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Zhang S, Wang J, Xin Z, Sun C, Ju Z, Xue X, Jiang W, Xin Q, Wang J, Zhang Z, Luan Y. Effect of Oridonin on Experimental Animal Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Cell Biochem 2024:e30632. [PMID: 39014931 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious disease that occurs in premature and low-birth-weight infants. In recent years, the incidence of BPD has not decreased, and there is no effective treatment for it. Oridonin (Ori) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of biological activities, especially pharmacological and anti-inflammatory. It is well known that inflammation plays a key role in BPD. However, the therapeutic effect of Ori on BPD has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we will observe the anti-inflammatory activity of Ori in an experimental animal model of BPD. Here, we showed that Ori could significantly decrease hyperoxia-induced alveolar injury, inhibit neutrophil recruitment, myeloperoxidase concentrations, and release inflammatory factors in BPD neonatal rats. Taken together, the experimental results suggested that Ori can significantly improve BPD in neonatal rats by inhibiting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiye Ju
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Luan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Renal Multidisciplinary Innovation Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kato S, Iwata O, Kato H, Fukaya S, Imai Y, Saitoh S. Furin Regulates the Alveolarization of Neonatal Lungs in a Mouse Model of Hyperoxic Lung Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1656. [PMID: 38002338 PMCID: PMC10669361 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment options, such as corticosteroid administration and less invasive respiratory support, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains an important prognostic factor in preterm infants. We previously reported that furin regulates changes in lung smooth muscle cell phenotypes, suggesting that it plays a critical role in BPD pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether it regulates the alveolarization of immature lungs through activating alveolarization-driving proteins. We first examined furin expression levels, and its functions, using an established hyperoxia-induced BPD mouse model. Thereafter, we treated mice pups, as well as primary myofibroblast cell cultures, with furin inhibitors. Finally, we administered the hyperoxia-exposed mice pups with recombinant furin. Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of furin with alpha-smooth muscle actin. Hyperoxia exposure for 10 d decreased alveolar formation, as well as the expression of furin and its target, IGF-1R. Hexa-D-arginine administration also significantly inhibited alveolar formation. Another furin inhibitor, decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone, accumulated pro-IGF-1R, and decreased IGF-1R phosphorylation in myofibroblast primary cultures. Finally, recombinant furin treatment significantly improved alveolarization in hyperoxia-exposed mice pups. Furin regulates alveolarization in immature lungs. Therefore, this study provides novel insights regarding the involvement of furin in BPD pathogenesis, and highlights a potential treatment target for ameliorating the impact of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (O.I.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Osuke Iwata
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (O.I.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Satoko Fukaya
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (O.I.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Yukari Imai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (O.I.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
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Files DC, Tacke F, O’Sullivan A, Dorr P, Ferguson WG, Powderly WG. Rationale of using the dual chemokine receptor CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor cenicriviroc for the treatment of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010547. [PMID: 35749425 PMCID: PMC9231801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a global pandemic infecting over 230 million people and costing millions of lives. Therapies to attenuate severe disease are desperately needed. Cenicriviroc (CVC), a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist, an agent previously studied in advanced clinical trials for patients with HIV or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may have the potential to reduce respiratory and cardiovascular organ failures related to COVID-19. Inhibiting the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways could attenuate or prevent inflammation or fibrosis in both early and late stages of the disease and improve outcomes of COVID-19. Clinical trials using CVC either in addition to standard of care (SoC; e.g., dexamethasone) or in combination with other investigational agents in patients with COVID-19 are currently ongoing. These trials intend to leverage the anti-inflammatory actions of CVC for ameliorating the clinical course of COVID-19 and prevent complications. This article reviews the literature surrounding the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways, their proposed role in COVID-19, and the potential role of CVC to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark Files
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank Tacke
- Medical Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Dorr
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - William G. Powderly
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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4
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Liu Z, Yang J, Chen Y, Chen C, Wang J, Lee YM, Zheng W, Shang R, Tang Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Huang Y, Peng S, Liou YC, He W, Luo G. P311 Facilitates the Angiogenesis and Wound Healing Function of MSCs by Increasing VEGF Production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821932. [PMID: 35154140 PMCID: PMC8831272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential clinical therapeutic cell for injured tissue repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. Enhancing the pro-healing function of MSCs has gradually become an essential topic in improving the clinical efficacy of MSCs. Recently, studies have shown that neuronal protein 3.1 (P311) plays a crucial role in promoting skin wound healing, suggesting P311 gene modification may improve the pro-healing function of MSCs. In this study, we demonstrated that increasing the in vivo expression of P311 could significantly enhance the ability of MSCs to lessen the number of inflammatory cells, increase the expression of IL10, reduce the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, increase collagen deposition, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately accelerate skin wound closure and improve the quality of wound healing. Importantly, we uncovered that P311 enhanced the pro-angiogenesis function of MSCs by increasing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we revealed that the mTOR signalling pathway was closely related to the regulation of P311 on VEGF production in MSCs. Together, our data displayed that P311 gene modification in MSCs augments their capabilities to promote skin wound closure, which might bring the dawn for its clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yew Mun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Academy of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiya Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Disease Proteomics, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
