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Schweiger P, Hamann L, Strobel J, Weisbach V, Wandersee A, Christ J, Kehl S, Weidenthaler F, Antoniadis S, Hackstein H, Cunningham S. Functional Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cord Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:115-124. [PMID: 38809115 PMCID: PMC11215632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a unique resource for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children and patients lacking suitable donors. UCB harbors a diverse set of leukocytes such as professional APCs, including monocytes, that could act as a novel source for cellular therapies. However, the immunological properties of UCB monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are not fully characterized. In this study, we characterized the phenotype and functions of UCB-MoDCs to gauge their potential for future applications. UCB exhibited higher frequencies of platelets and lymphocytes as well as lower frequencies of neutrophils in comparison with adult whole blood. Leukocyte subset evaluation revealed significantly lower frequencies of granulocytes, NK cells, and CD14+CD16- monocytes. Surface marker evaluation revealed significantly lower rates of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 while chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4, as well as markers for Ag presentation, were similarly expressed. UCB-MoDCs were sensitive to TLR1-9 stimulation and presented quantitative differences in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. UCB-MoDCs presented functional CCR7-, CXCR4-, and CCR5-associated migratory behavior as well as adequate receptor- and micropinocytosis-mediated Ag uptake. When cocultured with allogeneic T lymphocytes, UCB-MoDCs induced weak CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, CD71 expression, and release of IFN-γ and IL-2. Taken together, UCB-MoDCs present potentially advantageous properties for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schweiger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Livia Hamann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Strobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Weisbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wandersee
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Christ
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Kehl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Filip Weidenthaler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Antoniadis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Granato AM, Pancisi E, Piccinini C, Stefanelli M, Pignatta S, Soldati V, Carloni S, Fanini F, Arienti C, Bulgarelli J, Tazzari M, Scarpi E, Passardi A, Tauceri F, La Barba G, Maimone G, Baravelli S, de Rosa F, Ridolfi L, Petrini M. Dendritic cell vaccines as cancer treatment: focus on 13 years of manufacturing and quality control experience in advanced therapy medicinal products. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00771-0. [PMID: 39046388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells of the mammalian immune system. Ex vivo differentiated DCs represent a unique Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP), used in several clinical trials as personalized cancer immunotherapy. The therapy's reliability depends on its capacity to produce high-quality mature DCs (mDCs) in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. AIMS From March 2010 to December 2023, 103 patients were enrolled in multiple clinical trials at the Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory at IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori". Six hundred forty-two doses were produced, and the manufacturing process was implemented to optimize production. Our study is a retrospective analysis focusing on the quality control results. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the results of the quality control tests carried out on each produced batch, evaluating viability, purity and phenotype of mDCs and their quality in terms of microbiological safety. The data obtained are given with median and interquartile range. RESULTS The batches were found to be microbiologically safe in terms of sterility, mycoplasma, and endotoxins. An increase in DC maturation markers was found. The release criteria checks showed a high percentage of viability and purity was maintained during the production process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have confirmed that the measures implemented have ensured the safety of the products and have contributed to the establishing a robust "Pharmaceutical Quality System." This has enabled many safe mDCs to be produced for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Granato
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Pancisi
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccinini
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Monica Stefanelli
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Soldati
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanini
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology Unit of Immunotherapy and Rare Cancers, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
| | - Marcella Tazzari
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology Unit of Immunotherapy and Rare Cancers, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesca Tauceri
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Giuliano La Barba
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Baravelli
- Unit of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, GB Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Francesco de Rosa
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology Unit of Immunotherapy and Rare Cancers, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Ridolfi
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology Unit of Immunotherapy and Rare Cancers, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petrini
- Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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Hulme CH, Mennan C, McCarthy HS, Davies R, Lan T, Rix L, Perry J, Wright K. A comprehensive review of quantum bioreactor cell manufacture: Research and clinical applications. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1017-1026. [PMID: 37162433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Quantum cell expansion system manufactured by Terumo-BCT is perhaps the most widely reported Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant bioreactor used for the expansion of adherent cell populations, both for research purposes and clinical cell-based therapies/trials. Although the system was originally designed for adherent cell expansion, more recently suspension cultures and extracellular vesicle manufacturing protocols have been published using the Quantum system. Cell therapy research and regenerative medicine in general is a rapidly expanding field and as such it is likely that the use of this system will become even more widespread and perhaps mandatory, for both research and development and in the clinic. The purpose of this review is to describe, compare and discuss the diverse range of research and clinical applications currently using the Quantum system, which to our knowledge has not previously been reviewed. In addition, current and future challenges will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Hulme
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen S McCarthy
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Lan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Rix
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Perry
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Wright
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom.
