daye, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic College, Daye, Hubei 435100, P.R. China
| | - Pingan Wang
- Wuhan Myhalic Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430206, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1259-1272. [PMID: 32008148 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. The pleiotropic effects of statins have brought about some beneficial effects on improving the therapeutic outcomes of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as molecular pathways which are responsible for such phenomena, are discussed. A better understanding of pathways and mechanisms of statin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells will pave the way for the expansion of statin applications. Furthermore, since designing a suitable carrier for statins is required to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Statin-Induced Nitric Oxide Signaling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122051. [PMID: 31766595 PMCID: PMC6947613 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their cholesterol-lowering effects, statins are associated with pleiotropic effects including improvements in heart failure (HF), reduced blood pressure, prevention of the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and improved angiogenesis. In addition to these cardiovascular benefits, statins have been implicated in the treatment of neurological injuries, cancer, sepsis, and cirrhosis. These cholesterol-independent beneficial effects of statins are predominantly mediated through signaling pathways leading to increased production and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). In this review, the mechanistic pathways and therapeutic effects of statin-mediated elevations of NO are described and discussed.
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Yang Z, Hu H, Zou Y, Luo W, Xie L, You Z. miR-7 Reduces High Glucose Induced-damage Via HoxB3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:372-378. [PMID: 31702491 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191023151137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes. This study investigated the effect of miR-7 in the regulation of cell proliferation via the HoxB3 gene and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in DR. METHODS Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) cultured in normal medium (Control) and high glucose medium (25mM glucose, HG) was transfected with mimics NC (HG+ mimics NC), miR-7 mimics (HG+miR-7 mimics), inhibitor NC (HG+ inhibitor NC), and miR-inhibitor (HG+miR-7 inhibitor). The cells were assayed for viability, apoptosis, and expression of genes. RESULTS HG reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. However, miR-7 mimics reduced the apoptosis. PCR results showed that miR-7 was significantly upregulated after transfection with miR-7 mimics. The expression of Hoxb3, mTOR, p-PI3K, and p- AKT was significantly downregulated at mRNA and protein levels after miR-7 mimics transfection, while no difference was observed for PI3K and AKT expression. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that miR-7 regulates the growth of retinal epithelial cells through various pathways and is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanying Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenbluo Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Chen X, Hu JG, Huang YZ, Li S, Li SF, Wang M, Xia HW, Li-Ling J, Xie HQ. Copper promotes the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via Rnd3-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:221-231. [PMID: 31187497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The motility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is highly related to their homing in vivo, a critical issue in regenerative medicine. Our previous study indicated copper (Cu) might promote the recruitment of endogenous MSCs in canine esophagus defect model. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cu on the motility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Cu supplementation could enhance the motility of BMSCs, and upregulate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) at the protein level, and upregulate the expression of rho family GTPase 3 (Rnd3) at messenger RNA and protein level. When Hif1α was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA), Cu-induced Rnd3 upregulation was blocked. When Rnd3 was silenced by siRNA, the motility of BMSCs was decreased with or without Cu supplementation, and Cu-induced cytoskeleton remodeling was neutralized. Furthermore, overexpression of Rnd3 also increased the motility of BMSCs and induced cytoskeleton remodeling. Overall, our results demonstrated that Cu enhanced BMSCs migration through, at least in part, cytoskeleton remodeling via Hif1α-dependent upregulation of Rnd3. This study provided an insight into the mechanism of the effect of Cu on the motility of BMSCs, and a theoretical foundation of applying Cu to improve the recruitment of BMSCs in tissue engineering and cytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Gen Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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Nagaishi K, Mizue Y, Chikenji T, Otani M, Nakano M, Saijo Y, Tsuchida H, Ishioka S, Nishikawa A, Saito T, Fujimiya M. Umbilical cord extracts improve diabetic abnormalities in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and increase their therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8484. [PMID: 28814814 PMCID: PMC5559488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) has been applied as the most valuable source of autologous cell transplantation for various diseases including diabetic complications. However, hyperglycemia may cause abnormalities in intrinsic BM-MSC which might lose sufficient therapeutic effects in diabetic patients. We demonstrated the functional abnormalities in BM-MSC derived from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models in vitro, which resulted in loss of therapeutic effects in vivo in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Then, we developed a novel method to improve abnormalities in BM-MSC using human umbilical cord extracts, namely Wharton’s jelly extract supernatant (WJs). WJs is a cocktail of growth factors, extracellular matrixes and exosomes, which ameliorates proliferative capacity, motility, mitochondrial degeneration, endoplasmic reticular functions and exosome secretions in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes-derived BM-MSC (DM-MSC). Exosomes contained in WJs were a key factor for this activation, which exerted similar effects to complete WJs. DM-MSC activated by WJs ameliorated renal injury in both type 1 and type 2 DN. In this study, we developed a novel activating method using WJs to significantly increase the therapeutic effect of BM-MSC, which may allow effective autologous cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Nagaishi
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuka Mizue
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Otani
- Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masako Nakano
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Saijo
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tsuchida
