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Lyu Z, Xin M, Oyston DR, Xue T, Kang H, Wang X, Wang Z, Li Q. Cause and consequence of heterogeneity in human mesenchymal stem cells: Challenges in clinical application. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155354. [PMID: 38870711 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are mesoderm-derived adult stem cells with self-proliferation capacity, pluripotent differentiation potency, and excellent histocompatibility. These advantages make hMSCs a promising tool in clinical application. However, the majority of clinical trials using hMSC therapy for diverse human diseases do not achieve expectations, despite the prospective pre-clinical outcomes in animal models. This is partly attributable to the intrinsic heterogeneity of hMSCs. In this review, the cause of heterogeneity in hMSCs is systematically discussed at multiple levels, including isolation methods, cultural conditions, donor-to-donor variation, tissue sources, intra-tissue subpopulations, etc. Additionally, the effect of hMSCs heterogeneity on the contrary role in tumor progression and immunomodulation is also discussed. The attempts to understand the cellular heterogeneity of hMSCs and its consequences are important in supporting and improving therapeutic strategies for hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lyu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Xin
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Women's & Children's Hospital of Northwest, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Dale Reece Oyston
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tingyu Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mercer-Smith AR, Findlay IA, Bomba HN, Hingtgen SD. Intravenously Infused Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2025-2041. [PMID: 34138421 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent influx of immunotherapies and small molecule drugs to treat tumors, cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States, in large part due to the difficulties of treating metastatic cancer. Stem cells, which are inherently tumoritropic, provide a useful drug delivery vehicle to target both primary and metastatic tumors. Intravenous infusions of stem cells carrying or secreting therapeutic payloads show significant promise in the treatment of cancer. Stem cells may be engineered to secrete cytotoxic products, loaded with oncolytic viruses or nanoparticles containing small molecule drugs, or conjugated with immunotherapies. Herein we describe these preclinical and clinical studies, discuss the distribution and migration of stem cells following intravenous infusion, and examine both the limitations of and the methods to improve the migration and therapeutic efficacy of tumoritropic, therapeutic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Ingrid A Findlay
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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Jo EB, Lee YS, Lee H, Park JB, Park H, Choi YL, Hong D, Kim SJ. Combination therapy with c-met inhibitor and TRAIL enhances apoptosis in dedifferentiated liposarcoma patient-derived cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:496. [PMID: 31126284 PMCID: PMC6534902 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liposarcoma (LPS) is a tumor derived from adipose tissue, and has the highest incidence among soft tissue sarcomas. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Recurrence and metastasis rates in LPS remain high even after chemotherapy and radiotherapy following complete resection. Therefore, the development of advanced treatment strategies for LPS is required. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment, and of combination treatment using TRAIL and a c-Met inhibitor on cell viability and apoptosis in LPS and DDLPS cell lines of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment, and of combination treatment using TRAIL and a c-Met inhibitor. Methods We analyzed cell viability after treatment with TRAIL and a c-Met inhibitor by measuring CCK8 and death receptor 5 (DR5) expression levels via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) in both sarcoma cell lines and DDLPS patient-derived cells (PDCs). Moreover, we validated the effects of TRAIL alone and in combination with c-Met inhibitor on apoptosis in LPS cell lines and DDLPS PDCs via FACS. Results Our results revealed that combination treatment with a c-Met inhibitor and human recombinant TRAIL (rhTRAIL) suppressed cell viability and induced cell death in both sarcoma cell lines and DDLPS PDCs, which showed varying sensitivities to rhTRAIL alone. Also, we confirmed that treatment with a c-Met inhibitor upregulated DR5 levels in sarcoma cell lines and DDLPS PDCs. In both TRAIL-susceptible and TRAIL-resistant cells subjected to combination treatment, promotion of apoptosis was dependent on DR5 upregulation. Conclusion From these results, our findings validated that DR5 up-regulation caused by combination therapy with a c-Met inhibitor and rhTRAIL enhanced TRAIL sensitization and promoted apoptosis. We propose the use of this approach to overcome TRAIL resistance and serve as a novel treatment strategy for clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5713-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Byeol Jo
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SKKU, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Lee
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SKKU, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Personalized Medicine, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doopyo Hong
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, SKKU, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Jo EB, Hong D, Lee YS, Lee H, Park JB, Kim SJ. Establishment of a Novel PDX Mouse Model and Evaluation of the Tumor Suppression Efficacy of Bortezomib Against Liposarcoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:269-281. [PMID: 30447641 PMCID: PMC6260470 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model has been adopted as a major tool for studying tumorigenesis and differentiation in various carcinomas. In addition, it has been used in the development of anticancer agents. PDX models have been among the most meaningful tools used to understand the role of stromal cells and vascular cells in the body, which are major factors in cancer development and the application of therapeutic agents. Also, the establishment of PDX models from liposarcoma patients is considered to be important for understanding lipomagenesis and following drugs development. For these reasons, we developed patient-derived cell (PDC) and PDX models derived from 20 liposarcoma patients. The tissues of these patients were obtained in accordance with the principles of the Samsung Medical Center's ethics policy, and cell culture and xenografting onto the mice were performed under these principles. High-throughput drug screening (HTS) was carried out using established PDCs to select candidate drugs. Among the different candidate anticancer drugs, we tested the effect of bortezomib, which was expected to inhibit MDM2 amplification. First, we confirmed that the PDCs maintained the characteristics of liposarcoma cells by assessing MDM2 amplification and CDK4 overexpression using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Analysis of short tandem repeats and an array using comparative genomic hybridization confirmed that the PDX model exhibited the same genomic profile as that of the patient. Immunohistochemistry for MDM2 and CDK4 showed that the overexpression patterns of both proteins were similar in the PDX models and the PDCs. Specifically, MDM2 amplification was observed to be significantly correlated with the successful establishment of PDX mouse models. However, CDK4 expression did not show such a correlation. Of the anticancer drugs selected through HTS, bortezomib showed a strong anticancer effect against PDC. In addition, we observed that bortezomib suppressed MDM2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, p21 tended to elicit an increase in PDC expression. Treatment of the PDX model with bortezomib resulted in an anticancer effect similar to that seen in the PDCs. These results support that PDCs and PDX models are among the most powerful tools for the development and clinical application of anticancer drugs for the treatment of liposarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Byeol Jo
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul; Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doopyo Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul
| | - Young Sang Lee
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul; Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul; Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul; Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Fakiruddin KS, Ghazalli N, Lim MN, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL as Targeted Therapy against Sensitised Tumour. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082188. [PMID: 30060445 PMCID: PMC6121609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapping into the ability of engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mobilise into the tumour has expanded the scope of cancer treatment. Engineered MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) could serve as a platform for an efficient and targeted form of therapy. However, the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to TRAIL and apoptosis may represent a challenge for effective treatment. Nonetheless, with the discovery of small molecular inhibitors that could target CSCs and tumour signalling pathways, a higher efficacy of MSC-TRAIL mediated tumour inhibition can be achieved. This might pave the way for a more effective form of combined therapy, which leads to a better treatment outcome. In this review, we first discuss the tumour-homing capacity of MSCs, its effect in tumour tropism, the different approach behind genetically-engineered MSCs, and the efficacy and safety of each agent delivered by these MSCs. Then, we focus on how sensitisation of CSCs and tumours using small molecular inhibitors can increase the effect of these cells to either TRAIL or MSC-TRAIL mediated inhibition. In the conclusion, we address a few questions and safety concerns regarding the utilization of engineered MSCs for future treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nadiah Ghazalli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia.
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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