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Cunningham AW, Jones M, Frank N, Sethi D, Miller MM. Stem-like memory T cells are generated during hollow fiber perfusion-based expansion and enriched after cryopreservation in an automated modular cell therapy manufacturing process. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1148-1157. [PMID: 36031522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Modular automation is a flexible and reliable option to build the foundation of a new or evolving process or to introduce automation to a process that is already established. Herein the authors demonstrate that modular automation provides both high-quality and high-yield T-cell products. METHODS Cells from three individual donors collected on an automated continuous flow centrifugation system were successfully expanded in a functionally closed, automated, perfusion-based hollow fiber bioreactor. These cells were then prepared for cryopreservation in an automated closed-system device that maintains temperature and aliquots a mixed cell product and cryoprotectant into product bags. Cell product bags were thawed and expanded in flasks. Samples taken throughout this manufacturing process were analyzed for cell phenotype, exhaustion markers and functionality. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was maintained through each step, from pre-expansion and post-expansion to immediately after thaw and 24 h after thaw. RESULTS Interestingly, phenotypic markers such as CD45RO, CD45RA and CCR7 evolved throughout the process and stem-like memory T cells emerged as the predominant phenotype in the clinically relevant 24-h post-thaw sample. CONCLUSIONS Modular automation supported the generation of stem-like memory T cells that were not terminally exhausted and were able to produce effector cytokines upon restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Jones
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan Frank
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Dalip Sethi
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
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Hou Y, Mi K, Sun L, Zhou K, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang L. The Application of Hollow Fiber Cartridge in Biomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071485. [PMID: 35890380 PMCID: PMC9316653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hollow fiber cartridge has the advantages of good semi-permeability, high surface area to volume ratio, convenient operation, and so on. Its application in chemical analysis, drug in vitro experiment, hemodialysis, and other fields has been deeply studied. This paper introduces the basic structure of hollow fiber cartridge, compares the advantages and disadvantages of a hollow fiber infection model constructed by a hollow fiber cartridge with traditional static model and animal infection model and introduces its application in drug effects, mechanism of drug resistance, and evaluation of combined drug regimen. The principle and application of hollow fiber bioreactors for cell culture and hollow fiber dialyzer for dialysis and filtration were discussed. The hollow fiber cartridge, whether used in drug experiments, artificial liver, artificial kidney, etc., has achieved controllable experimental operation and efficient and accurate experimental results, and will provide more convenience and support for drug development and clinical research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lei Sun
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence:
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Van den Broek B, Wuyts C, Irobi J. Extracellular vesicle-associated small heat shock proteins as therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114009. [PMID: 34673130 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease. EVs are nanosized carriers that play an essential role in intercellular communication and cellular homeostasis by transporting an active molecular cargo, including a large variety of proteins. Recent publications demonstrate that small heat shock proteins (HSPBs) exhibit a beneficial role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it is defined that HSPBs target the autophagy and the apoptosis pathway, playing a prominent role in chaperone activity and cell survival. This review elaborates on the therapeutic potential of EVs and HSPBs, in particular HSPB1 and HSPB8, in neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude that EVs and HSPBs positively influence neuroinflammation, central nervous system (CNS) repair, and protein aggregation in CNS disorders. Moreover, we propose the use of HSPB-loaded EVs as advanced nanocarriers for the future development of neurodegenerative disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Wuyts
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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7
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Kwee BJ, Sung KE. Engineering microenvironments for manufacturing therapeutic cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1845-1856. [PMID: 34250847 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211026922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a growing number of globally approved products and clinical trials utilizing autologous and allogeneic therapeutic cells for applications in regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However, there is a need to develop rapid and cost-effective methods for manufacturing therapeutically effective cells. Furthermore, the resulting manufactured cells may exhibit heterogeneities that result in mixed therapeutic outcomes. Engineering approaches that can provide distinct microenvironmental cues to these cells may be able to enhance the growth and characterization of these cell products. This mini-review describes strategies to potentially enhance the expansion of therapeutic cells with biomaterials and bioreactors, as well as to characterize the cell products with microphysiological systems. These systems can provide distinct cues to maintain the quality attributes of the cells and evaluate their function in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