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishikawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, NTT Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ji ATQ, Chang YC, Fu YJ, Lee OK, Ho JH. Niche-dependent regulations of metabolic balance in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice by mesenchymal stromal cells. Diabetes 2015; 64:926-36. [PMID: 25277392 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential to maintain glucose homeostasis and metabolic balance. Here, we demonstrate that in mice continuously fed with high-fat diet (HFD) that developed non-insulin-dependent diabetes, two episodes of systemic MSC transplantations effectively improve glucose tolerance and blood glucose homeostasis and reduce body weight through targeting pancreas and insulin-sensitive tissues and organs via site-specific mechanisms. MSCs support pancreatic islet growth by direct differentiation into insulin-producing cells and by mitigating the cytotoxicity of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pancreas. Localization of MSCs in the liver and skeletal muscles in diabetic animals is also enhanced and therefore improves glucose tolerance, although long-term engraftment is not observed. MSCs prevent HFD-induced fatty liver development and restore glycogen storage in hepatocytes. Increased expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist and Glut4 in skeletal muscles after MSC transplantation results in better blood glucose homeostasis. Intriguingly, systemic MSC transplantation does not alter adipocyte number, but it decreases HFD-induced cell infiltration in adipose tissues and reduces serum levels of adipokines, including leptin and TNF-α. Taken together, systemic MSC transplantation ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and restores metabolic balance through multisystemic regulations that are niche dependent. Such findings have supported systemic transplantation of MSCs to correct metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tung-Qian Ji
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chuang Chang
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Fu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer H Ho
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Cai J, Yu X, Zhang B, Zhang H, Fang Y, Liu S, Liu T, Ding X. Atorvastatin improves survival of implanted stem cells in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Nephrol 2014; 39:466-75. [PMID: 24854145 DOI: 10.1159/000362623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impacts of combinatorial atorvastatin (Ator) perioperative administration and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation on therapeutic effects in the rat experimental acute kidney injury. METHODS The model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by the release of bilateral renal pedicle clamps following 45 min of occlusion. Immediately after reperfusion, CM-Dil-labeled MSCs (1 × 10(6) cells) or vehicles only were administered through the carotid artery of the animals pretreated with or without Ator. RESULTS The combined treatment with Ator and MSCs (Ator+MSCs) markedly reduced the elevated levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, as well as the severity of renal damage 24 h after I/R injury. In addition, we also observed inhibition of renal tubular cell apoptosis and promotion of proliferation in the Ator+MSCs group compared with the other groups. Consistent with the improvement in renal function and morphology, Ator pretreatment significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, inhibited inflammation response, and increased the viability of implanted MSCs. With regard to the further mechanism, we found that the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and high-mobility group box 1, potential mediators of innate immunity, was significantly decreased in the Ator-treated groups. CONCLUSION Ator treatment may protect the kidney undergoing I/R injury through suppression of TLR4 signaling, creating a better environment for the survival of grafted MSCs. The extra benefit of the Ator+MSCs combined therapy may result from the Ator-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in the ischemic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Davey GC, Patil SB, O'Loughlin A, O'Brien T. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for microvascular and secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:86. [PMID: 24936198 PMCID: PMC4047679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) has highlighted the need for increased research efforts into treatment options for both the disease itself and its associated complications. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a new emerging regenerative therapy due to their multipotency but also due to their paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors, cytokines, and immunomodulatory substances. This review focuses on the potential use of MSCs as a regenerative medicine in microvascular and secondary complications of DM and will discuss the challenges and future prospects of MSCs as a regenerative therapy in this field. MSCs are believed to have an important role in tissue repair. Evidence in recent years has demonstrated that MSCs have potent immunomodulatory functions resulting in active suppression of various components of the host immune response. MSCs may also have glucose lowering properties providing another attractive and unique feature of this therapeutic approach. Through a combination of the above characteristics, MSCs have been shown to exert beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of diabetic complications prompting initial clinical studies in diabetic wound healing and nephropathy. Challenges that remain in the clinical translation of MSC therapy include issues of MSC heterogeneity, optimal mode of cell delivery, homing of these cells to tissues of interest with high efficiency, clinically meaningful engraftment, and challenges with cell manufacture. An issue of added importance is whether an autologous or allogeneic approach will be used. In summary, MSC administration has significant potential in the treatment of diabetic microvascular and secondary complications but challenges remain in terms of engraftment, persistence, tissue targeting, and cell manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Davey
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Swapnil B Patil
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Aonghus O'Loughlin
- Department of Medicine, Galway University Hospital (GUH) , Galway , Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland ; Department of Medicine, Galway University Hospital (GUH) , Galway , Ireland
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12
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Laroni A, Novi G, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A. Towards clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of neurological diseases of the central nervous system. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 8:1062-76. [PMID: 23579931 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a neurological disease of the central nervous system (CNS) is often associated with the anticipation of an irreversible and untreatable disability. This is the case also of multiple sclerosis (MS) where approved treatments effectively modulate the autoimmune attack to myelin antigens, but poorly affect neurodegeneration and do not promote tissue repair. Thus, stem cell-based therapies are increasingly being considered a possible strategy for diseases of the CNS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the safety of which has been demonstrated in the last 20 years through clinical trials and case studies, are of particular interest in view not only of their neuroprotective, but also of their immunomodulatory properties. Here, we review the therapeutic features of MSC that make them relevant in the treatment of CNS illnesses and discuss the pioneer clinical experience with MSC-based therapy in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laroni
- Department of Neurosciences Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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