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Hocq C, Vanhoutte L, Guilloteau A, Massolo AC, Van Grambezen B, Carkeek K, Piersigilli F, Danhaive O. Early diagnosis and targeted approaches to pulmonary vascular disease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:804-815. [PMID: 33674739 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension has emerged as a life-threatening disease in preterm infants suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Its development is closely linked to respiratory disease, as vasculogenesis and alveologenesis are closely interconnected. Once clinically significant, BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) can be challenging to manage, due to poor reversibility and multiple comorbidities frequently associated. The pulmonary vascular disease process underlying BPD-PH is the result of multiple innate and acquired factors, and emerging evidence suggests that it progressively develops since birth and, in certain instances, may begin as early as fetal life. Therefore, early recognition and intervention are of great importance in order to improve long-term outcomes. Based on the most recent knowledge of BPD-PH pathophysiology, we review state-of-the-art screening and diagnostic imaging techniques currently available, their utility for clinicians, and their applicability and limitations in this specific population. We also discuss some biochemical markers studied in humans as a possible complement to imaging for the detection of pulmonary vascular disease at its early stages and the monitoring of its progression. In the second part, we review pharmacological agents currently available for BPD-PH treatment or under preclinical investigation, and discuss their applicability, as well as possible approaches for early-stage interventions in fetuses and neonates. IMPACT: BPD-associated PH is a complex disease involving genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as environmental exposures starting from fetal life. The value of combining multiple imaging and biochemical biomarkers is emerging, but requires larger, multicenter studies for validation and diffusion. Since "single-bullet" approaches have proven elusive so far, combined pharmacological regimen and cell-based therapies may represent important avenues for research leading to future cure and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheline Hocq
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Vanhoutte
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Guilloteau
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Claudia Massolo
- Department of Surgical and Medical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Bénédicte Van Grambezen
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate Carkeek
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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McDonald MM, Kim AS, Mulholland BS, Rauner M. New Insights Into Osteoclast Biology. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10539. [PMID: 34532619 PMCID: PMC8441501 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are characterized by their unique ability to resorb large quantities of bone. Therefore, they are frequently the target of therapeutic interventions to ameliorate bone loss. In an adult organism, osteoclasts derive from hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into osteoclasts within a multistep process under the influence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL). Historically, the osteoclast life cycle has been defined as linear, whereby lineage‐committed mononuclear precursors fuse to generate multinucleated highly specialized and localized bone phagocytic cells, which then undergo apoptosis within weeks. Recent advances through lineage tracing, single cell RNA sequencing, parabiosis, and intravital imaging approaches have challenged this dogma, revealing they have greater longevity and the capacity to circulate and undergo cell recycling. Indeed, these new insights highlight that under homeostatic conditions very few incidences of osteoclast apoptosis occur. More importantly, as we revisit the formation and fate of the osteoclast, novel methods to target osteoclast biology in bone pathology and regeneration are emerging. This review briefly summarizes the historical life cycle of osteoclasts and highlights recent discoveries made through advanced methodologies, which have led to a paradigm shift in osteoclast biology. These findings are discussed in light of both existing and emerging bone targeted therapeutics, bone pathologies, and communication between osteoclasts and cells resident in bone or at distant sites. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Maree McDonald
- Bone Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Theme Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Albert Sungsoo Kim
- Bone Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Theme Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Bridie S Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Griffith University Gold Coast QLD Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD Australia
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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Guo H, Su Y, Deng F. Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:440-458. [PMID: 33211245 PMCID: PMC7675022 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a kind of pluripotent adult stem cell have shown great therapeutic potential in relation to many diseases in anti-inflammation and regeneration. The results of preclinical experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that MSC-derived secretome possesses immunoregulatory and reparative abilities and that this secretome is capable of modulating innate and adaptive immunity and reprograming the metabolism of recipient cells via paracrine mechanisms. It has been recognized that MSC-derived secretome, including soluble proteins (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases), extracellular vesicles (EVs) and organelles, plays a key role in tissue repair and regeneration in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension, and silicosis. This review summarizes the known functions of MSC-EV modulation in lung diseases, coupled with the future challenges of MSC-EVs as a new pharmaceutical agent. The identification of underlying mechanisms for MSC-EV might provide a new direction for MSC-centered treatment in lung diseases.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022 Hefei, Anhui Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Su
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022 People’s Republic of China
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MSC Based Therapies to Prevent or Treat BPD-A Narrative Review on Advances and Ongoing Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031138. [PMID: 33498887 PMCID: PMC7865378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most devastating consequences of preterm birth resulting in life-long restrictions in lung function. Distorted lung development is caused by its inflammatory response which is mainly provoked by mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity and bacterial infections. Dysfunction of resident lung mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represents one key hallmark that drives BPD pathology. Despite all progress in the understanding of pathomechanisms, therapeutics to prevent or treat BPD are to date restricted to a few drugs. The limited therapeutic efficacy of established drugs can be explained by the fact that they fail to concurrently tackle the broad spectrum of disease driving mechanisms and by the huge overlap between distorted signal pathways of lung development and inflammation. The great enthusiasm about MSC based therapies as novel therapeutic for BPD arises from the capacity to inhibit inflammation while simultaneously promoting lung development and repair. Preclinical studies, mainly performed in rodents, raise hopes that there will be finally a broadly acting, efficient therapy at hand to prevent or treat BPD. Our narrative review gives a comprehensive overview on preclinical achievements, results from first early phase clinical studies and challenges to a successful translation into the clinical setting.
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Chen S, Yan D, Qiu A. The role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension: Pathogenesis and targeting. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106934. [PMID: 32889242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that can complicate most cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and may involve multiple clinical conditions, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Despite recent developments in the management of PH, there is an urgent need for new ways to effectively treat PH and reduce the risk of further complications. Recent studies have shown that dysregulated immunity underlies the development of PH. Myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, participate in immune homeostasis and the adaptive immune response, but the function and production of these cells in PH is not well understood. A prominent pathological feature of pH is the accumulation of macrophages near the arterioles of the lung, indicating that pulmonary inflammation mediated by lung perivascular macrophages is a key driver of pulmonary remodelling, which leads to increased right ventricular systolic pressure. An improved understanding of the roles macrophages play in immune responses associated with PH may lead to new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the relationship between macrophages and PH, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the recent advances in targeting these processes to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aimin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangsu, China.
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