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8
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Cunningham S, Hackstein H. Rapid generation of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells with dendritic cell-like properties. Transfusion 2021; 61:1845-1855. [PMID: 33786883 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major challenges in cellular therapy is the establishment and validation of simple and fast production protocols meeting good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. Dendritic cells (DCs) are of particular therapeutic interest, due to their critical role in T cell response initiation and regulation. Conventional wisdom states that DC generation from monocytes is a time-consuming protocol, taking up to 7-9 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study systematically screened and validated numerous culture components and conditions to identify the minimal requirements, which can give rise to functional monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells (MoAPCs) in less than 48 h (36 h MoAPC). A total of 36 h MoAPCs were evaluated in terms of surface marker expression, endocytic capability, and induction of antigen-specific T cell expansion via flow cytometry. RESULTS Screening of media compositions, glucose concentrations, and surface marker kinetics, particularly DC-SIGN as a DC-specific marker, allowed the generation of DC-like APCs in 36 h (36 h MoAPCs). A total of 36 h MoAPCs displayed a similar phenotype to 48 h MoAPC and standard 7 d MoDCs in terms of HLA-DP,DQ,DR, CD83, and DC-SIGN expression, while CD1a was preferentially expressed in standard MoDCs. Functional evaluation revealed that 36 h MoAPCs displayed reduced endocytosis capabilities and IL-12p70 production. However, 36 h MoAPCs were able to induce T cell expansion both in an allogenic and antigen-specific setting. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mature 36 h MoAPCs possess DC-like capabilities by inducing antigen-specific T cell responses. This study has important implications for the generation of DC-based cellular therapies, allowing a more cost and time-efficient generation of APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Cunningham S, Hackstein H. Recent Advances in Good Manufacturing Practice-Grade Generation of Dendritic Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:454-463. [PMID: 33442340 DOI: 10.1159/000512451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal regulators of immune responses, specialized in antigen presentation and bridging the gap between the innate and adaptive immune system. Due to these key features, DCs have become a pillar of the continuously growing field of cellular therapies. Here we review recent advances in good manufacturing practice strategies and their individual specificities in relation to DC production for clinical applications. These take into account both small-scale experimental approaches as well as automated systems for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Blood Eosinophilia is an on-Treatment Biomarker in Patients with Solid Tumors Undergoing Dendritic Cell Vaccination with Autologous Tumor-RNA. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030210. [PMID: 32121531 PMCID: PMC7150785 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors for several cancer types and the rapidly growing recognition that T cell-based immunotherapy significantly improves outcomes for cancer patients led to a re-emergence of cancer vaccines, including dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Blood and tissue biomarkers to identify responders and long-term survivors and to optimize cost and cost-effectiveness of treatment are greatly needed. We wanted to investigate whether blood eosinophilia is a predictive biomarker for patients with solid tumors receiving vaccinations with DCs loaded with autologous tumor-RNA. Methods: In total, 67 patients with metastatic solid tumors, who we treated with autologous monocyte-derived DCs transfected with total tumor mRNA, were serially analyzed for eosinophil counts and survival over the course of up to 14 years. Eosinophilic counts were performed on peripheral blood smears. Results: Up to 87% of the patients treated with DC-based immunotherapy experienced at least once an eosinophilia of ≥ 5% after initiation of therapy; 61 % reached levels of ≥ 10% eosinophils, and 13% of patients showed eosinophil counts of 20% or above. While prevaccination eosinophil levels were not associated with survival, patients with blood eosinophilia at any point after initiation of DC-based immunotherapy showed a trend towards longer survival. There was a statistically significant difference for the patients with eosinophil counts of 20% or more (p = 0.03). In those patients, survival was prolonged to a median of 58 months (range 2–111 months), compared to a median of 20 months (range 0–119 months) in patients with lower eosinophil counts. In 12% of the patients, an immediate increase in eosinophil count of at least 10 percentage points could be detected after the first vaccine, which also appeared to correlate with survival (65 vs. 24 months; p = 0.06). Conclusion: Blood eosinophilia appears to be an early, on-therapy biomarker in patients with solid tumors undergoing vaccination with RNA-transfected DC, specifically autologous tumor mRNA-transfected DC vaccines, and it correlates with long-term patient outcome. Eosinophilia should be systematically investigated in future trials.
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11
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Yadav VG. Keeping it simple: A higher-yielding process for manufacturing dendritic cells. Sci Transl Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An optimized protocol using a hollow-fiber bioreactor produces a complete dose of dendritic cell–based immunotherapies in a single batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya G. Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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